高考英语试题阅读理解 陕西卷解析

英 语

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节：（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30）

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

A Our warming planet is expected to face serious water crisis（危机）in the coming decades — which means each nation’s natural resource will be more important than ever. Percentage of total land area covered by forests（2011） WORLD AVERAGE 30. 88 TOP 5 AVERAGE 90.15 1. SURINAME 94.58 REST OF TOP 5 2. Micronesia 91.66 3. Seychelles 88.48 4. Samoa 88.40 5. Palau 87.61 123. CHINA 22.47 Freshwater resource, cubic kilometers per year（2011） WORLD AVERAGE 241 TOP 5 AVERAGE 3,2 1. BRAZIL 5,418 REST OF TOP 5 2. Russian Federation 4,313 3. Canada 2,850 4. United States 2,818 5. CHINA 2,813 Freshwater resource, cubic meters per person（2011） WORLD AVERAGE 6,122 TOP 5 AVERAGE 244, 973 1. ICELAND 532,1 REST OF TOP 5 2. Guyana 304,723 3. Suriname 166,112 4. Papua New Guinea 114,216 5. Bhutan 106,923 102. CHINA 2,092

46. According to the statistics, what is the world average of freshwater resource per person?

A. 244,973 cubic kilometers B. 241 cubic kilometers C. 3,2 cubic kilometers D. 6,122 cubic kilometers 47. Which country or region has the most freshwater resource per year?

A. GuyanaB. Brazil

C. Iceland D. China

48. Which country or region appears twice on the top 5 lists?

A. BhutanB. Seychelles C. Canada D. Suriname

【篇章导读】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了世界森林覆盖面积，淡水总量以及人均淡水拥有量处于前五位的国家。

【热点词汇】

be expected to有望做某事；被期待做某事 water crisis危机

in the coming decades在未来几十年中 Freshwater resource淡水资源

Micronesia密克罗尼西亚；密克罗尼西亚（西太平洋岛群） Seychelles塞舌尔；非洲塞舌尔群岛

Samoa萨摩亚；萨摩亚（南太平洋中部一群岛）

Palau帕劳共和国；帕劳群岛（位于西太平洋，也称帛琉群岛） Russian Federation俄罗斯联邦 Guyana圭亚那（拉丁美洲国家） Suriname（荷兰语）苏里南

Papua New Guinea巴布亚新几内亚 Bhutan不丹（印度东北一国家）

46. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三列中的“Freshwater resource, cubic kilometers per person（2011）WORLD AVERAGE 6,122”可知，人均淡水量是6,122 cubic meters。

47. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二列中的“1. BRAZIL 5,418”可知，淡水总量排名第一是巴西。

48. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一列中的“1. SURINAME 94.58”和第三列中的“3. Suriname 166,112”可知，Suriname在前五名里的名单中出现了两次。

B

When I told my father that I was moving to Des Moines, Iowa, he told me about the only time he had been there. It was in the 1930s, when he was an editor in the literary magazine of Southern Methodist University（SMU）in Dallas, Texas. He also worked as a professor at SMU, and there was a girl student in his class who suffered from a serious back disease. She couldn’t afford the operation because her family was poor.

Her mother ran a boardinghouse in Galveston, a seaside town near Houston, Texas. She was cleaning out the attic（阁楼）one day when she came across an old dusty manuscript（手稿）. On its top page were the words, “By O. Henry”. It was a nice story, and she sent it to her daughter at SMU, who showed it to my father. My father had never read the story before, but it sounded like O. Henry,

and he knew that O. Henry had once lived in Houston. So it was possible that the famous author had gone to the beach and stayed in the Gainestown boardinghouse, and had written the story there and left the manuscript behind by accident. My father visited an O. Henry expert at ColumbiaUniversity in New York, who authenticated the story as O. Henry’s.

My father then set out to sell it. Eventfully, he found himself in Des Moines, meeting with Gardner Cowles, a top editor at the Des Moines Register. Cowles loves the story and bought it on the spot. My father took the money to the girl. It was just enough for her to have the operation she so desperately needed.

My father never told me what the O. Henry story was about. But I doubt that it could have been better than his own story.

49. Who found the O. Henry’s manuscript?

A. The girl’s mother. B. The author’s father. C. The girl. D. The author.

50. Which of the following might explain the fact that the manuscript was found in the attic?

A. O. Henry once worked in Houston. B. O. Henry once stayed in Galveston.

C. O. Henry once moved to Des Moines. D. O. Henry once taught at SMU.

51. The underlined word “authenticated” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.

A. named B. treated C. proved D. described 52. According to the text, why did the author’s father go to Des Moines?

A. To sell the O. Henry story. B. To meet the author himself. C. To talk with the O. Henry expert. D. To give money to the girl.

【篇章导读】这是一篇记叙文。“我”父亲的学生因病动手术，但没有费用。碰巧地是学生母亲偶然发现欧亨利的手稿，“我”父亲去Des Moines卖掉手稿，凑足了手术费用。

【热点词汇】

literary magazine文学杂志 suffer from受苦于

couldn’t afford无法承担 run经营

boardinghouse公寓；供膳食的寄宿处 clean out清除，打扫干净 come across偶遇 manuscript手稿

authenticated as身份验证是 meet with偶然遇见；遭受 on the spot立刻，当场

desperately needed迫切需要

49. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She was cleaning out the attic（阁楼）one day when she came across an old dusty manuscript（手稿）. On its top page were the words, “By O. Henry”.”可知，父亲的学生的母亲在打扫阁楼时发现了欧亨利的手稿。 50. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“... he knew that O. Henry had once lived in Houston.

So it was possible that the famous author had gone to the beach and stayed in the Gainestown boardinghouse, and had written the story there and left the manuscript behind by accident.”可知，欧亨利可能在Gainestown居住过，从而留下手稿。

51. C 【解析】猜测词义题。根据该词所在句中的“My father visited an O. Henry expert at ColumbiaUniversity in New York…”以及第三段中的“My father then set out to sell it.”可知，专家确认确欧亨利的手稿后，“我”父亲才来到Des Moines出售手稿。所以authenticated意为“鉴定；证明……是真实的”。

52. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“My father then set out to sell it. Eventfully, he foud himself in Des Moines, meeting with Gardner Cowles, a top editor at the Des Moines Register. Cowles loves the story and bought it on the spot.”可知，“我”父亲去Des Moines的目的是出售手稿。

C

Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by CornellUniversity suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.

According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.

After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.

In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity—or extreme overweight—among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% — and is growing.

53. In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr. Joseph Mercola?

A. They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently. B. They squeeze eating between the other daily activities. C. They regard eating as a key part of their lifestyles. D. They usually eat too much canned and frozen food. . This text is mainly the relationship between ______.

A. Americans and the French B. life style and obesity C. children and adults D. fast food and overweight 55. The text is mainly developed ______.

A. by contrast B. by space C. by process D. by classification 56. Where does this text probably come from?

A. A TV interview B. A food advertisement C. A health report D. A book review

【篇章导读】这是一篇社会生活类文章。美国人常注意体重但是仍然很胖，而法国人消耗了更多的食物，仍然很瘦。美国人与法国人的生活方式有些不一样。饮食习惯与肥胖有一定的关联。

【热点词汇】

watch weight注意体重 consume消费

conclude推断；决定，作结论 see …as看作为；视……为…… sense感觉到 In addition另外

canned and frozen foods罐装和冷冻产品 have a choice of选择 high-quality高质量 In spite of尽管

evidence shows that语气表明 the rate of obesity肥胖率

gain acceptance被接受，被承认，获得公认；受欢迎 reject older traditions反对传统

53. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style.”可知，Dr. Joseph Mercola认为法国人把就餐看成是生活方式的重要组成部分。

. B 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段中的“Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight.”可知，文章主要讲生活方式与肥胖的关系，下文通过比较美国人和法国人的饮食习惯来说明这种关系。

55. A 【解析】篇章结构题。文中作者把美国人和法国人的饮食习惯、观念以及肥胖率等也进行了比较。所以文章是通过对比的方式来组织语言材料的。

56. C【解析】推理判断题。本文介绍饮食习惯与肥胖有一定的关联，文章最有可能来自于健康报道。

D

One afternoon last week, I saw three tearful children from my son’s school being comforted by teachers. That morning, my 11-year-old had stomach pains, retching（干呕）into a bowl. Talking to other mothers later, I heard about other children with stomachache or difficult sleeping the night before.

What caused so much pain? Sports day. Sports day might be necessary at a highly-competitive independent school, but not at a village primary school. For the children who can fly like the wind, sports day cause no problem. For those who are overweight or just not good at sport, it is nightmare（噩梦）. Even for those who enjoy running but fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents, it can prove a disease.

Why do we put our children through this annual suffering? Some may say competition is

character building; or it’s taking part, not winning, that’s important; or that’s a tradition of school life. I just felt great pity for those children in tears or in pain.

Team games at the end of sports day produced some close races, wild enthusiasm, lots of shouting — and were fun to watch. More importantly, the children who were not so fast or quick at passing the ball were hidden a little from everyone’s eyes. Some of them also had the thrill of being on the winning side.

I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive event. Perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be less stressful for the children and a lot more fun to watch.

57. What can we learn about the author’s son from Paragraph 1?

A. He talked with some mothers. B. He comforted his classmates. C. He had difficulty in sleeping. D. He suffered from stomachache. 58. Sports day is still an annul event in this school probably because ______.

A. this is an independent school B. it is a tradition of the school C. it helps children lose weight D. children enjoy watching sports 59. What does the author think about team games?

A. They should include more stressful races. B. They are acceptable to different children.

C. They should be abandoned at primary school. D. They are less fun for those who love running. 60. What is the author’s attitude towards sports day?

A. Critical. B. Neutral. C. Positive. D. Ambiguous.

【篇章导读】这是一篇议论文。学校“运动日”对不同学生有不同的影响。建议学校取消或者用竞争性更少的活动取代该活动。

【热点词汇】

highly-competitive竞争激烈的 overweight超重的；过重的 nightmare噩梦

character building品格培养

it’s taking part, not winning, that’s important是参与而不是胜利重要 wild enthusiasm狂野的热情 More importantly更重要的是 the thrill of ……的惊喜

be on the winning side支持胜利方 abandoned放弃

57. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“That morning, my 11-year-old had stomach pains, retching（干呕）into a bowl.”可知，作者的儿子胃疼。

58. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Some may say competition is character building; or it’s taking part, not winning, that’s important; or that’s a tradition of school life.”可知，学校每年有“运动日”的原因可能是因为它的学校的传统。

59. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Team games at the end of sports day produced some close races, wild enthusiasm, lots of shouting — and were fun to watch. More importantly, the

children who were not so fast or quick at passing the ball were hidden a little from everyone’s eyes. Some of them also had the thrill of being on the winning side.”可知，团队运动能让孩子有热情、观看起来也有趣，不同的学生可接受团队运动。

60. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive event.”可知，作者认为可放弃“运动日”，或用其他方式取代，所以作者对它持有批评的态度。