考研英语(翻译)模拟试卷15(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷15 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1.1 trillion cubic metres(38.5 trillion cubic feet)in natural gas—equivalent to Japan’s consumption of the gas for 11 years—is believed to lie in the ocean floor off the coast of Shikoku island, western Japan, the officials said.【F4】”We aim to establish methane hydrate production technologies for practical use by the fiscal 2018 year ending March 2019.” a consortium official said. “We want to consolidate technologies for its commercialisation,” economy, trade and industry minister Toshimitsu Motegi also told a news conference, according to Jiji Press. “I hope we can make use of resources surrounding our country as soon as possible by clearing hurdles one by one,” he added.【F5】The move comes as resource-poor Japan has struck out in search of new energy supplies after it shut down its stable of nuclear reactors in the wake of 2011 ‘s tsunami-sparked nuclear crisis.

6． 【F1】

正确答案：日本周二宣布，已经成功地从日本海底提取出甲烷水合物，俗称“可燃冰”，此举可能将给这个资源贫乏的国家开启可延续多年的燃气资源宝藏。 涉及知识点：翻译

7． 【F2】

正确答案：这种白色固体物质燃烧时发出苍白色的火焰，燃尽后只留下水。据估计1立方米的可燃冰含有数倍于同体积甲烷气体的能量。 涉及知识点：翻译

8． 【F3】

正确答案：据官员称，在这一政府领头的工程中，该联盟将把甲烷(天然气

的主要成分)通过在海洋深处才能达到的高压从海底的固体水合物中分离出来。 涉及知识点：翻译

9． 【F4】

正确答案：联盟的一名官员说：“我们的目标是在2018财政年度结束前研发出可供实际应用的甲烷水合物生产技术，2018财政年度截止于2019年3月。” 涉及知识点：翻译

10． 【F5】

正确答案：2011年海啸引发核危机之后日本就关闭了核电站，从那以后资源贫乏的日本就一直在奋力寻求新的能源供给来源。 涉及知识点：翻译

This line of inquiry did not begin until earlier this month—more than three months after the accident—because there were “too many emotions, too many egos,” said retired Adm. Harold Gehman, chairman of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board.Testifying before the Senate Commerce Committee, Gehman said this part of his inquiry was in its earliest stages, starting just 10 days ago. But Gehman said he already has concluded it is “inconceivable” that NASA would have been unable or unwilling to attempt a rescue for astronauts in orbit if senior shuttle managers and administrators had known there was fatal damage to Columbia’s left wing.【F1】Gehman told reporters after the hearing that answers to these important questions could have enormous impact, since they could place in a different context NASA’s decisions against more aggressively checking possible wing damage in the days before Columbia’s fatal return.Investigators believe breakaway insulating foam damaged part of Columbia’ s wing shortly after lift off, allowing superheated air to penetrate the wing during its fiery re-entry on Feb.l, melt it from inside.【F2】Among those decisions was the choice by NASA’s senior shuttle managers and administrators to reject offers of satellite images of possible damage to Columbia’s left wing before the accident. The subject dominated the early part of Wednesday’ s hearing.Gehman complained managers and administrators “missed signals “when they rejected those offers for images, a pointedly harsh assessment of the space agency’s inaction during the 16-day shuttle mission.【F3】”We will attempt to pin this issue down in our report, but there were a number of bureaucratic and administrative missed signals here,” Gehman told senators. “We’re not quite so happy with the process.”【F4】The investigative board already had recommended that NASA push for better coordination between the space agency and military offices in charge of satellites and telescopes. The U.S. National Imagery and Mapping Agency in March agreed to regularly capture detailed satellite images of space shuttles in orbit.【F5】Still, Gehman said it was unclear whether even images from America’s most sophisticated spy satellites might have detected on Columbia’s wing any damage, which Gehman said could have been as small as two inches square. The precise capabilities of such satellites proved to be a sensitive topic during the Senate hearing.

11． 【F1】

正确答案：格曼于听证会后告诉记者，关于一些重要问题的答案可能会产生巨大的影响。原因是这些答案可能在一个不同的情形下审视宇航局的决定，宇航局决定反对在哥伦比亚号返航前仔细检查可能出现的侧翼故障。 涉及知识点：翻译

12． 【F2】

正确答案：在这些决定中，有一个便是宇航局管理官员拒绝接受军方所提供的关于哥伦比亚号航天飞机左翼隐患的卫星照片。 涉及知识点：翻译

13． 【F3】

正确答案：格曼告诉参议员：“我们尝试把这件事详细地写进我们的报告，但是有大量的官员和管理者忽略了故障的征兆。我们对调查的进程不太满意。” 涉及知识点：翻译

14． 【F4】

正确答案：调查委员会曾建议美国航空航天局促成宇航局和掌管卫星及望远镜的军方部门间更好的合作。 涉及知识点：翻译

15． 【F5】

正确答案：来自于美国军方最先进的间谍卫星的照片是否能检测出哥伦比亚号飞船侧翼上的两英寸大小的破损，格曼对此仍旧不敢肯定。 涉及知识点：翻译

【F1】GE, a large American conglomerate, is now proposing to make ultrasound transducers by “additive”manufacturing—or three-dimensional printing, as it is also known. A new laboratory at the firm’ s research centre in Niskayuna, New York, is taking a hard-headed look at the technique, which some see as a fad and others as the future, and working out which products might be made more efficiently by addition rather than subtraction.【F2】The GE process for making a transducer begins by spreading onto the print table a thin layer of ceramic slurry containing a light-sensitive polymer. This layer is exposed to ultraviolet light through a mask that represents the required pattern. Wherever the light falls on the polymer it causes it to solidify, binding the particles in the slurry together. The print table is then lowered by a fraction of a millimetre and the process repeated, with a different mask if required. And so on. Once finished, the solidified shape is cleaned of residual slurry and heated in a furnace to sinter the ceramic particles together. More work will be needed to turn the process into a production-ready system. But Prabhjot Singh, who leads the project, hopes that it will be possible to use it to make not just cheaper ultrasound probes, but also more sensitive ones that can show greater detail.【F3】Although researchers have had new transducer designs in mind for years, it has been impractical to construct them subtractively. Additive manufacturing could change that.The new laboratory will look at other forms of additive manufacturing, too.【F4】Some 3D printers spread metal powders on the print table and sinter the pattern with lasers or electron beams, rather than using masks. Others deposit thin filaments of polymer in order to build structures up. GE is interested in how the technology could be used right across the firm’s businesses, from aerospace to power generation and consumer products, according to Luana Iorio, head of manufacturing technologies at GE Global Research.The gains include less waste and the ability to make bespoke parts more easily. But one of the most compelling advantages is freeing designers from the

constraints of traditional production. Those constraints include having to design things not in their optimal shape but to be machined, often as a series of pieces. Additive manufacturing can combine parts into a single item, so less assembly is needed. That can also save weight—a particular advantage in aerospace.【F5】These new production opportunities mean manufacturers, big and small, are about to become a lot more inventive.

16． 【F1】

正确答案：GE作为美国一个庞大的企业集团正考虑采用“对比添加式”的

加工流程(或者又称大家所熟悉的“3D印刷”)来加工超声波压电式换能器。 涉及知识点：翻译

17． 【F2】

正确答案：GE对加工换能器的方法是首先在印刷台上撒上薄薄的一层陶瓷粘土，其中混入一种光敏聚合体。 涉及知识点：翻译

18． 【F3】

正确答案：多年以来，压电式换能器的研究者们一直都有新型设计的想法，

但应用“对比相减式”的加工流程实际上很难能把这样的构想变为现实。 涉及知识点：翻译

19． 【F4】

正确答案：一些3D印刷机在印刷台铺撒金属粉末之后，采用露光模板以外的激光或电子束方式进行热凝处理来产生样模。 涉及知识点：翻译

20． 【F5】

正确答案：这些新的生产机会意味着制造商们，无论规模大小，都将变得更加具有创造性。 涉及知识点：翻译

At the moment, there are two reliable ways to make electricity from sunlight.【F1】You can use a panel of solar cells to create the current directly, by liberating electrons from a semiconducting material such as silicon. Or you can concentrate the sun’s rays using mirrors, boil water with them, and employ the steam to drive a generator.Both work. But both are expensive. Gang Chen of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Zhifeng Ren of Boston College therefore propose, in a paper in Nature Materials, an alternative. They suggest that a phenomenon called the thermoelectric effect might be used instead—and they have built a prototype to show that the idea is practical.In their view, three things are needed to create a workable

solar-thermoelectric device. The first is to make sure that most of the sunlight which falls on it is absorbed, rather than being reflected. The second is to choose a thermoelectric material which conducts heat badly(so that different parts remain at different temperatures)but electricity well.【F2】The third is to be certain that the temperature gradient which that badly conducting material creates is not frittered away by poor design.The two researchers overcame these challenges through clever engineering. The first they dealt with by coating the top of the device with oxides of hafnium, molybdenum and titanium, in layers about 100 nanometres thick.【F3】These layers acted like the anti-reflective coatings on spectacle lenses and caused almost all the sunlight falling on the device to be absorbed.The second desideratum, of low thermal and high electrical conductivity, was achieved by dividing the bismuth telluride into pellets a few nanometres across.【F4】That does not affect their electrical conductivity, but nanoscale particles like this are known to scatter and obstruct the passage of heat through imperfectly understood quantum-mechanical processes.The third objective, efficient design, involved sandwiching the nanostructured bismuth telluride between two copper plates and then enclosing the upper plate(the one coated with the light-absorbing oxides)and the bismuth telluride in a vacuum. The copper plates conducted heat rapidly to and from the bismuth telluride, thus maintaining the temperature difference. The vacuum stopped the apparatus losing heat by convection. The upshot was a device that converts 4.6% of incident sunlight into electricity.【F5】That is not great compared with the 20% and more achieved by a silicon-based solar cell, the 40% managed by a solar-thermal turbine, or even the 18-20% of one of the new generation of cheap and cheerful thin-film solar cells. But it is enough, Dr Chen reckons, for the process to be worth considering for mass production.

21． 【F1】

正确答案：你可以使用一块太阳能电池板从硅等半导体材料中释放电子来直接制造电流。也可以用镜子集中太阳光线，利用它们烧开水，利用蒸汽驱动发电机。 涉及知识点：翻译

22． 【F2】

正确答案：第三是确保那种导热性差的材料产生的温度变化不会因为设计缺陷而白白浪费。 涉及知识点：翻译

23． 【F3】

正确答案：它们的作用类似玻璃眼镜上面防反射的覆盖层，使所有落到设备上的阳光都被吸收。 涉及知识点：翻译

24． 【F4】

正确答案：它们的导电性不会因此受到影响，但是人们知道像这样的纳米级

颗粒会分散开来并通过人们还尚未完全理解的量子力学过程阻碍热量通道。 涉及知识点：翻译

25． 【F5】

正确答案：以硅晶为基础的太阳能电池的转化率为20％甚至以上，太阳能热力涡轮的为40％，就连一种新一代价廉物美的薄膜太阳能电池的转化率也能达到18％一20％。 涉及知识点：翻译

【F1】Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers—using nonscientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been nonverbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings.【F2】Pyramids, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.The creative shaping process of a technologist’ s mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists.【F3】For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should be valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist.【F4】Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail hard thinking, nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.【F5】If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely

trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.

26． 【F1】

正确答案：许多日常使用的事物明显受到了科学的影响，但它们的形状和功能，它们的大小和外观，是由工艺人员、工匠、设计师、发明家和工程师运用非科学思维模式来设计的。 涉及知识点：翻译

27． 【F2】

正确答案：金字塔、大教堂、火箭之所以存在，不是因为几何学或热力学，而是因为在它们的制造者的头脑中事先存在了这样一幅画面。 涉及知识点：翻译

28． 【F3】

正确答案：比如说，在柴油发动机的设计中，通过不断使用关于合适感和适当感的直观体会，一个工艺人员得以用他个人的非语言思维来影响到机器本身。 涉及知识点：翻译

29． 【F4】

正确答案：因为人们认为感受的过程不需要“硬思维”，非语言思维被认为比语言和数学思维要低级，是认知过程发展的一个原始阶段。 涉及知识点：翻译

30． 【F5】

正确答案：如果不能开设设计课程(它能在一个高度分析性工程学课程体系中提供解决实际问题的背景知识)．我们就会在先进的工程系统中遇到愚蠢并会导致极大损失的错误。 涉及知识点：翻译