高考英语句子成分讲解(详细,两面)

1、主语：

(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词、主语从句等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。

Helping animals is to help people. To see is to believe

That he has been punished is known to all. When and how to go there depends on the weather.

(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替。

It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey.

Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.)

(3)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词

The man looks worried,doesn’t he? Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they?

(4)祈使句一般省略主语。因为祈使句的主语一般是第____人称。 Keep the boards clean, children.

2、谓语：

(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”构成,说明主语“干什么”或“怎么样”。

He traveled in space for the first time. Who teaches you English this year? The pizza has gone bad.

(2)谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成：［情态动词］+［时态助动词］+［语态助动词］+［主要动词］。

He can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel.

Something must have been done to stop the bad news from spreading out.

(3)要记住使用谓语动词的正确形式：

①情态动词+原形动词。 You should go over the lesson.

②助动词+原形动词。 They will go there at once.

③be+现在分词或者过去分词。What are you doing this evening?

④have+过去分词。Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.

⑤do/does/did+原形动词。He does not enjoy himself very much. He does like playing basketball.

(4)谓语动词单复数形式：主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致。

Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. Tom together with his parents is staying in Beijing.

3、宾语：

(1) 由名词、代词(宾格)、不定式、动名词、从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”。

The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.

He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.

They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons.

(2)只有及物动词、介词和 形容词才有宾语。要注意无宾语和缺宾语的区别。 介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后面，也可以放在句首。

With what does he write a letter? What does he write a letter with?

(3)“动词+副词+宾语”结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间构成分割式动词短语。

Please put the shoes away. Please put away the shoes. Please put them away.

(4) 双宾语结构： He often gives me some help. He often gives some help to me.

动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.

Please make me a kite. Please make a kite for me.

(5)在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的

宾语移到补语后面去。

I found the job rather difficult. I found it rather difficult to do the job.

4、表语：

(1) 说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词等充当。

He became a doctor after he left high school. He does not feel like eating anything today .

(2) 系动词分三类 (是：be,remain,seem; 感官：look,taste,feel,sound,smell；变化:become,turn get,grow,keep,go)

(3) 只能作表语的形容词有：sorry, afraid, alone, asleep, awake, ill, well, sure, interested。

5、定语：

(1) 修饰名词或代词的成分,由形容词、名词(含所有格)、代词(物主、指示、疑问)、介词短语、不定式充当

(2) 多个单词做定语的次序： 物代/ 冠词 —形状/年龄/ 大小/—色彩— 国家/来源— 材料/质地/ 用途

a ,the, my, his ——tall,big——old,young,—— red, yellow——Chinese, American——wooden, glass—table

形象总

结： 。

6、状语：

(1) 说明动作“何时”、“何地”、“如何”发生,或者说明形容词或副词的程度,一般由副词、介词短语、不定

式、从句等充当。有时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语、比较状语、让步状语、条

件状语、方式（伴随）状语等。

You cannot leave until your work is finished. He hurried to go there only to find the train had left.

(2)状语所处不同的位置会产生不同的句子含义。

---I knew ---that---- he had found his bike----. (last year) ---I found the boy ---crying---. (in the house)

(3) 多个状语相连时,一般先单词、后短语; 先地点、后时间; 先小概念、后大概念。

He went out of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark.

7、主语/宾语补足语：

(1) 宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的动作、状态的成分,常由名词、形容词、动词非谓语形式(不定式、现

在

分

词

、

过

去

分

词

等

)

、

介

词

短

语

等

充

当

。

Call him Jim, please. I tried my best to make him happy.

Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. He let the smaller animals bring food to him.

(2) 主语补足语：补充说明主语的动作、状态的成分。 句子中有宾补? 句子中有主补？

（3）不定式作宾语补足语,不定时符号的省略问题。能跟不带to 的不定式作补语的动词 feel , hear , listen to ,

let , have, make, see ,watch ,observe, notice,help 一感二听三让四看半帮助 （get sb.___ do sth.）

注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如： He was seen to play in the street just now.

8、同位语：

由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。

（1）带不带逗号? Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to. His brother John is a world-famous doctor.

(2) 同位语从句与定语从句的区别

The news that he told me yesterday delighted all of us.

The news that we won the game yesterday delighted all of us.

I don’t believe the story that I read in the book.

I don’t believe the story that the old man picked up one million yuan.

(3) 可以有同位语从句的词有：