AND
TECHNOLOGY
(84-89)
StatusQuoofFurnitureIndustryDevelopment
inChina
HUYanjie*
ResearchInstituteofForestryPolicyandInformation,ChineseAcademyofForestry,Beijing100091,P.R.China
Abstract:ThemainproductsandspecialzonesofChina’sfurnitureindustrywerepresentedfirstlyinthispaper.Somefeaturesoffurnitureindustrywerereviewed,includingthesourcecountriesoffurniturematerials,mainspeciesoffurniturematerials,thedistributionofmajorproducersandthemainmarketsofChina’sfurniture.Inaddition,themanagementoffurnitureindustrywasdescribedintheend.Keywords:furnitureindustry,manufacturer,materials,market
Inrecentyears,Chinesefurnitureindustryhasdevelopedrapidlyandlocatedonthetopofthefurnitureindustriesintheworld,stridingforwardfromthebiggestonetothestrongestone.
In2006,theproductionvalueoffurnitureindustryreached430billionRMByuan,accountingfor2.05%ofGDP(20940.7billionRMByuanin2006)andonthetopoftheworld(SSB2007).Theexportvalueoffurnitureindustryrankedthefirstwith17.47billionUSdollars,accountingforaboutonefifthofthetotaltradevalueoffurnitureintheworldin2006(ChinaCustoms2007).
furniture,officefurniture,kitchenfurnitureandcommonfurniture(suchasusedinhotels,hospitals,schools,theatres,railstations,airports,etc.)couldbeproducedinChina(SFA2006).
InChina,furnitureisusuallyclassifiedintermsofthematerialsusedinfurniture,includingwoodenfurniture(solidwoodfurnitureandpanelfurniture),upholsteredfurniture(sofa,mattressandupholsteredchairs),metalfurniture(steelfurnitureandsteelfurnituremixedwithwood),glassfurniture,andbambooandrattanfurniture.Thewoodenfurnitureisthedominantproductwhichaccountsfor80%ofthetotalproducts.
1PRIMARYPRODUCTSANDSPECIAL
ZONESOFFURNITUREINDUSTRYINCHINA
China’sfurnitureindustryhaddevelopedrapidlyduringtheTenthFive-yearPlanperiod(2001-2005)andafullsetofindustrysystemhadbeenbasicallyestablished.Allkindsoffurnitureincludinghousehold
E-mail:yanjie@caf.ac.cn.Tel:86-10-62888981
IthasbeenreportedthataccordingtotheappraisalofChinaNationalFurnitureAssociation,specialzonesofChina’sfurnitureindustryareasfollows(CNFA2006,2007):
1)Redwoodfurnituremanufacturebase—DayongTownofZhongshanCity,GuangdongProvince.Thereare500enterprisesproducingredwood
*HuYanjie,female,bornin1971,doctorandresearcher,themainstudyfields:communityforestryandforestproductstrade.
84
furnitureinDayongTownwith30000employees.Dayongredwoodfurniturehasformeditsstylewithrichvarieties,finetechnology,goodqualityandsoundprices.
2)Thechairindustrybase—An’jiCountyofZhejiangProvince.Thereare415enterprisesproducingchairswithannualproductionof2500setsinAn’jicounty.Itsleadingproductisswivelchairwhoseconsumptionvolumetakesup35%ofthenationaltotal.An’jiismakinggreateffortstocreatethelargestworld-classchairmanufacturebasecharacterizedwithtop-qualityanddiversifiedvarieties.
3)Thetableandchairbase—NingjinCountryofShandongProvince.InNingjinCountyofDezhouCitythereare2100furnitureenterpriseswith36000employeesandannualoutputof8millionsets,accountingfor75%ofthemarketshareatthenorthsideoftheYangtzeRiver.
4)Themajorfurnitureexporttown—DalingshanTownofDongguanCity,GuangdongProvince.InDalingshanTown,thereareover320furnituremanufacturingenterprisesincludingmanyfamousenterprisessuchasTaisheng,Yunshitong,Zhende,Dayi,Dingsheng,ZhenxingandFubao.Mostofthefurniture(morethan90%)isimportedtoforeigncountries.
5)ManufacturebaseofEuropeanclassicalfurniture—YuhuanCountyofZhejiangProvince.Therearemorethan250furnituremanufacturersofEuropeanclassicalhomefurnitureinYuhuanCounty.Theaveragetotalproductionvaluereachesmorethan1billionyuaneveryyearand80%ofproductsareimportedtomorethan30countries.
Vol7No22008
6)Manufacturebaseofsolidwoodenfurniture—DalianCityofLiaoningProvince.DalianisoneofmostvigorouscitiesinNortheastChinawithconvenientlandandseatransportation,pleasantclimateandabundantindustrialbases.Therearemorethan550furnitureenterpriseswith100000employeesand5billionyuanofannualproductionvalue.ThevalueoffurnitureexporttopsUS$560millionandUS$100millionrespectivelytoJapanandtheUSAandUS$50milliontoEurope.DalianhasmanyfamousfurnitureenterprisessuchasHuafeng,Longhua,Huaxia,JinglingandJuma.EspeciallyHuafengisafamousbrandinChinaanditsfurnitureismainlyexportedtoJapan.Moreover,jointventureshavebeenestablishedinDaliansuchasAmericanDECCandJapanesefurniturecompanies.Thecityhas11large-sizedfurnituremarketswiththeareasof100000haandtheannualsalesof3billionyuan.
Inaddition,somefamousinternationalfurnituremanufacturershaveestablishedtheirfurnitureproductionbasesinChina.Forexample,SwedishIKEAGroupknownastheworld’slargesthomefurnishingsretailerstartedabusinessinChinain1998.IKEAhassetupitsfurnitureproductionbasesinDalian,Tianjin,ShanghaiandChengdu.DalianIKEAFurnitureManufacturingCo.,LtdisIKEA’slargestfurnituremanufacturingbaseinChina,mainlyproducingtablesandchairswhichwillbeexportedtointernationalmarket.IKEAhas370suppliersinChinaanditispredictedthatIKEApurchasingvolumeinChinawilltakeup20%ofitsglobaltotal.ChinahasbeenIKEA’slargestsupplybaseintheworld.Itisestimatedthat30%ofIKEA’sproductsaremadeinChina(MarketInformation2008).
85
CHINESEFORESTRYSCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY
2SOURCECOUNTRIESANDSOURCESPECIESOFTHEFURNITUREMATERIALS
Withtheincreasingoutputoffurnitureproducts,thedemandforfurniturematerialsisincreasinginChina.Therearetwokindsofwoodmaterial:oneissolidwoodincludinghardwood,softwoodandintegratedtimber(glulamorlaminate),anddecorativeveneer;theotheriswood-basedpanelincludingplywood,particleboard,fiberboardandblockboard.
TherawmaterialsusedinChina’ssolidwoodenfurnitureindustriesaremainlyNorthAmericanhardwoods,tropicalhardwoods,Russianhardwoodssuchasoak(Quercus),Manchurianash(Fraxinusmandshurica)andbirch(Betulaspp.)andasmallamountofEuropeanbeech(Fagussylvatica).Beforethe1990stheprincipalrawmaterialforexport-orientedfurniturewasmostlytropicaltimber.From2000on,withtherapiddevelopmentofexportstotheUSAthroughinvestmentbyAmericancompanies,moreNorthAmericanhardwoodswereimportedandtheyreplacedtropicaltimberasthenumberonerawmaterialforwoodenfurniture.StatisticsshowthatChinahasnowbecomethebiggestbuyerofhardwoodtimberproducedinthenortheastoftheUSA.Thedetailinformationisasfollowings:1)Solidwood
ThedevelopmentofthefurnitureindustryinChinahasveryobviousregionalfeatureanddifferentregionsutilizedifferentspecies.
InsouthernChina,mostofthesolidwoodenfurnitureproducedusetropicaltimber,andthemostcommontreespeciesincluderedwood(treespeciesofPterocarpusspp.andDalbergiaspp.);teak(Tectina
86
grandis)fromMyanmar,Indonesia,Thailand,Vietnam,LaosandCambodia;Mengaris(Koompassiaexcelsa)fromMalaysia,IndonesiaandPapuaNewGuinea;Sapele(Entandrophragmacylindricum)fromGabon,Congo,CameroonandEquatorialGuinea;Kapur(Dryobalanopsaromatica)fromMalaysiaandIndonesia;Mahogany(Swieteniamahagoni)fromAfrica.Atthesametime,theproportionofNorthAmericanspeciesandspeciesfromotherregionsareincreasing.ThemostcommonNorthAmericanspeciesincluderedoak(Q.rubra),whiteoak(Q.alba),blackwalnut(Juglansnigra),hardmaple(AcerNigrumorA.Saccharum),softmaple(A.rubrum),sweetcherry(Prunusavium)andblackcherry(Pr.serotina).Thespeciesfromotherregionsismainlyradiantpine(Pinusradiate)fromNewZealand.
FurnitureproductionintheeasternChinaisconcentratedinShanghaiandZhejiangandthetimbersusedaretheimportedNorthAmericanhardwoodssuchasmaple,redoak,whiteoak,cherryandhickory.ImportedEuropeanbeechandtropicalhardwoodsfromWestAfrica,SEAsia,SouthAmericaandOceania(mainlyfromPapuaNewGuinea)arealsoused.
FurnitureenterprisesinHarbinandDalianintheNortheastandinBeijing,Tianjin,HebeiandShandonginnorthernChinausemainlytheimportedRussianhardwoodssuchasScotchpine(P.sylvestris),oak(Q.mongolica),elm(UlmuspumilaL.),ash(F.mandshurica),birch(Brtulamedwediewii)andafewNorthAmericanhardwoods.2)Wood-basedpanel
Mostofthepanelsusedinfurnitureindustrycomefromdomesticenterprises,butitisstillnecessaryto
Vol7No22008
importhigh-gradewood-basedpanelsincludingplywoodandparticleboardforhigh-gradewoodenfurnituremanufacture.
concentratedinthePearlRiverDelta,i.e.Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Dongguan,ShundeandZhongshan.Thenumberofmanufacturersaccountsforabout34%ofthetotalinChina.ThePearlRiverDeltaareaiscalledastheoriginalareaofmodernfurnitureinChina.MostenterprisesandcompaniesfromTaiwanProvinceandHongKonghaveestablishedfurniturefactoriesinthisregion.Forexample,TaiwanSamsonGroup,whichcametoChinesemainlandsince1980,isthefirstTaiwanfurniturecompanycomingtoGuangdongProvince.IthadestablishedproductionbaseinDongguanCityofGuangdongProvince.Nowthegrouphas6000employees,9branchfactoriesandproduces200millionpiecesannually.Itsproductsaremadeof
ItisestimatedthatChinafurnitureindustry’sdemandsforsolidwood,qualifiedwood-basedpanelanddecorativeveneerwillincreasewiththerapiddevelopmentoffurnitureindustryinfuture.Atthesametime,thegapbetweensupplyanddemandwillbecomelargerandlarger.Chinafurnitureindustryhastodiversifyitsmaterialssourcesandpaymoreattentiontomaterialssourcesfromabroad(FurnitureForum2008).
3DISTRIBUTIONOFMAJOR
FURNITUREPRODUCERSINCHINA
Geographically,therearefourmajorfurniture-makingclustersdistributedinthesouth,east,northandnortheastofChina,inwhichthesouthbase(thePearlRiverDelta)andtheeastbase(theYangtzeRiverDelta)playanimportantroleinChinafurnitureindustry(FurnitureForum2008).InthePearlRiverDeltaforeignenterprisesareverycommon.Thisconcentrationofproductionhascreatedanexcellentmanufacturingandexportenvironment:efficienttransportation,convenientclearanceofgoods,excellentaccommodationandcommunications,andhigh-qualityeducatedandtalentedpoolofworkers.Alltheseelementsprovideagoodconditionforthemanufactureandexportoffurniture.IncomparisonwithdevelopmentsofthesectorinthePearlRiverDelta,thefurnitureindustryinYangtzeRiverDeltastartedalittlelaterbutitsrateofexpansionhasbeenrapid.
InsouthernChina,furnituremanufacturersare
highergradeUSApanelsuchasCherryorMapleandalltheproductsareexportedtoforeigncountries.
IneasternChina,furnituremanufacturersareconcentratedinYangtzeRiverDelta,includingShanghai,JiangsuandZhejiang(Hangzhou,Wenzhou,Shaoxing,YuhuanandYiwu).Thenumberofmanufacturesaccountsforabout43%ofthetotal.
InnorthernChina,furnituremanufacturersareconcentratedinBeijing,Tianjin,HebeiandShandong.Thenumberofmanufacturesaccountsforabout16%ofthetotal.
FurnitureenterprisesintheNortheastareconcentratedinHarbinandDalian.Thenumberofmanufacturesaccountsforabout5%ofthetotal.
Therearefewfurnituremanufacturersinthesouthwestandnorthwestofthecountry,accountingforabout2%ofthetotal.
87
CHINESEFORESTRYSCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY
4MAJORMARKETSOFFURNITUREINCHINA
ItisreportedthatoverthepastfewyearsthegrowthofthedemandforfurnitureinChinaconsumptionmarketwas8.8%,andpercapita
furniture
consumptioncapacityreachedabout17USdollarsin2005(SSB2006).Accordingtoincompletestatistics,Chinahadnewlysetupmorethan50bigfurnituremarketswithanareaof10000m2in2004alone,inwhichIKEA,B&QandOBIaretheleadingforces(CNFA2005).
Expertsthinkthatmiddle-andhigh-gradefurniturehasbecomeanewpopularityamongconsumersinChinaalongwiththeincrementofpercapitaincomesandsustainabledevelopmentofrealestatemarket.Therefore,domesticfurnituremarketwillfocusonbigcitessuchasBeijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Tianjin,Chengdu,Shenyang,etc.Thedemandsforfurnituremainlycomefromoldhomefurniturereplacing,newbuiltapartments,newbuiltofficebuildings,oldhotelfurniturereplacingandkids’furniture.Itisestimatedthatthedomesticfurnitureconsumptionwillreach280billionRMByuaninthenearfuture(MarketInformation2008).
WiththerapiddevelopmentofChina’sfurnituremanufacturingsector,exportsofvariouskindsoffurniturehaveincreased.Ofthevariouskindsoffurnitureexportedinthepastyears,woodenfurnituregeneratedthemostvalueandthedominanceofwoodenfurniturehasbeenmaintainedatabout50%ofallfurnitureexportsoverthepastdecade.Therearemainlyfiveexportmarkets:NorthAmerica,Europe,JapanandKorea,SoutheastAsiaandMiddleAsia.In2006,thevalueofwoodenfurnitureexports
88
rose39%toUS$8.78billion,accountingfor32%ofthenationaltotalforestproductsvalueandcontinuingtorankfirstamongexportedforestproducts.MainexportmarketsincludedtheUSA(US$4172million,47.5%),HongKong(US$841million,9.6%),Japan(US$595million,6.8%),England(US$579million,6.6%),Canada(US$328million,3.7%),Australia(US$300million,3.4%)andSouthKorea(US$232million,2.6%)in2006(ChinaCustoms2006).Thetop10furnituremanufacturingandexportprovincesareGuangdong,Zhejiang,Jiangsu,Shanghai,Fujian,Shandong,Tianjin,Liaoning,BeijingandXinjiang(CNFA2007).
5MANAGEMENTOFFURNITURE
INDUSTRYINCHINA
Atnationallevel,thereisChinaNationalFurnitureAssociation(CNFA)locatedinBeijing,whichisanon-profitjuridicalassociationundertheStateLightIndustryAdministration(SLIA).Anumberofbranch
organizationsaresetupundertheAssociation,includingSolidWoodFurnitureSpecialCommittee,SofaSpecialCommittee,OfficeFurnitureSpecialCommittee,KitchenFurnitureSpecialCommitteeandDesignSpecialCommittee.
CNFAisatrans-sectorandtrans-regionalnationalassociationformedvoluntarilybyfurnitureindustryenterprisesdealingmainlywithfurnitureproduction,management,scientificresearch,guidanceaswellasconsultation.Actingasthebridgebetweenthegovernmentandmemberenterprises,theAssociationhastheobjectivetoprotectthecommoninterestofmemberenterprises,towholeheartedlyprovideserviceformemberenterprise,todeliverpolicy
informationtomemberenterprises,andtopromotethedevelopmentofthefurnitureindustry.
TheAssociationhas45branchassociationsattheprovincialorcityleveluptonow,suchasGuangdongFurnitureAssociationandLiaoningFurnitureAssociation.Inmainfurnituremanufacturebases,therearealsoFurnitureAssociationsatcity,countyortownshiplevel.Forexample,ShenzhenFurnitureAssociationwassetupin1986,withmorethan500enterprisesmembers.Throughholdingfurnitureexhibitionsandfairs,theseFurnitureAssociationsprovidemoremarketopportunitiesfortheirenterprises.
REFERENCES
ChinaNationalFurnitureAssociation(CNFA).2007.China
furnitureyearbook.Beijing
ChinaNationalFurnitureAssociation(CNFA).2006.China
furnitureyearbook.Beijing
ChinaNationalFurnitureAssociation(CNFA).2005.China
furnitureyearbook.Beijing
ChinaCustoms.2006-2007.Chinacustomsdata.
FurnitureForum.2008.Http://www.cnfa.com.cn.Last
accessedinJuly2008
MarketInformation.2008.Http://www.cnwood.org.Last
accessedinJuly2008.
StateForestryAdministration(SFA).2006.Chinaforestry
developmentreport.Beijing:ChinaForestryPublishingHouse.
StateStatisticBureau(SSB).2007.Chinastatisticyearbook.
Beijing:ChinaStatisticPress.
StateStatisticBureau(SSB).2006.Chinastatisticyearbook.
Beijing:ChinaStatisticPress.
Vol7No22008
Managingeditor:ChenJie
89
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容