英语阅读课翻译

Unit One

IV Translation

i

1.And medical researchers are beginning to understand the complex physiology

behind a simple truth women have believed for centuries: the smaller the waist, the better the life.

几个世纪以来，妇女们始终相信一条朴实的真理：腰越细，生活就越好—医学

研究者们如今正开始了解这一简单真理背后的生理机能。

2.Contrary to the notion that belly fat is a soft, inert tissue that nonchalantly sits on the waist, abdominal fat cells are actually little endocrine factories, producing hormones that send messages to many organs.

与腹部脂肪是位于腰部无所事事的惰性软组织这一观念相反，腹部脂肪实际上是一些小的内分泌工厂，会制造一些把信息传送给许多器官的激素。 3. It will be decades before medicine unravels the metabolic puzzle that is fat. In the meantime, doctors say the important action to take is to stop waist expansion. “We all need to slow down this process of becoming more applelike.” says Savard.

医学解开代谢之谜是脂肪的难题尚需数十年。医生们说，在此期间采取的主要行动是制止腰部变粗。萨瓦德说：“我们每个人都需要放慢让自己体形变得更像苹果的过程。体形实在不容忽视。”

ii

1.因特网是一个互动网络，客户在因特网上能发布消息、参加讨论、进行投票或

聊天。（release）

Internet is an interactive network on which the customers can release news, join

in discussion, and perform voting or even chatting.

2. 与我原先的想法相反的是，这家公司的气氛一点都不令人轻松愉快。（contrary to）

Contrary to what I had thought, the atmosphere of the multinational company was not easy and enjoyable at all.

3. 经过几天仔细的调查后，联邦调查局特工人员发现一切证据都表明他有谋杀罪。（point to）

After several days’ investigation, FBI agents found all the evidence pointed to his committing a murder.

4. 2004年，中国采取了大量放缓经济增速的措施，并对钢铁行业加以关注。（a rate of）

In 2004, the government introduced a raft of measures to slow the economy and paid special attention to the steel sector.

5. 我们的目的是探讨对大学生进行艾滋病教育的有效方式，为研究室和我国高校的艾滋病教育模式提供参考。（explore）

Our objective is to explore an effective way of AIDS education for college students, and to provide reference for AIDS education model in colleges in China.

全文翻译（一）

腹部的累赘

新的研究指出，腰围尺寸是更好的健康预报因素。 1. 你的腰带需要多扎1个—或三个—新孔吗？那个“肉肚”已使你系鞋带都困难了吗？衣服尺码又发生了什么变化？为什么腰部周围的一切都变得紧得要命？当你躺床在上屏住呼吸努力把拉链向上拉到尽头时，要是你发现自己在问这些问题，那咱们就都一样了。美国人的腰围正普遍在变粗—粗了很多。几个世纪以来，妇女们始终相信一条朴实的真理：腰越细，生活就越好—医学研究者们如今正开始了解这一简单真理背后的复杂的生理机能。

2．在过去的十年期间，一系列新的研究已表明，预言一个人的长期健康也许就同进行一次腰围测量一样简单。腰围周围赘满的脂肪已经与具有更大风险的心脏病、糖尿病、中风、高血压、呼吸系统、疾病、残疾、某些癌症以及更高的死亡率联系在一起。医学界曾经认为，引起严重疾病和早逝的是身体本身或体重指数。而不是脂肪位于身体什么部位。然而，最近对脂肪细胞奇妙之处的研究已经表明，并非所有脂肪都是相同的。身体中周围的脂肪大多是内脏脂肪，这是一种包在体内各个器官周围并分泌浓烈的体内化学物质的深层脂肪类型。就是这类脂肪会引起体内各种反应，导致动脉、器官、和细胞的变化，从而引发心脏病、糖尿病，还可能引发某些癌症。腹部脂肪越多，提前患这些病的风险就越大。哈佛大学布里厄姆妇女医院预防医学的领导人约安﹒曼森说：“体内脂肪分布是一个极为重要的变量，这一点变得越来越清晰了。因而腹部肥胖症是关键性的致病原因”。

3. 理想的外表。从某种程度上讲，人们的智慧和流行的文化反映这一倾向已经有几个世纪了。在美洲殖民地时代和边疆开拓时期，男人和女人的理想都是柳树般的细腰，当时食物供不应求，狩猎、采集和烹饪食物又需要大量的体力劳动，所以这种理想是比较容易达到的。维多利亚时创了“细腰体型”的时代，这种理想女性体形的观念已经延续了120多年，直到20世纪60年代才被“苗条的”体形所取代。当然，男孩子也想有细腰。许多深夜的电视商业广告片向男人们推销他们梦寐以求的“6块腹肌”或“搓板肚”。

4. 有一件事是肯定的：美国人的平均腰围正在变粗。事实上，他们的平均腰围从来没有比现在更粗。联邦卫生机构的调查表明，在过去40年中，男性腰围的平均尺寸已从35英寸增加到了39英寸；女性的则从30英寸增加到了37英寸。（美国）国家卫生研究院建议，所测腰围为37英寸或以上的男性和腰围大于31.5英寸的女性都要改变他们的生活方式以缩减他们的腰围，从而降低对健康产生的风险。将近39%的男性和60%的女性正承载着太多的腹部脂肪。

5. 腰部已增长到这么粗的一个理由也许是因为大多数美国人并未认识到腹部脂肪能有这么大的危害。据世界心脏联合会公布的“若干国家的体形现状报告”所说，10个美国人中就有6个尚未把腹部脂肪列为心脏病的首要危险治病因素。尽管大多数医生确实已知腹部脂肪、心脏病、糖尿病三者之间的联系，内科医生们却只给他们17%的病人测量腰围。

6. 然而，英国医学杂志《柳叶刀》发表的一项研究报告表明，在52个国家的约2.7万人中间，腰部尺寸与臀围的比率（所谓的腰臀比）会比任何其他身体测量（包括体重和体重指数）更准确地预报哪些男性和女性会得心肌梗塞。加拿大麦克马斯特大学的医学教授和这项研究报告的首席作者萨利姆•尤瑟夫说：“我认为腰臀比除了是肌肉和脂肪的比例是否平衡的一个信息窗口外，没有任何神秘之处。腰部周围没有大肌肉。”换句话说，那里全是多余的脂肪。

7. 高代价。因此，一点儿也不奇怪，简单的腰部测量（即使在儿童方面）也能准确地预告谁可能得代谢综合征。这种病不仅受腰围尺寸大小的影响，也为两种或更多种另外的有碍健康的因素：如高血压、有害健康的胆固醇、高甘油三酸酯或胰岛素阻抗等所影响。代谢综合征会显著加大得心脏病的风险并导致2型糖尿病的提早发生。

8. 较粗的腰也意味着较高的医疗费用。据《肥胖症研究》杂志上2002年的一项研究报告称，腰围41英寸的病人比32英寸的病人在年度医疗费方面每年都要多支出约2600美元。与腹部脂肪少的人相比，较粗的腰可导致下背疼痛、较严重的呼吸困难和持久性咳嗽。腰的尺码甚至可以预告谁将会在老年时产生洗澡、穿衣和行走的烦恼。匹兹堡大学的流行病学教授刘易斯•库勒说：“腰围远比简单地测量某人有多少体重更加重要。”这位教授研究腹部肥胖症和心脏病已有数十年之久了。

9. 与腹部脂肪是位于腰部无所事事的惰性软组织这一观念相反，腹部脂肪实际上是一些小的内分泌工厂，会制造一些把信息传送给许多器官的激素。曼森说：“这种位于的

脂肪在代谢方面是最活跃的。”她还说，腹部脂肪看来直接排入肝脏，而脂肪分解时所释放的物质可增加身体对胰岛素的耐受性。波士顿大学医学院教授和弗莱明汉姆心脏研究项目的前领导人威廉•坎奈尔说：“在我看来，已出现的一种观念是，腹部肥胖症会提升对胰岛素的耐受性，以致胰岛素水平升高，食欲增加，从而导致甘油三酸酯增多，使良性的高密度脂蛋白下降和提高对钠的吸收，于是血容积扩张，血压升高。”最终，这一连串情况的发生会导致葡萄糖耐受不良、糖尿病、高血压，以及加速发展的冠心病。

10. 只有到了今天，人们才开始探索脂肪分布和性激素之间的联系。曼森说：苹果体形“往往与女性具有较高的雄性激素水平有关，而这可能是男性和女性倾向于有不同的体内脂肪分布的理由之一。”男性天然地比女性有更多的雄性激素，也比女性更经常地把脂肪积存在他们的腰部。虽然激素在脂肪分布中所起的作用尚未弄清，但是许多女性在绝经期腰部发胖可能就是由于雄性激素和雌性激素相对水平的改变。然而，曼森说，激素替补疗法的临床试验并没有表明绝经后的女性服药后腰部尺码会有明显减小。

11. 苹果体形与梨状体形相比。相对而言，梨形或细腰形的身材可能与较高的雌性激素水平和较高的生育力有关联。对波兰妇女的一项研究显示，胸大、腰细、臀宽的女性的雌激素水平比更具苹果体形的女性要高，曼森说：“可能那就是和生育成功的可能性较高有关的一种脂肪分布模式（细腰形），而且这种模式是在女性进化期间就被择选下来的。”

12. 最近的一些研究也显示，臀部和大腿的脂肪——梨状体形的人们所共有——确实可以为预防心血管病提供某些独特的保护。正在研究体形健康效应的费城内科医生师玛丽•萨瓦德说：“臀部脂肪肯定会起保护作用。”她指出，2004年丹麦对将近3000名男性和女性进行的一项研究表明，较大的臀围减少了妇女中的心血管病和死亡，但是对男人们却无积极效应。与此相似，《内科医学档案》中的一篇报道称，对3000名年纪较大的成年人的研究证实了，不仅腹部脂肪会导致代谢综合征，而且小腿和大腿的脂肪——不分男女——与代谢综合征较少流行和较少的心脏病有关。

13. 但是，并非所有研究人员都同意臀部脂肪是有益的，而且即使有益，仍然无人知晓其原因。有一种理论是，臀部和大腿脂肪可能起代谢库的作用——贮存有害的血液脂肪，否则这种脂肪就会循环到全身。或者可能是，臀部、大腿和小腿的脂肪也许恰好表明一个人具有遗传的梨状体形，而且往往很少会拥有像让更多苹果体形的人们苦恼的那种肉肚。然而，身体较低部位的脂肪越多一般意味着明显导致心脏病和糖尿病更高风险的脂肪就越多。

14. 医学解开代谢之谜是脂肪的难题尚需数十年。医生们说，在此期间采取的主要行动是制止腰部变粗。萨瓦德说：“我们每个人都需要放慢让自己体形变得更像苹果的过程。体形实在不容忽视。”

词汇

1. Has that “spare tire” made it hard to tie your shoes? (Para 1): Is it difficult for you to bend down to tie your shoes because of the fat on your waist.?

2. Americans’ collective waistline is expanding a lot. (Para 1): American, as a whole, their waistline is becoming much bigger, that is, they are becoming very fat.

Collective: of or shared by a number of people Examples:

The collective opinion of the governments of Western Europe We all bear collective responsibility for this decision.

3. mortality (Para 2): the ratio of deaths in an area to the population of that area Examples:

So, they started to do collecting of data on mortality and they developed something called actuarial science, which is estimating the probability of people living.

The researchers noted a big change in the list of countries with the lowest adult mortality over the past forty years.

4. a raft of (Para 2): a large number or amount or extent Examples:

There are a raft of students rushing into the cinema for the famous movie. A raft of evidence proved that he was the real criminal of this murder case. 5. The medical community once believed that it was weight itself or the body mass index that led to serious illness and earlier death, not where fat is located on the body. (Para 2): In the past, the medical community thought that the possible cause of some serious illness if the overweight not the location of the extra-weight. Be located：set in a certain place Examples:

The house is located by the river.

The offices are conveniently located in the centre of the city. 6. obesity (Para 2): more than average fatness Examples:

As a scourge of the modern world, obesity has an image problem

Public health researchers say it is largely the result of increases in obesity, smoking and high blood pressure. 7. culprit (Para 2): Examples:

(1) the source or cause of a problem

The police followed home the clue and finally caught the culprit . (2) someone who perpetrates wrongdoing Examples:

To start, you have to know what you are looking at and where to find the basic elements to help you find the culprit.

8. set off (Para 2): to begin a journey; to cause a sudden action; to cause to explode Examples:;

He proposed to set off immediately.

She had stopped crying but his shouting set her off again.

If uncontrolled, the shortage would set off a new rise in meat prices. Be careful that you don't set the fireworks off by mistake. 9. willowy (Para 3): slender and graceful Examples:

Then did I realize : willowy elegant image on TV is actually that painful to watch in reality．

Rhoda's willowy figure , modish straw hat , and fuchsia gloves and shoes surprised Janice .

10 .The Victorian period ushered in the era of the “hourglass figure,” which remained the ideal female form for more than 120 years, until it was supplanted by the “Twiggy” look of the 1960s.(Para 3): Usher into: to bring, esp. by showing the way; Examples:

She ushered the visitor into the room.

The bombing of Hiroshima ushered in the nuclear age.

Be supplanted by: to be taken the place of , often unfairly or improperly Examples:

She has been supplanted in her aunt’s affection by her brother.

11. Many a late-night infomercial sells the dream of “six-pack abs” or a “washboard stomach” to men. (Para 3):

12. hazardous (Para 5): involving risk or danger Examples:

Dr. Helfand said that scientists today are tracking large space rocks that are potentially hazardous.

This includes identification of any hazardous products, evaluation of the general atmosphere around/within the structure, and periodic reviews.

13. And while a majority of doctors did know of the link between belly fat, heart disease, and diabetes, physicians measure waist circumferences of only 17 percent of their patients. (Para 5): Although most doctors knew the close relation between waist fat and lots of diseases, yet in fact only few patients’ waist circumferences are measured. Here indicates doctors didn't pay enough attention to the waist fat problem.

14. onset (Para 7): the beginning or early stages Examples:

At its onset, the turmoil in financial markets was described as a liquidity crisis. In the traditional societies of Africa, the onset of puberty marked the change from child to adult.

15. abdominal (Para 8): of or relating to or near the abdomen Examples:

Enteric diseases are diseases that affect the gut and other abdominal organs such as the liver.

In people, the drug can cause adverse reactions including abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, headaches, nausea and vomiting

16. nonchalantly (Para 9): in a composed and unconcerned manner Examples:

One more cobra emerged from a pond where village women washed their pots and nonchalantly made its way under a nearby house.

As one insider rather nonchalantly puts it, it is a symptom of bigger underlying problems, rather than the problem itself. 17. break down (Para 9): decompose

Examples:

Similarly, when cells starve they, too, break down parts of themselves to maintain their essential activities

But this protein was not shown to break down easily in the human stomach. 18. Ultimately, this cascade of events leads to glucose intolerance, diabetes, hypertension, and accelerated development of coronary heart disease. (Para 9): Finally, such series of events lead to glucose intolerance, diabetes, and hypertension and accelerate the development of coronary heart disease. 19. accumulate (Para10): collector gather Examples:

What the young researchers spotted is that these effects accumulate when light travels a long distance.

The failure is a fortune for the entrepreneur, only some small failures can accumulate some other big successes

20 …lose their waist… (Para 10): …their waistlines are becoming much bigger… . 21. internist (Para 12):a specialist in internal medicine Examples:

I persuaded her to see her internist, and I called to let him know my concerns. My mother often recounts a story about me following around my father, our small town's internist, on a certain home visit. 22. point to (Para12) (1)point out Examples:

Environmentalists point to the alarming statistic that coral reefs are declining five times faster than the rainforests.

But as many market participants point out, there has never been equal access to information in the markets. (2) indicate

Educators were uncertain how to explain the flat results, and some said they

don't point to a trend.

23. …and less inclined to gain the spare tire that plagues the more apple shaped. (Para10): and less easy to get more abdominal fat that troubles the more apple shaped.

24. unravel (Para14): Examples:

（1) become or cause to become undone by separating the fibers or threads of (2) disentangle, clear up Examples:

There many billions of cells are interconnected in vastly complicated network that we can't begin to unravel as yet.

Unit Two

IV. Translation

i.

1. Still, perhaps mindful that during his campaign he faced doubts about his

readiness to lead in a time of war, Obama was careful to balance his pledge to use diplomacy and cooperation in dealing with the rest of the world with steely words of resolve.

也许奥巴马还记得在竞选中他所面临的对其是否具备战时领导力的质疑，于是他

刻意寻求平衡———既誓言和世界其他国家打交道时使用外交手段与合作，也放出了几句坚定的狠话。

2. It is far too early to know to what degree Obama’s presidency will result in a

rollback of the conservative era or the beginning of a new progressive era. But his aspirations are among the largest of any president since Lyndon B. Johnson, and he seems undaunted by that fact.

现在要了解奥巴马总统任期将在多大程度上导致保守主义时代的回归，或新的

进步时代的开启还为时尚早。但自林登·B.约翰逊以来，没有哪位总统比他的抱负更大，他也似乎并不避讳这一点。

3.Obama campaigned on a promise to turn the page on the politics of the past, from

the gridlocked debates that have consumed Washington to the ideological polarization that has so soured the public.

奥巴马在竞选期间承诺将翻过“过去的政治”这一页，即从令华盛顿筋疲力尽

的僵持不下的争论，到令公众大为失望的意识形态的两极分化。

ii.

1.我们要大胆吸收和借鉴人类社会包括资本主义社会创造的一切文明成果，结合

新的实践，进行新的创造，为我所用。（draw upon）

We should boldly absorb and draw upon all the achievements of the human society,

including those of the capitalist countries, build on them and make innovations. 2.有些已超出人能力的大事，在忍受罪恶和痛苦的侵袭时，人的心灵需要勇气和

刚毅的力量来坚定自己。 （beyond one’s ability）

In one's mind, he or she needs the power of fortitude to strengthen oneself as one is

confronted with something beyond his ability and suffering from sins and pains. 3.体育运动学校的目标和任务是向优秀运动队选拔、培养、输送体育后备人才。

（infuse）

The sports schools target and task is to select, bring up, and infuse some reserve

sports players to excellent sports teams.

4.我们每个人都不难在克莱德（Clyde）身上找到自己的影子，包括对成功名利、

金钱甚至美女的渴望。（aspiration）

It is not difficult for us to find ourselves on Clyde. Including aspiration of success,

fame, money and even beauty.

5.在日常生活的纷扰中，人很容易想到消极的事情，忽略掉真正重要的东西。

（tumult）

In the tumult of everyday life, it's very easy to focus on the negative and to lose

sight of what really matters.

全文翻译（二）

奥巴马表明需与过去彻底决裂

1. 仅仅是举手进行就职宣誓，奥巴马总统在昨天就创造了历史。但无论是

从他对华盛顿街头聚集的众人发表的就职演说，还是白宫观礼台上形色不同的面孔，他都表明他的总统任期可能会给这个面临历史性重大困难的国家带来更广泛的变革。

2. 过去很少有哪位美国总统在这样一种看来矛盾的心态下就职。在“大萧条”以来最严重的经济衰退的打击下，美国人对国家的前途和自身的安康都深感悲观。伊拉克战争耗尽了公众的耐心，阿富汗战争和中东冲突考验着最精明的领导人。

3. 奥巴马沉郁的演说——以及他对全国人民团结起来的敦促——是与演说的时间背景相契合的。“今天我告诉你们，我们面临的挑战是真实存在的，”总统讲道。“挑战很多，也很严峻，难以在短期内轻松化解。但是美利坚，请记住这句话：挑战是会被征服的。”

4. 但在一个充满疑惑和绝望的时期，在股市再度暴跌的一天，奥巴马的就职典礼展示了这个民族当下心态的另一面，即对这位相对而言未经考验的、年轻的新总统所寄予的希望和自信。

5. 奥巴马在国会大厦西侧的露天平台上发表的讲话既针对迷惘心态，也针对乐观心态。他面对国会大厦前的草地上、街角边和教堂里的张张面孔以及全国各地千家万户发表演说。他说：“今天我们汇聚于此，因为我们选择了希望，而非恐惧，选择了万众一心，而非冲突与争执。”

6. 这一天处处书写了历史，见证了第一位非洲裔美国总统就职，以及一代人的更迭——从20 年来引领着美国的婴儿潮一代，到与20 世纪60 年代动荡无关的领导人，还见证了民主党人重掌国会和白宫。

7. 再显然不过，昨天的一系列活动表明，奥巴马的总统任期标志着与乔治·W.布什任期的分道扬镳。新总统并不讳言他们之间的分歧。奥巴马谈及伊拉克战争要转变方向，以及“在我们的安全和理想之间作出的错误的选择。”最后几句话则针对上届在公民自由和严酷的刑讯手段方面的立场。鉴于布什在国外不受欢迎，最为突出的一点是，奥巴马对正热切专注着的世界宣布，“我们为重新领导世界做好了准备。”

8. 也许奥巴马还记得在竞选中他所面临的对其是否具备战时领导力的质疑，于是他刻意寻求平衡——既誓言和世界其他国家打交道时使用外交手段与合

作，也放出了几句坚定的狠话。针对那些执意要伤害美国的人，他说：“我们的意志更加坚定且坚不可摧。你们的日子不会比我们更长久，我们会战胜你们。”

9. 种种事件和奥巴马的政治主张显示，其总统任期将带来更为重大的转变——从保守治国时代过渡到华盛顿在美国的日常生活中具有更主导作用的时代。

10. 28年前，罗纳德·里根曾以其在首次总统就职演说中宣布“不是解决问题的灵药”而闻名。昨天，奥巴马说：“我们今天提出的问题并非我们的是太大还是太小，而是它是否行之有效。”

11. 由于经济危机，和经济之间的关系在奥巴马就职之前就发生了变化。奥巴马暗示他可能会加速这些变化。他说，问题不在于自由市场是一种向善或为恶的力量，而在于它们在没有更强有力的监管的情况下能否为全体美国人谋利益。在问这个问题的同时，他提供的答案也将成为制定者的指导方针。

12. 现在要了解奥巴马总统任期将在多大程度上导致保守主义时代的回归，或新的进步时代的开启还为时尚早。但自林登·B.约翰逊以来，没有哪位总统比他的抱负更大，他也似乎并不避讳这一点。“有人质疑我们的雄心壮志——他们说我们的不能承受太多的宏伟蓝图，”他说，“他们的记忆太差，因为他们忘记了这个国家已经取得的成就，忘记了当共同的目标伴以创意加之必要的勇气，自由的民众就能如愿以偿。”

13. 奥巴马的计划除了用于消除，恢复美国陷入危机的银行系统的7000亿美元外，还包括8000 亿美元的一揽子经济刺激计划。为了救治美国经济，他很可能会积欠下创纪录的赤字。

14. 奥巴马还打算重新规范金融业。从根本上重新制定美国的能源，以减少对外国石油的依赖。但自理查德·M.尼克松以来，历任总统都没能做到这一点。此外，他还支持对医疗保健体系进行广泛的改革，扩大保险范围，降低支出。这也同样是此前历任总统和国会所无力做到的。

15. 奥巴马在竞选期间承诺将翻过“过去的政治”这一页，即从令华盛顿筋疲力尽的僵持不下的争论，到令公众大为失望的意识形态的两极分化。“我们今天在这里宣告，让斤斤计较的抱怨与虚假承诺就此结束，让窒息我国政治为时太久的相互指责和陈腐教条就此完结。”他说。

16. 但凭着这种惯有的自信，奥巴马试图将自己置于一个不同时代的高地

上。他说：“那些冷眼旁观的人没有认识到他们脚下的大地已经改变，那些长期以来空耗我们精力的陈腐政治观点已然过时。”

17. 在奥巴马的总统任期开始之际，他有两样财富可资利用。人民相信他在11 月赢得了他们的授权，愿意给予他信任，让他定调、决策。同时，人们对他施政有着很大的耐心。公众认识到目前的问题极为复杂，不期望出现奇迹或者一蹴而就。

18. 但未来几个月内可能发生的变化，取决于经济对一揽子刺激计划有何反应，以及奥巴马处理国际难题的稳健程度。从他昨天的言行看，他表明了希望抓住这个历史机遇，而不是逃避。要取得成功，他需要运用在竞选中展示出的全部能力，再加上一点儿运气。

词汇

1. inaugural (Para..1): occurring at or characteristic of a formal investiture or induction. Examples:

When he started inaugural address as majority leader , his fellow senators at first did not notice and carried on chatting.

In his inaugural address, Thomas Jefferson warned of entangling alliances .

2. reviewing stand (Para.1): a stand from which a parade or military force can be reviewed Examples:

The soldiers marched by the reviewing stand .

Michelle and her daughters watch George W. Bush take his place on the reviewing stand.

3. Rarely has a president come into office with the public in such a seemingly conflicted mood. (Para. 2): The past few years seldom witnessed a president take office in such an obviously contradictory mood

4. Great Depression (Para.2): the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s; a period during the 1930s when there was a worldwide economic depression and mass unemployment Examples:

He recalled the effect of the Great Depression in Boston .

Especially in the US , the Great Depression is usually identified with the stock market crash of 1929 .

5. Tax (Para.2): levy a tax on; set or determine the amount of (a payment such as a fine) Examples:

The State taxes alcohol heavily. you are taxing my patience.

6. shrewd (Para.2): marked by practical hardheaded intelligence; used of persons Examples:

My boss is such a shrewd businessman everyone admires him . I became very rich by making some shrewd investments .

7. somber (Para.3): grave or even gloomy in character; lacking brightness or color; Dull.

Examples:

He was sad , and his thought about future was very somber .

As part of the somber ceremony , President Bush is visiting both areas today.

8. exhortation (Para.3): a communication intended to urge or persuade the recipients to take

some action；the act of exhorting; an earnest attempt at persuasion Examples:

He accompanied me , however , not lost one moment in continuing his exhortation . This is the feeblest exhortation I have ever heard.

9. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time.(Para.3): The challenges will not be overcome easily or in the near future. 10. plummet (Para.3): drop sharply Examples:

If many investors sell , sellers will outnumber buyers , and the price of the stock will plummet . They know that stocks will continue to plummet and any relief will be temporary .

11. History infused every aspect of the day, which saw the first African American president take office, as well as a generational shift. (Para.6): This day started a new chapter in history, which witnessed the first African American president take office, and the change of generation.

12. tumult (Para.6): a state of commotion and noise and confusion；violent agitation; the act of making a noisy; some abrupt occurrence that interrupts an ongoing activity；an unexpected piece of good luck；a personal or social separation (as between opposing factions) Examples:

Many wealthy people in such countries deposit money abroad because they fear tumult , or a grasping government , at home .

Analysts foresee tumult in the stock market .

13. …yesterday’s activities confirmed that Obama’s presidency will mark a sharp break from that of George W. Bush. (Para.7): a series of activities yesterday indicated that Obama’s presidency will be quiet different from that of George W. Bush.

14. interrogation (Para.7): a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply Examples:

Your two prime suspects are in the interrogation room. The suspect is marched to the police station interrogation .

15. confluence (Para.9): a flowing together; a coming together of people Examples:

The report says it is usually confluence of several positive factors .

This is where the confluence of the economic and budgetary crises creates an opportunity .

16. The confluence of events and Obama’s politics suggest that his presidency could bring a more momentous shift. (Para.9): Various events and Obama's political views show that his presidency will bring more substantial changes.

17. It is far too early to know to what degree Obama’s presidency will result in a rollback of the conservative era or the beginning of a new progressive era. (Para.12): It is still too early to understand the extent to which Obama’s presidency would lead to the return of conservative era or the opening of a new progressive era.

18. aspiration (Para.12): a will to succeed；a cherished desire Examples:

The large gap between aspiration and reality eventually broke his spirit .

To create a refreshing and quiet environment for mankind is our common aspiration !

19. undaunted (Para.12): unshaken in purpose；resolutely courageous Undaunted by his first setback , he decide to try once more .

Undaunted , the couple spent two weeks re converting the office into a bedroom and applied to another lender .

So I will believe in myself , undaunted in my beliefs and keep working harder . 20. on top of (Para.13): in addition to Examples:

To stay in business , Chrysler asked for $5 billion on top of its existing $4 billion loan . This is on top of the regular job and means Telepresence meetings at all hours . 21. imperil (Para.13): pose a threat to; present a danger to Violence and military attacks will imperil peace .

Failure to do so could imperil the world 's future capacity to feed its people .

22. run up (Para.13): a substantial increase over a relatively short period of time；the approach run during which an athlete gathers speed I run up quite a bill at your tailor shop today .

She had run up a huge phone bill during the course of the relationship . Every year the old man would run up a score in this shop .

23. elude (Para.14): be incomprehensible to; escape understanding by Examples:

The two men managed to elude the police for six weeks .

One must live with time and die with it, or elude it for a greater life .

24. That, too, is an objective that has proved beyond the capabilities of previous presidents and Congresses. (Para.14): That is also unable to be done by previous presidents and Congresses. 25. Obama campaigned on a promise to turn the page on the politics of the past. (Para.15): During the campaign, Obama promised to turn the page of the past politics.

26. gridlock (Para.15): a situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible Examples:

The risk then is that a continuation of political gridlock would stop further economic reforms in Germany .

With both sides seeking maximum advantage , gridlock is a distinct possibility .

27. polarization (Para.15): the phenomenon in which waves of light or other radiation are restricted in direction of vibration; the condition of having or giving polarity Examples:

The world is moving further toward multi-polarization and economic globalization .

That is why our policy will not lead to polarization , to a situation where the rich get richer while

the poor get poorer .

28. grievance (Para.15): a resentment strong enough to justify retaliation Examples:

White , in his new capacity, was anxious to exploit his grievance against Golconda . Manager promises he will look into the grievance of the office staff .

He grumbled all the way home that this was enough grievance for a divorce . 29. recrimination (Para.15): mutual accusations

I still want to run from risk and recrimination , but I keep my feet firmly planted.

Although responsibility for the accident plainly lies with BP , a slick of recrimination now laps around the White House too .

But if they are allowed to destroy the conference in a blaze of recrimination , the only victors will be Iran and North Korea .

30. worn-out (Para.15): used until no longer useful；drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted Examples:

The challenges we face require tough choices , and Democrats as well as Republicans will need to cast off the worn -out ideas and politics of the past .

They also have a rule about worn -out clothes , which ensures they continue to dress alike regardless of the circumstances .

31. strangle (Para.15): kill by squeezing the throat of so as to cut off the air Examples:

Another point of view is that higher commodity prices may not signal recovery so much as strangle it at birth.

Perhaps he had had a love affair in early life which he had to strangle -perhaps all early love affairs ought to be strangled .

32. cynic (Para.16): someone who is critical of the motives of others Examples:

That is a woman that is not to joke about . Not even by a cynic like you . Roberts is a cynic ; he won't accept anything or anyone on face value. While cynic say what cosmeticians sell us is hope in a jar .

33. …that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. (Para.16): that the outdated political arguments will not be applied any longer after they have wasted so much time and energy.

34. draw upon (Para.17): take or use as a source Examples:

Older people are better at solving problems , because they have more mental information to draw upon than younger people do.

We are ready to assimilate and draw upon the science and technology and managerial experience that are useful to us .

35. mandate (Para.17): a document giving an official instruction or command Examples:

On the domestic front , say his advisers , Mr Sarkozy intends to use the five- mandate in three phases .

China said before that it would not take part in peace-keeping in Afghanistan without UN

mandate .

36. …he governs with a reservoir of patience. (Para.17):...people have a lot of patience of his policy.

37. demeanor (Para.18): behavioral attributes; the way a person behaves toward other people Examples:

It is through the daily cultivation of tolerance and humility that we become refined in demeanor and conduct.

Such a healthy state also gives us a much more relaxed demeanor in dealing with other people . 38. shrink from (Para.18): avoid (one's assigned duties) Examples:

Life 's perhaps the only riddle that we shrink from giving up .

When faced with crisis , we did not shrink from our challenge - we overcame it .

Unit Three

IV. Translation

i.

1. There were Hollywood actors and a famous Brazilian model. There were throngs of men splashed with too much cologne, and other women with collagen-in-flated lips teetering in heels on freshly laid gravel.

这儿有好莱坞的演员和一个著名的巴西模特。这儿有一群群身上喷了太多科隆香水的男人，还有另外一些涂着浓厚唇彩、穿着高跟鞋在刚铺好的卵石路上摇摇摆摆走着的女人们。

2. Later more and more rooftop parties have gone commercial. The opening of a bar and garden on the roof of the Hotel Gansevoort in the meatpacking district a year ago, and also the Cabanas at the Maritime Hotel in Chelsea, seems to have jump-started the trend.

近年来，越来越多的屋顶聚会已变得商业化了。一年前，在肉品市场的甘思富酒店屋顶酒吧花园的开张，以及在切尔西区的海事酒店的卡巴纳斯，似乎都对这一趋势有推波助澜的作用。

3. Mr. Diamond eyed a group of young women, with flawlessly blown-out hair and shiny purses, drinking at the table next to them. “Fresh air makes people, er, women more proactive.” He said. “Like, let’s have a few more drinks.”

戴蒙德先生看着在他们旁边一张桌子喝酒的一群年轻女子，他们的头发吹得很蓬松，手提包闪闪发光。“清新空气使人们——呃，女人们——更主动，”他说，“就好像在说，咱们再喝几杯吧。”

ii

1.在处理这件重大事情上如果我们丧失警惕性，那一定就会上大当，吃大亏。

（drop our guard）

If we drop our guard in dealing with the great things, we shall be badly fooled and

shall suffer severely.

2. 毫无疑问，只要是真正内行的人都会对这部电影会获得奥斯卡奖充满信心。（in the know）

There is no doubt that people who are really in the know are sure the film will win an Oscar.

3.有的小鸟在天空中尽情翱翔，有的在和其他小鸟在清澈的湖面上游戏，还有的在冰凉的水利捕捉小虫子，真是可爱！（hover）

Some birds were hovering in the sky, some were playing, some were also catching small insect with other birds, and it was really lovable!

4.一些专家说，现在最主要的问题是需要更多的救助来启动电动汽车业。（jump-start）

Some experts say the main problem now is that additional government aid is needed to jump-start an electric-car industry.

5.每年的这个时候很多观光客搭乘直升机欣赏大峡谷令人叹为观止的美景。（breathtaking）

At the time of every year, many tourists take a helicopter ride to appreciate the breathtaking beauty of the Grand Canyon.

全文翻译（三）

楼顶上的浮华生活

你想快速远离紧张的生活吗?那就到曼哈顿的楼顶上去玩玩吧。

1. 这儿有好莱坞的演员和一个著名的巴西模特。这儿有一群群身上喷了太多科隆香水的男人，还有另外一些涂着浓厚唇彩、穿着高跟鞋在刚铺好的卵石路上摇摇摆摆走着的女人们。这个位于曼哈顿西27街一个屋顶上叫做“格鲁弗戴克”的新露天休闲吧开业场面上的气氛拉开了序幕，接下来就是一部电影首映后举行的持续至深夜、长达数小时、人人喝得醉醺醺的晚会。

2.“这样的聚会不太符合我的口味，”一个名叫塔琳•曼宁的演员一边说，一边扭扭捏捏地凑近她的那群女友，好像她们是救生筏似的。“但是我的宾馆房间太热了，我只是想到外面透 透气。”

3. 萨布里娜•胡尔斯，25岁，是一个来自德国的福特公司汽车模特，待在这样一个距离街面7层楼高的俱乐部里，她似乎感到自在得多。在这里可以看到帝国大厦，并排摆放的16张大床，上面铺着结实的床单，不怕扎也不怕洒上饮料。“这里简直太令人心旷神怡了。”胡尔斯女士说。她和其他几个模特一起坐在床上，旁边放着几瓶免费赠送的冰伏特加酒和香槟。“我喜欢这里所有的灯光和新鲜空气。”她非常激动地说，“我想赤身裸体。”

4. 啊！夏日的屋顶聚会，无论是在第五大道上装饰着经过精心修剪的灌木的屋顶平台，还是切尔西区的一片沥青屋顶——用韦伯烤架和一串圣诞节留下的节日彩灯奇迹般地改造成了一个实行平等主义的楼顶棚屋——都是纽约社交活动中的乐事之一。在一个有着太多人口却没有足够放在院子里的柚子家具的垂直型城市中，一次屋顶聚会总会给人高级生活的感觉，就像是星空下的避风港，会使人感到不再那么受约束，会让谨小慎微的城市居民丧失戒备之心。

5. “屋顶就像是纽约人的后花园。”穿着同样衣服的服装设计师兼音乐节目主持人、名为安德鲁•安德鲁的二人组合中的一个人说道。他们是在莱克星顿大道上舍尔本•墨里山酒店屋顶一个叫做“奇景”的酒吧里，上个月的一个星期一，他们在这里举办了每月一次的巡回聚会。“多数人家都没有院子，即使真的有，也大都很简陋。”这位安德鲁说，“上到这儿来，感觉好像不会受到下面街道上所有那些令人不愉快的事情的侵扰，感到安全。”

6. 埃里克••扎贾奇科夫斯基，38岁，在布鲁克林区威廉斯堡经营着一家由仓库改造的兼作表演场地的画廊，他喜欢有着邋遢和危险气氛的屋顶聚会。他每个月举办两次这样的聚会；他不想透露他的聚会地点，因为他认为这样的聚会可能是不合法的。大约250位艺术界人士参加聚会，大家一边狂饮啤酒一边欣赏现场演奏的乐曲。

7. “这就像是一个对外开放的私人聚会。” 扎贾奇科夫斯基先生说，“聚会不排外，因为任何人都可以来，但是你必须经熟悉内情的人指点。这样比完全摸不着门的人保险，因为他们能够一路摸索找到这里的事实，已使他们成为这里的一员。”

8. 扎贾奇科夫斯基先生通过群发电子邮件来通知大家聚会的消息。聚会地的摆设很简陋：一个烧烤架、音响设备和防护栏。“人们就坐在地上，看着工业城市中所有那些很酷的东西，如水塔、烟囱、桥和管道。”他说，“这很让人惊叹，同时还会有种不合法的神秘感。”

9. 几十年来，纽约的屋顶一直都是夏日激情的象征——逃离、刺激和热烈的浪漫。《西区故事》中的演员在曼哈顿区公寓屋顶上伴着《阿美利加》曲子起舞。在1935年的一个名为《隔着桌子握手》的荒诞喜剧中，卡洛••隆巴德饰演的修甲师，在一次浪漫的屋顶聚餐中爱上了弗莱德••麦克默里扮演的运气不佳的。尽管两人结婚的目的都是为了钱，但当他们将沙发垫搬到“沥青海滩”上、互相依偎在一起之时，他们意识到他们是天生一对。

10. 近年来，越来越多的屋顶聚会已变得商业化了。一年前，在肉品市场的甘思富酒店屋顶酒吧花园的开张，以及在切尔西区的海事酒店的卡巴纳斯，似乎都对这一趋势有推波助澜的作用。今年夏天，人们看到“格鲁弗戴克”的开业，从B.E.D.夜总会再向上走一段楼梯就到那里了，内部楼梯有一名保安保守；还有“本地西部”，一个在2层的屋顶平台的健身吧，位于麦迪逊广场花园对面的西33街，类似一个工作之余可以去休闲畅饮的好去处。位于市中心区的图书馆酒店向公众开放它14层上的屋顶平台，由玫瑰丛和有窥视孔的哥特式石墙装饰而成。

11. 在下百老汇，狄塞尔服装公司隔周星期六都举办叫“潜水酒馆”的屋顶聚会。一间位于12层楼顶的棚屋，有草坪和由身材健美的男救生员看管的游泳

池。狄塞尔以自我推广的名义，已经给300名公司认为有影响的人物——杂志编辑、流行音乐节目主持人和各类景观设计师——派送了会员卡。卡上的广告词都有着都市情调：“我们知道，我们知道，纽约到处都是私人室外游泳池露台，尤其是那些位于富丽堂皇的楼顶棚屋——配有精雕细琢的户外花园和阳光沐浴下的游泳池——之上的游泳池露台。似乎每个角落几乎都有一个。但我们狄塞尔的同仁认为，总是还有再开一个屋顶聚会的空间。”

12. 对于安德鲁••安德鲁来说，在Google上搜索纽约城里的“最美景色”帮助二人为他们最近的聚会选中了“奇景”这个地方。其中一个安德鲁说：“我们当时说：‘哇！我们从未听说过这个地方，酷！’”

13. 在酒店大厅，一个身穿黑色衣服的大块头保安站在包裹着丝绒的绳索围栏边。但既没有长队也没有宾客名单。那些打着宽领带穿着高档运动鞋的时髦人物——安德鲁•安德鲁的客人们——漫步走进来了，咯咯地笑着。在屋顶上，两位主办人（他们没有跟管理层提过聚会的事）接待着大约30位朋友。安德鲁•安德鲁都穿着很搭调的泡泡纱运动夹克衫和鲜黄绿色的裤子，带领着客人玩猜字游戏，而一些来观光的家庭则坐在长木椅上看日落。”

14.“这才是真正的纽约。”其中一位安德鲁说，对于穿着并不时髦的那群人感到兴奋，“我们喜欢那些平常得似乎超现实的东西。”

15.说到超现实，从另一种意义上说，另一个晚上在甘思富酒店的聚会也是如此。人们排着队逶迤穿过街区等待着挤入电梯，然后直奔13层上的屋顶酒吧。汽车里大声播放着“50美分”演唱的歌曲，缓慢地开向酒店，卸下一群群男人；而来自日本的女人则挤在一起捏着数码相机给她们自己拍照。经营酒吧的史蒂文•格林伯格说：“我们试图通过播放躁动的20世纪80年代音乐和一杯啤酒要价9美元来控制人数。”但并不凑效。

16.在屋顶西侧是一个很大露天平台和主酒吧间，这里就像是春假季节的坎昆。但是，来这里的不是大学生，而是观光者、酒醉的单身女子，还有年轻的专业人士。喇叭里轻快地播放着B-52乐队演奏的《摇滚龙虾》。

17. 在稍有些安静的背面平台上有两个英国人，24岁的保罗•戴蒙德和25的马修•布拉瓦，正啜饮着苹果马丁尼酒。“我知道这样可能有点娘们儿气，但我们正在做一个关于美国妇女的电视真人秀的调查研究，”布拉瓦先生一本正经地

说，“我们必须得了解我们的研究对象。”

18. 戴蒙德先生看着在他们旁边一张桌子喝酒的一群年轻女子，他们的头发吹得很蓬松，手提包闪闪发光。“清新空气使人们——呃，女人们——更主动，”他说，“就好像在说，咱们再喝几杯吧。”

19. 一个穿着带有流苏的淡紫色颈部系带的时髦露背装的女子将她的数码相机递给戴蒙德先生，请他为她们拍合照。僵局被打破了，然后他肆无忌惮地调情，融入到她们的圈子当中。“瞧，”布拉瓦先生耸耸肩说，“我告诉你，那就是新鲜空气的魔力。”

20. 如果说甘思富酒店的屋顶聚会远近闻名，而且接待大多数足够耐心排队等待的人，那么，私人屋顶平台的密友聚会也许是夏日最受欢迎的邀请。主办人知道，即使在客人的社交活动日程表已经排满的情况下，也很愿意回复请柬来参加这样的屋顶聚会。

21. “要在我们屋顶平台上举行聚会的消息已经散布出去了，”做人才经理的蒂娜•索尔说，她和女演员派珀•佩拉博同住下东区一所位于第5层的公寓（有着800平安英尺的屋顶）。“这肯定使人们对过来参加聚会更有热情，我们上次晚宴邀请了15人，结果来了60人。”

22. 很多客人都不愿意离开，这里点缀着山茱萸和苹果木，以及供人们喝马丁尼酒时摘取的盆栽紫苏和薄荷。围绕着两个火塘支起了几把太阳椅，坐在上面可以清楚看到克莱斯勒公司大楼。

23.“日落左右聚会就开始了，通常开到凌晨3、4点，”索尔女士说，“总会有几个迟迟不走的人。但是，屋顶聚会的好处之一是，我可以去睡觉而不必管他们。”

词汇

1. throng ( Para.1): large gathering of people Examples:

With sales accelerating at such a rate, surely there is enough growth to sustain China's throng of manufacturers?

Visitors are astonished by the scale and pace of its growth: shopping malls, expressways and a throng of skyscrapers, including one that looks like the Chrysler building.

2. teeter ( Para.1): move unsteadily Examples:

The state budget is still in surplus even as California and New York teeter on the edge of bankruptcy. Seagulls teeter on the parapet in front of her, boats go by. Seagulls teeter on the parapet in front of her, boats go by. 3. vibe ( Para.1): distinctive emotional atmosphere Examples:

This vibrant city hosts two universities, the students of which certainly contribute to the strong vibe and dynamic profile of Galway. has more of an atmosphere and a happy vibe.

4. hover ( Para.2): hang in the air; fly or be suspended above; move to and fro Examples:

Never hover long enough to make people feel they are being watched or hurried, especially when they are figuring out the tip or signing for the check.

The best place that the summer camp chooses is certainly the jade green lush and green mountain forest, There are limpid brooks and bird spreading the wings to hover there

5. withstand ( Para.2): endure，resist or confront with resistance Examples:

Compelling evidence certainly indicates that human beings are sometimes able to withstand several hours without oxygen.

Big companies have more power to negotiate with suppliers and are better able to withstand the industry's cycle.

6. complimentary ( Para.2): conveying or resembling a compliment; cost nothing Examples:

Rooms are of a complimentary fruit and complimentary mineral water, beverages,

coffee and tea.

The EU's latest assessment of anti-corruption measures in Romania and Bulgaria was critical of the former and complimentary, in part, of the latter.

7. …a refuge beneath the stars that promises inhibitions will be lowered and hard-shell city dwellers will drop their guard. ( Para.4): 8. exclusive ( Para.7): not divided or shared with others Examples:

Cultivating commercial markets and applying technology to help the developing world are not mutually exclusive at all.

This year he was also given one of the sports ' greatest and most exclusive global honors.

9. in the know ( Para.7): in possession of exclusive knowledge or information Examples:

A little inefficiency is necessary to give investors in the know an incentive to drive prices towards efficiency.

Persons in the know also revealed some malpractices at the fair.

10. It’s safer than total strangers because they’ve been initiated by the fact that they found their way up. ( Para.7): 11. get the word out ( Para.8): let out the news Examples:

One of the best ways to get the word out about your upcoming community event is through the press and media.

She and other experts suggest asking the family or bridal party to help get the word out -- after guests ask about gift preferences.

12. breathtaking ( Para.8): tending to cause suspension of regular breathing Examples:

The Greenland Island which is the largest island in the world is a world of breathtaking beauty on top of our planet.

The great cathedrals of Europe are not only breathtaking but intriguing in their architecture.

13. torrid ( Para.9): burning hot; emotionally charged and vigorously energetic Examples:

Any of the five regions of the surface of the earth that are loosely divided according to prevailing climate and latitude, including the Torrid Zone, the North and South Temperate zones, and the North and South Frigid zones. A married man and his secretary were having a torrid affair.

14…. they realize they're meant for each other while reclining on sofa cushions brought out to a tar beach. ( Para.9): They realize they make a wonderful couple while they are against sofa cushions brought out to a tar beach. 15. in the name of ( Para.11): under the name of Examples:

At first, a reporter and a photographer were appointed to go in the name of

visiting

relatives.

These are stereotypes gathered in the name of fun and, like all stereotypes, there are exceptions.

16. assorted ( Para.11): of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity Examples:

At these meetings, we often talk about our classes over a wonderful snack of assorted fruits.

However, Asians enjoy pizza with corn, cucumbers, and other vegetables, not to mention assorted seafood. 17. hold court with ( Para.13): entertain Examples:

In 1853, Queen Victoria decided that the palace needed a room to entertain its guests, so an extension was built to open up the palace.

GREY WORK refers to work which is incidental to the job and involves responding to situational needs. Example: being asked to entertain a visitor. 18. Cars blaring 50 Cent inched up to the hotel, ... ( Para.13):

Cars broadcasting 50 Cent ran slowly to the hotel, ... 19. tipsy ( Para.16): a. a little drunk Examples:

Her capacity for liquor is wonderful and she appears never to be tipsy

Researchers at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill have tentatively identified a similar \"tipsy gene\" that makes carriers feel inebriated after just one or two drinks.

20. proactive ( Para.18): (of a policy or person or action) controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than waiting to respond to it after it happens Examples:

In sum, he has to be very proactive and seize on any available opportunity to win. While we try to be proactive in preventing security problems, we do not assume they'll never come up.

21. flirt ( Para.19): talk or behave amorously, without serious intentions Examples：

He watched the stranger flirt with his girlfriend and got fighting mad. I thought he would punch the guy.

I've seen people bond, flirt, and even reconcile with one another through song choices.

22. infiltrate ( Para.19): cause (a liquid) to enter by penetrating the interstices，enter a group or organization in order to spy on the members Examples:

The issue is opposed by business groups who fear activists will infiltrate the boardroom.

Second, it is almost certainly better to attempt to infiltrate these organizations than to attempt to break their security measures.

23. If the Gansevoort rooftop is known widely and admits most supplicants patient enough to wait in line, private roof decks with intimate parties may be the summer's most sought—after invitations. ( Para 20): Here sought—after means

greatly desired Examples:

The maiden voyages of Queen Mary 2 will be the most sought- after passages in the history of cruising.

The exhibition takes visitors through the natural processes that create one of the world' s most sought-after metals.

24. Hosts know that even guests with booked—up social calendars are likely to R. S. V. P. to a party that’s on a roof. ( Para.20): Hosts know that even guests who are very busy are likely to reply to R. S. V. P. to a party that’s on a roof.

Unit Four

IV. Translation

i

1. As a child, he recalls intently watching his grandfather making cabinets, transfixed by the intricacy, the simplicity. After the war, in the self-improving spirit of the new Germany, he went to art school to study architecture, but couldn’t resist a year’s apprenticeship in the family trade.

他回忆起自己从孩提时起，就专注地看爷爷做柜子，那种精细机巧和简洁质 让他看得发呆。二战之后，怀着自我完善的新德国精神，他去艺术学校学习建筑但还是禁不住家族传统的诱惑而在木匠业做了一年学徒。

2.For the first time in electronics a company became known for its design as much as its technical performance. The design became the brand. Its only rival was the Italian Olivetti, where Ettore Sottsass was turning out luscious Latin goods in marked

contrast to Rams’s thoroughly Teutomic output.

在电子产品领域，一家公司不仅靠技术水平，而且靠设计，二者齐名于世，这还

是第一次。设计成了产品。它唯一的竞争对手是意大利的奥利韦蒂公司。埃托雷·索姆斯设计的甜美绚丽的拉丁风情产品与拉姆斯那种淋漓尽致的日耳曼风格产品形成鲜明的对比。

3.But Rams’s electronic goods are in museums these days, long since superseded technologically. Today’s throwaway consumer excess, which, I suppose, he inadvertently helped to create, pains him. He hates how “design” has come to mean exclusive, just about the look.

然而，由于技术的更新换代，拉姆斯设计的电子产品如今早已成为过时之物，只

能在博物馆里见面了。当今的一次性消费品的泛滥使他痛苦，虽然我想这种泛滥他不经意地起了助力作用。他不喜欢“设计”带有孤傲不群的意味，仅仅注重外观。

ii

1.我哥哥吉米出生时遇上难产，因为缺氧导致大脑受损。两年后我出生了。从此，

我的生活便围绕我哥哥转。（revolve around）

My brother, Jimmy, did not get enough oxygen during a difficult delivery, leaving him

with brain damage, and two years later I was born. Since then, my life revolved around my brother’s.

2.兰帕德想英格兰球迷保证闯进世界杯淘汰赛的时候球队一定火力十足，但这不

会是件容易的事，因为他们的对手也都已经发彪了。（be fired up） Frank Lampard has reassured England's fans that they will be fired up when they

play in the knock-out stages of the World Cup. It won't be easy, because their opponents are all fired up as well.

3.本来我们想让他知道，无论是上有多么难的事情，总是有人来关心他。现在反

倒是提醒了我们自己才是需要被关心的人。（end up）

We had wanted to let him know that no matter how difficult things got in the world,

there would always be people who cared about him. We ended up reminding ourselves instead.

4. 我为这桃树感到特别自豪，因为它不仅熬过了几个严冬而依然活着，而且偶

尔还结出味道甘美的桃子。（luscious）

I am especially proud of the peach tree, not only because it has survived several winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches.

5.我们学院全体学生都把怀特教授当作偶像来崇拜，不仅是因为他举止优雅，学

识渊博，而且是因为他对学生循循善诱，严格要求。（revere）

Profess White was revered and worshiped as the idol by all the students in the college,

not only because of his elegance, great learning, but also because of his strict requirements for and methodical and patient guidance to students.

全文翻译（四）

迪特尔·拉姆斯：我们这个世界的塑造者

1．迪特尔·拉姆斯的房子位于法兰克福城外的克龙贝格，非常非常整洁。地板是由冷色调的白瓷砖铺成的大方格，屋内的一应陈设也都遵循着这一格调。长方形的桌子和搁架摆放得整齐有致，桌上的文件与桌边线保持一致，压纸器也规整地放在整摞纸上，只有一个圆形大酒杯作为偶尔可见的陪衬物，打破了棱角分明、绝不含糊的整体氛围。在地下室的工作间，所有的工具排列整齐，如军事标准般精确到不差分毫。

2．这个家就是一件艺术品。从平屋顶到门把手，基本上都是由拉姆斯自己设计的。“还有那些盆景，”他微笑着说，点头示意我们看院子里的树木，那些树木修剪得就像中士的发型。

3．我是跟一个摄制组一道来到这里的，这些人远谈不上整洁。虽然我们如大象

般踮着脚四下缓步而行，77岁的拉姆斯和与他相伴40年的妻子英格博格还是跟在我们后面，将我们弄错位超过l厘米的东西摆整齐。在这位设计之神的家里，一切都不是想当然的样子。

4．拉姆斯深受尊崇，设计博物馆将于下周为他举行回顾展即是明证。苹果公司的乔纳森·伊夫，以及贾斯珀·莫里森、菲利普·斯塔克都对他顶礼膜拜。他是比苹果公司早出40年就做出苹果公司那一类的产品。他发明我们人人渴求的消费电子产品时，伊夫——iPhone和iMac的设计者——甚至还没有出生。拉姆斯的博朗SK4电唱机是世界上第一个真正意义上的高保真音响，酷酷的灰白色盒子，带着神秘的极简抽象风格，被人戏称为“白雪公主灵匣”。拉姆斯于1956年将它设计成形，这比披头士乐队的出现还早5年。与其他1956年的日常消费品放在一起，SK4看起来就像外星球在向我们传送信号。

5．在拉姆斯之前，电子产品，比如电吹风、烤箱、电水壶、收音机、电话、电唱机等，都是傻大粗笨的东西。这些面向大众市场的产品才有不到20年的历史。“它们还没有自己的语言，”拉姆斯说。相反，它们借用的是其他物品的语言。“收音机，它们看起来像……”他用浓重的德国口音搜寻着合适的字眼，“像亮闪闪的木房子。”

6． 拉姆斯为它们创造了语言。他为现代的电器产品所作的设计一看就属于电子时代，而不是蒸汽时代。

7． 拉姆斯1932年出生于德国西南部繁华的温泉疗养城市威斯巴登的一个木匠世家。他回忆自己从孩提时起，就专注地看爷爷做柜子，那种精细机巧和简洁质朴让他看得直发呆。二战之后，怀着自我完善的新德国精神，他去艺术学校学习建筑，但还是禁不住家族传统的诱惑而在木匠业做了一年学徒。

8．1955年，年轻的拉姆斯毕业后来到设在克龙贝格的博朗公司总部，而博

朗当时只不过是众多本地公司中的一个。然而，战前包豪斯建筑学派的构想激励着拉姆斯要设计出既实用又美观的物品，而此时，年轻的博朗兄弟也正跃跃欲试，厉行革新。著名的现代派设计师汉斯·古格洛特那时也已经为博朗公司工作。但拉姆斯所带来的是年轻一代的预见。同他一样的爵士乐迷们都对现代爵士乐十分着魔。而“这样的音乐，”他激动地说道，“竟然是从那些看似巴罗克式家具的收音机中传出来的!”

9．在“马歇尔计划”帮助下复苏的德国电子产业陷入与日本的竞争中。因品体管的发明，日本制造的小型收音机席卷市场。“问题是，博朗的产品不可能更便宜了，”拉姆斯回忆道。“它只能另谋他策。”设计。苹果之于数字时代的意义，就是博朗之于品体管时代的意义。它使电子产品更容易为人们所接受。

10．拉姆斯的某些设计思想是建立在科学基础上，比如把扬声器与电唱机机体分离以避免杂音干扰。而他的大部分设计则是既重功能也重外观。拉姆斯的创想是，让博朗制造的消费品外形美观，能为新的婴儿潮一代所青睐。车间的技师觉得拉姆斯的想法不切实际。“他们认为人们不会买这种东西，但我们相信这是一条通向未来的道路。战后许多东西都要改变。我们当时的感觉就是要改变一切。这是个原则。”战后美国的消费热潮刚刚抵达欧洲。人们手头的钱开始有所增加。他们愿意消费。博朗的产品极少有便宜的，但这并未阻挡人们对它们的渴求。

11．接下来的10年博朗推出的产品之多令人惊异。在20世纪60年代，没有哪个中产阶级家庭没有一台博朗的高保真电唱机。即使在今天看来，它们仍然是漂亮得令人心痛的物品，件件都是艺术品。我喜欢它们的按键和调谐钮的排列方式，还有间或点缀以原色的清爽主色调。拉姆斯让博朗消费品能跟“爱必居”沙发摆在显眼位置。电视机不必再被嵌藏在橱柜里。他发明了分体的高保真设备——磁带放送机、唱盘和扬声器，你可以把它们摆放在桌子上、架子上或者挂在墙上。最重要的是，他的设计品总是很小巧紧凑——这样他去航海时可以随身携带。拉姆斯设计的便携收音机T3(1958)和T4(1969)有着圆形扬声器和透明的调谐度盘，是iPod的老前辈。拉姆斯甚至设计出第一部便携式立体声装置(虽然“立体声”这个词当时尚未出现)TP1。这是一个收音机与电唱机的组合体，形如今天的笔记本电脑那么大。

12. 在电子产品领域，一家公司不仅靠技术水平，而且靠设计，二者齐名于世，这还是第一次。设计成了品牌。它唯一的竞争对手是意大利的奥利韦蒂公司。埃托雷·索特萨斯设计的甜美绮绚的拉丁风情产品与拉姆斯那种淋漓尽致的日耳曼风格产品形成鲜明对比。(拉姆斯家里为数不多的几件不是自己设计的物品中，有一件就是奥利韦蒂的红色“情人”打字机，色彩华贵夺目。)包容统一是一条设计原则。设计要做到简洁，要遵循包豪斯式的外形与功能相一致的传统。“好的设计必须是诚实的。或许这个观点来自我爷爷。他是个木匠，喜欢一个人干活，”

拉 姆斯说。“他不喜欢机器，就像现在我不喜欢计算机。他制作的家具都很简洁。我很钟情于日本人那种删繁就简的传统，”他用手比画着说道，“但魅力却并不折损。要把更重要的东西放在显著位置。人在一个空房间内比在充斥着各种东西的房间内能更好地思考。”

13．并不是他设计的每件东西都能最终成为商品。在20世纪60年代他发明了一台便携式电视机，但市场营销人员认为不合时宜。“那好吧，我想，’他说道，“作为设计师，有时你不得不面对失败。’这就是博朗20世纪60年代的情况：任何事情都安排得有条不紊、恰如其分。人员之间沟通顺畅。如果市场时机不对，那就没必要设计那样的产品。同样，公司也需要富有活力的设计师、技术人员团队和领导者来开拓新领域——“我觉得乔纳森·伊夫和史蒂夫‘乔布斯之间的关系与我和博朗兄弟之间的关系很相似。”拉姆斯是博朗公司最铁杆的员工。他的一生似乎都以博朗为中心，无论是私人生活还是社交生活。他在公司勤勤恳恳地工作了40年，在此认识了他的妻子还有他最亲密的朋友。夫妇俩没有孩子。他仍然生活在那个社区。

14．美国吉列公司1967年收购博朗之后，情况发生了变化。公司希望将拉姆斯的魔力拓展到所有的产品上，从欧乐B牙刷、吉列剃须刀到打火机、闹钟和计算器等等。但这时设计师和管理层之间的亲密关系已不复存在。“到处都是中层经理，”他回忆道。但他还是留下来又干了30年，期间在与其他公司，比如丹麦的Vitsøe公司的合作中找到了这种亲密的工作关系。他在20世纪50年代末开始与Vitsøe公司合作，设计的万用搁架系统(1960)仍然在生产。这是又一个设计经典。我买了一个：它几乎让我破产，但每天用到它的时候我都会为它的条理分明惊叹不已。我终生都会用它。

15． 然而，由于技术的更新换代，拉姆斯设计的电子产品如今早已成为过时之物，只能在博物馆里见到了。当今的一次性消费品的泛滥使他痛苦，虽然我想这种泛滥他也不经意地起了助力作用。他不喜欢“设计”带有孤傲不群的意味，仅仅注重外观。“这是一种糟糕的潮流。设计与时尚无关。菲利普‘斯塔克是个艺术家而非设计师。他设计了一些有趣的东西，这我承认，但或许他应该想得更多一点!”他笑道。“现在的东西太多了。有这么多没用的东西。大多数都不是必需品，而且做过了头。看看周围。我们不能把我们再不需要的垃圾送到第三世界。

我们需要回归更简约、更持久的设计。”先知再现。

词汇

1. …from which everything else takes its cue. (Para.1): the design of other parts in the room follows the style of the floor.

2. align with (Para.1): bring, come, into agreement, close co-operation, etc Examples:

The second key skill is to keep your head in its most natural position, align with your spine.

The new manager is eager to understand the requirement in Finance area and align with other functional areas.

3. out of sync (Para.1): working badly together; out of agreement Examples:

Being out of sync with ourselves and our surroundings can cause depression, fear and loneliness.

Her eyes and her brain seemed to be seriously out of sync.

4. hover (Para.3): (of a person) wait or linger close at hand in a tentative or uncertain manner; remains at or near a particular level Examples:

She hovered anxiously in the background.

The president's approval rating continues to hover around 48% or so, showing little or no sign of a post -health bounce.

5. All is no quite as it should be in the home of this design god. (Para.3): Everything designed and placed in Rams’s home is totally not what the ordinary people expected.

6. revere (Para.4): respect or hold in awe and veneration Examples:

Despite Saunière's reputation for being reclusive, his recognition for dedication to the arts made him an easy man to revere. It is hard to free fools from the chains they revere.

7. For Rams is revered, as his retrospective opening at the Design Museum next weeks makes plain. (Para.4): It’s very evident that Rams is greatly respected in that an exhibition of the representative selection of Rams’s works will be hold at the Design Museum next week.

8. lust after (Para.4): have a strong desire for

The iPhone is quite another story, game changing as usual for Apple, and something to lust after.

All my guys lust after the Nikon D3 and D700 image quality and focusing accuracy. 9. beam down (Para.4): broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television Examples:

Once you arrive at that planet you can beam down from your spaceship and attempt to complete the mission .

Satellites like the ones that beam down television signals today are in geosynchronous orbit 22, 000 miles above fixed points on the equator.

10. … were chunky, fruity things. (Para.5): the products were heavy, dull and strange to look at.

11. After the war, in the self-improving spirit of the new Germany, he went to art school to study architecture,…(Para.7): After the world war II, the self-perfection spirit was advocated in the new Germany. Under the influence of this tendency, Rams went to learn architecture in art school.

12. Rams, though, was fired up with the prewar Bauhaus dream of functional, beautiful objects, … (Para.8): The design style of Bauhaus school in Germany focuses on the function as well as the outward appearance of the products they designed, and Rams was encouraged and inspired by this concept.

13. …Germany’s electronics industry was locked in competition with Japan, …(Para.9): Germany was involved in the competition with Japan in the field of electronics industry. Here “was locked in” means “was involved in”.

Examples:

We are locked in war, wanting peace. We’re torn by division, wanting unity. They complain that heavyweight lawyers are locked in the fray, and that recovered works are being auctioned off and disappearing from public view. 14. It made electronics approachable. (Para.9): Because of the design, the electronic products were more easily accepted by consumers.

15. Most, though, were as much form as function. (Para.10): Most of the products designed by Rams were concerned with function as well as outward appearance. 16. … such as detaching the loudspeakers from the body of record players to stop noise interference. (Para.10): here “detach” means to separate (a small unit) from a larger, especially for a special assignment. Examples:

The fear was that when this quantity of water hit the bottom, it would detach the ice from the bed on which it rested and lubricate its passage to the sea.

She also shrugs off the criticism that Britain's multiculturalism has allowed Muslims to detach themselves from their fellow citizens.

17. … the new generation of baby boomers. (Para.10): here “baby boomers” means the larger than expected generation in United States born shortly after World War II.

18. What followed was a decade of astonishing productivity. (Para.11): In the following ten years, Braun designed and produced a lot of electronic goods which brought great surprise.

19. For the first time in electronics a company became known for its design as much as its technical performance. (Para.12): Braun became famous not only for its specialized technology, but also for its design. This is the unprecedented case in the filed of electronics.

20. glossy (Para.12): having a smooth, gleaming surface Examples:

Their glossy barks are a faint light green with hazy silver spots. The beautiful glossy coat of the cat shone as it lay in sunlight.

21. end up (Para.13): finally be or do something Examples:

A deal might also end up acting as a poison pill for other potential acquirers. The dispute between Tie and Bollinger Berger could yet end up in the courts. 22. Likewise, you need a dynamic designer, technical staff and leadership to push the boundaries. (Para.13): In addition, what a company needs is a designer with vitality, a team with technical performance and leaders with enterprise to pioneer new fields.

23. Rams was the ultimate company man. (Para.13): Rams was the die-hard employee and designer of Braun.

24. revolve around (Para.13): treat as the most important point or element Examples:

For them, questions of public morality often revolve around what it means to be a decent, tolerant society.

Urban problems revolve around meeting the needs of the existing inhabitants and replacing old and obsolete facilities, especially housing.

25. …hoping to spread Rams’s magic dust on everything… (Para.14): Gillette hoped to fully make use of the talent of Rams to all of the products. 26. on the side (Para.14): without official authorization Examples:

Your own small business on the side sounds pretty profitable.

As a software developer in Boulder, Colorado, I had a working week of 60 to 80 hours, as well as building my own company on the side.

27. But Rams’s electronic goods are in museums these days, long since superseded

technologically. (Para.15): However, due to technical renewal, Rams’s design of electronic products now become already outdated thing, and can only be found in museums nowadays.

Unit Five

IV. Translation

i.

1.We bought macrobiotic cupcakes and hypoallergenic socks, hired tutor to correct

a 5-year-old’s “pencil-holding deficiency”, hooked up broadband connections in the tree-house, but took down the swing set after the second skinned knee. 我们给孩子购买全谷物杯形蛋糕和防过敏的袜子,请家教纠正五岁的孩子错误的

“握铅笔姿势”,在树屋里接上宽带网, 但是在他们第二次擦破膝盖后就把秋千给卸了下来。

2.College deans described freshmen as ”crispies”, who arrived at college already burned out, and “teacups”, who seemed ready to break at the tiniest stress. 大学院长们把新生称为“油炸土豆片”,因为刚上大学他们就似乎已经筋疲力尽,还有的叫他们“瓷杯”——小小压力就足以让他们崩溃碎裂。

3.By worrying about the wrong things, we do actual damage to our children, raising them to be anxious and unadventurous or, as she puts it, ”hothouse, mama-tied, danger-hallucinating, joy-extinguishers”.

因为害怕想象中的不测,我们实际上正在对孩子造成伤害,让他们变得焦虑不安且缺乏冒险精神, 或者用她的话说,这些孩子是“温室里的花朵,揪着妈妈的衣服不敢撒手的娇宝宝, 自己吓自己,扫兴无趣。”

4.The Ithaca College website offers a checklist of advice:” Visit(but not too often)” “Communicate(but not too often)” “Don’t worry(too much)” “Expect change” “Trust them”.

伊萨卡学院的网站上就列出了这样一份建议清单:“看望(但别太频繁)”、“沟通(但别太频繁)”、“别(太过)担心”、“期待改变”、“信任孩子。

ii.

1.通过这次为期一周的之旅，老师们惊喜的发现爱国主义思想深深扎根于同

学们的心中。（take hold）

By this one-week revolution trip, teachers were surprised to find that the patriotic thoughts had taken deep hold in students’ hearts.

2.2010年的墨西哥海湾的漏油事件及媒体相关报道引发了全世界规地球海洋环境保护的关注。（ignite）

The oil leak in Mexico Gulf in 2010 and its related media report ignited the worldwide attention on ocean environment protection of the earth.

3.会上来自全国各的农民代表们热情洋溢地谈论了农村近几十年的改革与变化，并畅想更加美好的未来。（rave about）

At the meeting, the farmer representatives from all over the country raved heatedly about the reforms and changes in the countryside during the latest several decades, and imagined a better future.

4.一位在海外工作二十年的洋博士要回到自己出生的小山村创业，这在当地无疑是一个“超级”。（G-bomb）

It was undoubtedly a G-bomb that a foreign doctor who had been working abroad for 20 years came back to the small village where he was born to start his own business.

5.经过几天连续的不间断的激烈比赛，所有的运动员和裁判都精疲力竭，需要好好的身体休息和状态调整。（burn out）

After incessant grueling games for several days, all sportsmen and referees were burn out and needed to take a good rest and state adjustment.

全文翻译（五）

“直升机”父母：请学会放手

1. 在育儿方面我们正慢慢陷入疯狂。我们只是想给孩子最好的东西。我们给孩子购买全谷物杯形蛋糕和防过敏的袜子,请家教纠正五岁的孩子错误的“握铅笔姿势”,在树屋里接上宽带网, 但是在他们第二次擦破膝盖后就把秋千给卸了下来。我们在每个学校、操场和一切能培养孩子各方面能力的场所“盘旋”——“直升机父母”,老师们这样称呼我们。这种现象到处都是,各年龄层、种族和宗教信仰的父母无一幸免。

2. 我们望子成龙心切，结果把养育儿女变成了某种产品开发。父母们要求幼儿园开设普通话课程, 为小孩将来应付全球化经济竞争从小就做好准备。在高中里, 课还没上完,老师就会收到父母们发来愤怒的短信,孩子的考试分数给得不合理。大学院长们把新生称为“油炸土豆片”,因为刚上大学他们就似乎已经筋疲力尽,还有的叫他们“瓷杯”——小小压力就足以让他们崩溃碎裂。

3. 在21世纪之初,家长们就是这样育儿的——用的简直是另一挥霍放纵的方式,那层起保护作用的气泡垫快要爆掉了。因此,现在一场新的正在酝酿之中,目标是扭转那股父母对孩子几乎荒谬的过分保护和投资的潮流。这场有各种名号——“慢养育”、“简单养育”、“放手式养 育”——但其传递的信息是一致的:简单即好,“直升机”般呵护是危险的,让孩子碰壁更有益处。你真的希望孩子成功吗?那就学会适时放手,让他们自由发展吧。你要放轻松,他们才能飞得更高。拖他们后腿的往往是我们这些焦虑无比的父母。

4. 一旦过分执着于孩子的安全和成功成为标准,就会作为一种正统扎根人心,上天得搭救那些敢让孩子在没有受到特别保护的前提下到处“乱跑”的“异端”父母。不信你可以去问问勒诺·斯科纳——时至今日,只要你在搜索引擎谷歌里输入“美国最差劲的妈妈”,她的名字就会占满搜索结果的前几页——而这只是因为去年的一天,她居然敢让9岁的儿子独自去搭乘纽约地铁。她在报纸专栏上提到这件事,立即引发全球激辩,对何谓“合理风险”,大家争持不下。斯科纳决定反击,她争

辩说,我们已经丧失了评估风险的能力。因为害怕想象中的不测,我们实际上正在对孩子造成伤害,让他们变得焦虑不安且缺乏冒险精神, 或者用她的话说,这些孩子是“温室里的花朵,揪着妈妈的衣服不敢撒手的娇宝宝, 自己吓自己,扫兴无趣。”

5. 她指出,自己这一代人过去上学时要么独自步行,要么坐公交车或地铁,万圣节自己去要糖果,平时自个儿玩跷跷板,现在成了父母了,本没有理由禁止孩子做同样的事情。但是不知为什么,他们“把十岁的孩子变成了两岁。我们把孩子幼稚化,让他们变得。”她说。她赞成安全带、汽车儿童座椅、自行车头盔等方面的儿童安全措施,但是那些非理性的反应让她抓狂。像亲爱的阿比的做法，八月每天早上在孩子们离开家上学前，父母们要给他们拍照。这样的话，如果孩子们被绑架了，会拿到最近的照片显示孩子们当时身上穿的衣服。一旦当天孩子们安全回家了，就可以删除这张照片。 到第二天早上再拍一张。

6. 对于经常听到有关小女孩失踪和隔壁危险人物之类令人心碎的新闻的家长们, 这个建议听上去极有道理。 但是斯科纳认为很多家长逻辑出现错误。在猪流感期成千百万家长都扬言不给孩子们打疫苗， 你就也反对自己的孩子打疫苗针，这种是统计数字分析上出现的不理智行为。而另一方面没有报道说有小孩曾经被陌生人递给污染过的糖果而中毒，被陌生人绑架和杀害的奇怪比例是一千五百万分之一。当有父母质问“你怎么敢让他自己去商店买东西”时,你可以反问“你怎么敢让他独自去拜访亲友?”(有数据表明在受到性侵害的儿童中,有80%的孩子是被朋友或亲戚施暴。)“我的意思不是说这个世界上没有危险,或者不应事先做好防范,”她说,“但是运气有好有坏,还有命运,有些事情在我们掌控范围之外。孩子们就是在想办法解决问题的过程中变聪明的。”

7. 卡尔·奥诺雷的《压力之下:把我们的孩子从“过度养育”文化中拯救出来》一书被奉为“慢养育”运动的“圣经”。作者的感悟源于听到老师对他上幼儿园的儿子的评价。多数老师都说孩子不错,但没提到什么特别出色的表现——直到他来到美术教室,那里的老师一边指着他儿子的作品(摆在那里供其他孩子学习),一边热情洋溢地夸奖他的儿子多么富有创造性。然后,奥诺雷回忆说:“她抛出了一个‘超级’:‘这孩子是个天才艺术家’,她告诉我们。那个时候你别的什么都听不见

了。我只看见‘天才’两个字挨着我儿子的名字在闪闪发光……”于是他赶紧回家,在谷歌上搜索了一些美术教师的名字,并急切地告诉儿子要请一个专业家教来,帮助他画得更好。“他看着我,好像我来自外太空一样,”奥诺雷说,“他告诉我说‘我只是想画画,为什么大人们总是什么都要管?’” “那个时刻,我的心深受震动,”奥诺雷总结道,“我并不喜欢我所见到的。”他现在写书,开讲座,阐述放慢步调可以带来诸多收获,并引用一些研究来证明大脑只有在放松的状态下才会更富有创造性,才会有更多领悟和发现。“就孩子而言,”他指出,“他们需要一个不被打扰的空间。给他们空间,让他们能够深入地思考,发明自己的游戏,创造自己的娱乐。它就像是一张实用的蹦床,让孩子们自己学会如何应对。”

8. 孩子们还小的时候,偶尔像直升机一样围着他们团团转是可以理解的,但是很多教育者担心这种过分关怀会一直延续到初中和高中。一些教师谈到,“战斗机父母”,他们不再没完没了地在孩子身边盘旋,但会在孩子所在的高中为音乐剧挑选演员或者确定首发阵容等关键时刻精确出击。孩子念高中三年级时更是他们“发威”的时刻:“在我看来,对很多家长而言,大学入学考试成绩就像父母的一张成绩单,表明了他们为人父母称职与否。”俄勒冈州威拉姆特大学学生处玛德莱娜·莱涅评述说。许多大学不得不专门设一位“家长会总监”来负责主持一些地区工作小组,让不同院校的学生家长们聚首交流,或者安排父母们上一些“特殊课程”以掌握学校里发生的一切盛事。伊萨卡学院的网站上就列出了这样一份建议清单:“看望(但别太频繁)”、“沟通(但别太频繁)”、“别(太过)担心”、“期待改变”、“信任孩子。”

9. 密苏里州哥伦比亚西科曼高中家长教师会前特丽莎·梅尔刚刚把最小的三女儿送进了大学。“他们说得非常清楚:你没有获邀参与注册跟学生一起上课,这是学生们自己的事。”她开始欣赏这种“请别管太多”的做法。“我希望我们真的能逐渐摆脱‘直升机’式养育法。”梅尔说,“我们的观点是‘教给孩子好的品行,让他们有一个正确的开始,但你得放手让他们自己走。’他们应该过他们自己的生活。”

10. 在反对“直升机家长军团最有效武器中，是一些兴起的网站。网站里家长们可以诉说，承认和认定自己的看法，即降低期望并不等同于让孩子们失望。 因此你不再阻止两岁大的孩子吃狗食；背着儿子玩时不小心儿子的头撞到了门；

或是你的女儿讨厌上学，害怕失败甚至都不愿意学骑车。“我只想投降并在此对她放弃，”一位在“真情告白”网站上发帖的妈妈说，“这不是我当时申请登陆网站时想要做的。”“诚实宝贝”网站出售童衫，上面印有“等我准备好了，我就会走路的。” 鉴于大量网站和书把这一代的家长逼得焦急而疯狂的时候，当人们都习惯性地“夸耀”自己是多么坏的家长时，我们的孩子教育世界就恢复到某种平衡。

11. 如果你能接受面对这个令人感到令人羞辱的事实，你就能更容易接受劳伦斯1918年提出的建议： “怎样开始教育孩子。 原则一：随他自己，原则二：随他自己， 原则三：随他自己。 这是完整的开始。”

词汇

1. backlash: an adverse reaction to some political or social occurrence; Examples:

There is a backlash of tolerance of modern parents about their young kids’ misbehaviors in public places.

The continue rise in violent crime eventually provoked a backlash against the liberal gun-control laws.

2. The insanity crept up on us slowly; we just wanted what was best for our kids. We bought macrobiotic cupcakes and hypoallergenic socks, hired tutors to correct a 5-year-old’s “pencil-holding deficiency,” hooked up broadband connections in the tree-house but took down the swing set after the second skinned knee.(Para 1): We parents are acting crazy in taking care of our kids. Here the author used several examples to show the change. creep up: advance stealthily or unnoticed; Examples:

Age creeps up on you as your hair turns into gray gradually. The snake crept up the tree for the singing bird. 3. hover over (Para1): stay in the air in one place Examples:

There was an eagle in the sky who is hovering over a mouse.

After the alien spacecraft had hovered over the park for a short time, it vanished. 1. christen (Para1): to be given a name in the Christian ceremony of Baptism Examples:

The child was christened Mary.

The ancients had to borrow a medical term to christen this branch of mathematics. 5. be obsessed with (Para2):be disturbed with Examples:

She is obsessed with (by) fear of unemployment.

Some women are obsessed with/by the need to keep their home as clean as a hospital.

6. college deans described freshmen as “crispies,” who arrived at college already burned out, and “teacups,” who seemed ready to break at the tiniest stress.(Para 2): here by calling students “crispies” and “teacups” the author emphasized the big number of extra-class learning arranged by today’s parents, which formed a heavy burden for their kids. 7. roll back (Para3): to force (opponents) to move back Examples:

Nobody can roll back the wheel of history. Let's roll back the carpets and have a dance.

8. The insurgency goes by many names — slow parenting, simplicity parenting, free-range parenting — but the message is the same: Less is more; hovering is dangerous; failure is fruitful. (Para3): It is a kind of education revolution with different callings delivering the same message: simple parenting is ok, overdoing it is dangerous, appropriate failure is good for kids. 9. ignite (Para 4): cause to start to burn or happen

Examples:

Petrol ignites very easily.

The rock and roll ignites the excitement of the audience.

10. By worrying about the wrong things, we do actual damage to our children, raising them to be anxious and unadventurous or, as she puts it, “hothouse, mama-tied, danger-hallucinating, joy-extinguishers.” (Para 4): it indicates that over-parenting is harmful to kids. Because of over-parenting, the kids grow up like flowers planted in the greenhouse, tender, weak, timid and dependent. 11. But somehow, she says, “10 is the new 2. We’re infantilizing our kids into incompetence.” (Para6): It means that by over-parenting, the kids become increasingly incapable as if they are only 2 years old; but actually they are 10 years old.

infantilize (Para 6): (derog) make ---back to small child stage or act like small child Examples:

Don't infantilize him.Talk to him like an adult.He's a little person.His communication skills aren't verbal yet,but he understands. 12. endorse (Para 6): to express approval or support Examples:

I would like to endorse any choice you make

The government has broadly endorsed a research paper proposing new educational targets for 14-year-olds.

13. taint(Para7): (AmE) to make(food) unfit for use, esp. because of decay. Examples:

Can you be sure these food are free from any taint of decay? 14. That advice may seem perfectly sensible to parents bombarded by heartbreaking news stories about missing little girls and the predator next door.(Para 7): Here is one explaination why some parents become helicopter parents.

predator: wild animals that kill and eats other animals; (fig) people having the habit of trying to take other people;s property. Examples:

The animal stayed still, hoping that the predator wouldn't see it.

Cats are warm and affectionate creatures to us, but viewed through the eyes of birds and mice they are vicious predators.

15. confront somebody with something (Para7): to force to deal with or accept the truth of, bring face to face with Examples:

When the police confronted her with the evidence, she admitted that she was guilty.

He prepared answers for the questions he expected to confront during the interview.

16. rave about (Para 8): (infml) to speak about with extreme praise Examples:

It's quite a good film, but it's nothing to rave about.

Helen liked the picture very much, but I don't think it's anything to rave about. 17. take over (Para8): gain control over and responsibility for something Examples:

It is not right and sensible for modern parents to take over everything of their children not only in life but in studying.

Who do you think will take over now that the governor has been dismissed? 18. “That was a searing epiphany,” Honoré concludes. “I didn’t like what I saw.”(Para8): here means the father was very shocked by his son’s words and from then he understood what his son really liked to do even he himself didn’t like the fact that his son was not interested in becoming an great artist. 19. Some teachers talk of “Stealth Fighter Parents,” who no longer hover

constantly but can be counted on for a surgical strike just when the high school musical is being cast or the starting lineup chosen.(Para9): When kids enter high

schools, their parents will not stay around them taking care of their safety, but began to take charge when their kids play music or performance, things like that. 20. throw in the towel/sponge (Para11):（infml）to admit defeat. Examples:

After the heated debate, the red party eventually threw in the towel and claimed to quit.

21. brag about/of（Para 11）:（derog）to talk too proudly about oneself. Examples:

She bragged about her connections in the film world.

Examples: The boys bragged that they had committed several burglaries.