学位英语阅读理解专项提升练习合集
一、阅读理解 Passage one
E is a teen with special needs. Often, she feels that she is targeted by her schoolmates. She complains of dirty looks, eye rolling and whispering when she walks through the halls. This time, she saw A whispering and thought it was about her.
And E had power to hit back-on Facebook. As soon as she got home, she logged on and demanded that her friends unfriend A, and choose between the two of them. She teased them for talking to A at school, and called A “ugly” and “fat”, “She is smelly.” E wrote, “and she uses her Mum to fight her battles.” You can only imagine the comments.
However, E didn’t know that her Facebook privacy setting was set to the public which meant that anyone-including A-could read her posts. In a matter of hours, E was the cyberbully. And here’s the thing about cyberbullying: It can become real-life trouble. This can often be heard. “You bother me online. I will bother you up on the bus.” It can start with a
misunderstood comment or an inappropriate post meant as a joke, And for a teen with special needs, words can take on literal meanings, crcating an cnvironment that’s frightening. Combine that with a lack of control of online privacy and virtual social skills and you may have an ill outcome.
Social media can open doors to new friendships and social circles that are inaccessible in real life. But we, as adults, often give our children access to this virtual world without guidance and boundaries, while counting on them to use it with ease and wisdom. We expect too much with
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little direction. The advice that I give parents is to set clear rules and stay consistent, even repeated.
1 .What did E do on Facebook when believing A was whispering about her? A．She made unfair comments about A． B．She challenged A to fight against her. C．She asked her friends to forgive A． D．She teased A for talking with her friends. 答案：A
2 .The underlined phrase “counting on” in the last paragraph refers to ________. A．focusing on C．appealing to 答案：B
3 .Who might be the designed readers of this passage? A．Parents. 答案：A
4 .What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph? A．How to protect privacy for children in the virtual world. B．How to set regulations for children in the virtual world. C．How to build friendships for children in the virtual world. D．How to fight the cyberbully for children in the virtual world. 答案：B
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B．relying on D．turning to
B．Teenagers. C．Children. D．Teachers.
【答案解析】
这是一篇说明文。作者由学生无形中就利用网络进行了欺凌的现象讲述了父母应该对孩子进入这个虚拟世界要进行指导和制定规则。 【详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“As soon as she got home, she logged on and demanded that her friends unfriend A, and choose between the two of them. She teased them for talking to A at school, and called A “ugly” and “fat”, “She is smelly.” E wrote, “and she uses her Mum to fight her battles.” You can only imagine the comments. (一到家，她就登录了Facebook，要求朋友们解除A的好友关系，然后在他们俩之间做出选择。她嘲笑他们在学校里和A说话，还说A“丑”、“胖”、“她很臭”。E写道，“她利用她的妈妈来为她战斗。”你可以想象这些评论)”可知，当E认为A在悄悄议论她时，她在Facebook上对A发表了不公正的评论。故选A项。 【详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“But we, as adults, often give our children access to this virtual world without guidance and boundaries, while counting on them to use it with ease and wisdom. We expect too much with little direction. (但是，作为成年人，我们经常让我们的孩子在没有指导和界限的情况下进入这个虚拟世界，同时counting on他们轻松和智慧地使用它。我们期望太多，却没有方向)”可知，“我们”期望太多，即“我们”指望孩子轻松和智慧地使用虚拟世界，因此猜测划线词counting on意为“指望”。故选B项。 【详解】
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推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But we, as adults, often give our children access to this virtual world without guidance and boundaries, while counting on them to use it with ease and wisdom. (但是，作为成年人，我们经常让我们的孩子在没有指导和界限的情况下进入这个虚拟世界，同时指望他们轻松和智慧地使用它)”和“We expect too much with little direction. The advice that I give parents is to set clear rules and stay consistent, even repeated. (我给父母的建议是，制定明确的规则，保持一致，甚至是重复)”可知，这篇文章是为父母写的。故选A项。 【详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We expect too much with little direction. The advice that I give parents is to set clear rules and stay consistent, even repeated. (我给父母的建议是，制定明确的规则，保持一致，甚至是重复)”可知，在接下来的段落中可能会讨论具体如何为虚拟世界中的儿童制定规则。故选B项。 Passage two
Is there a single word that motivates us more than “weekend”? It’s like the promise of a sweet future following what seems like a lifetime of hard work. It’s the spring our step that gets more energetic with each passing day until by Friday, we’re practically bumping our heads against the ceiling.
The trouble is that the weekend is a rip-off. You think you’re getting 48 hours of unconditional rest, but reality takes a discount. In fact, it takes most of Sunday. That’s when anxiety comes creeping（溜）in and another countdown begins: 12 hours until Monday. Sure, weekend is free time. But the mounting stress of an incoming Monday can erase any joy you might get from a
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Sunday evening.
That feeling is so common among the Monday-to-Friday crowd. There’s even more than one name for it: the Sunday Scary, or Sunday Fear Syndrome. Going from a countdown to the weekend to a countdown to Monday can be difficult. Even Monster.com, a website which specializes in connecting humans to the Monday-to-Friday cycle, admits it’s a problem. In a survey, Monster found that 76% of Americans have really bad Sunday night blues. For most people, Sunday is no holiday at all. It may all come down to the same problem. We can’t stop thinking about tomorrow. Even worse, we may develop some unhealthy coping strategies for that transition from weekends to Monday. Some might resist- staying up late, making use of every minute of a fleeting（短暂的）Sunday.
But why should Monday cast such a long and fearful shadow on our lives? Maybe it’s because the counter is reset, and the weekend, or happiness, seems at its furthest point. Like most of us, you have a tolerable（可容忍的）job, but don’ t much like the whole idea of working. There are plenty of ways to make Mondays a little less stressful. Most importantly, don’t leave any unsettled Friday business hanging over the weekend. So, clear the decks and tie up loose ends. Learn to seize the week rather than just the weekend. 1 .What do we know about weekend in paragraph 2?
A．It doesn’t reduce people’s stress at all. B．It doesn’t bring joy as expected. C．It actually adds to people’s anxiety 答案：B
2 .Why does the writer mention Monster.com in the text? A．To support his idea.
D．It provides a good time to relax.
B．To solve a problem.
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C．To show its popularity. 答案：A
D．To provide more information.
3 .What does the writer think of the way most people spend the weekend? A．Challenging. C．Practical 答案：D
4 .Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Why Does Monday Take a Bite Out of Sunday? B．Why Is a Countdown to the Weekend Difficult?
C．Why Does Monday Cast a Fearful Shadow on Our Lives? D．Why Are People Stressed Out on Fridays and Saturdays? 答案：A 【答案解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为什么周一会影响周日的快乐。 【详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The trouble is that the weekend is a rip-off. You think you’re getting 48 hours of unconditional rest, but reality takes a discount.”（问题是周末是个骗局。你以为自己能得到48小时的无条件休息，但现实却打了折扣）可知，周末并不会带来预期的快乐，故选B。 【详解】
B．Realistic D．Unwise
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推理判断题。根据第三段“Going from a countdown to the weekend to a countdown to Monday can be difficult. Even Monster.com, a website which specializes in connecting humans to the Monday-to-Friday cycle, admits it’s a problem.”（从周末倒计时到周一可能很困难。就连Monster.com，一个专门把人和周一到周五的周期联系起来的网站，也承认这是个问题）可知，作者提到Monster.com就是为了证明前面提到的观点——从周末倒计时到周一可能很困难，故选A。 【详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“In a survey, Monster found that 76% of Americans have really bad Sunday night blues. For most people, Sunday is no holiday at all. It may all come down to the same problem. We can’t stop thinking about tomorrow. Even worse, we may develop some unhealthy coping strategies for that transition from weekends to Monday. Some might resist- staying up late, making use of every minute of a fleeting（短暂的）Sunday.”（在一项调查中，Monster发现76%的美国人周日晚上非常忧郁。对大多数人来说，周日根本不是假日。可能都归结为同一个问题。我们不能停止思考明天。更糟糕的是，我们可能会为从周末到周一的过渡制定一些不健康的应对策略。有些人可能会抵制——熬夜，利用转瞬即逝的每一分钟）可知，作者认为大多数人过周末的方式是不明智的，故选D。 【详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段“Sure, weekend is free time. But the mounting stress of an incoming Monday can erase any joy you might get from a Sunday evening.”（当然，周末是自由时间。但是即将到来的周一的压力会抹去你从周日晚上得到的任何快乐）可知，文章主要介绍了为什么周一会影响周日的快乐，故选A。
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Passage three
Reese Witherspoon was born on March 22, 1976 in New Orleans, Louisiana. She is the second child of the family. Reese spent the first four years of her life in Wiesbaden, Germany, where her father John Witherspoon served in the US Army Reserves. Shortly after, John moved the family back to the United States, settling in Nashville, Tennessee.
Reese was introduced to the entertainment industry at a very early age. At age 7, she began modeling. This led to appearances on several local television commercials. At age 11, she was placed first in a Ten-State Talent Fair.
In 1990, she landed her first major acting role in The Man in the Moon(1991 .. Her role as a 14-year old tomboy earned her good reviews. Roles in bigger films such as Jack the Bear (1993 . and A Far Off Place (1993 . followed shortly after.
Following high school graduation in 1994, Reese decided to have a pause in her acting career and attend Stanford University where she would major in English literature. However, her plans were shortly stopped when she accepted roles to star in two major motion pictures. Although neither film was a huge box-office success, they did help to make Reese a rising star in Hollywood and open the door for bigger and better film roles.
Her breakthrough role came as Elle Woods in the 2001 comedy Legally Blonde In box office terms, the movie was a great success and made Reese one of the top female stars in Hollywood. In the year 2014, she produced both Gone Girl and Wild, for which she got nominated (提名) for a best actress Oscar again for her role.
Reese is actively involved in children's and women’s advocacy organizations. She is a longtime supporter of Save the Children, an organization that helps provide children around the world
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with education, health care and emergency aid.
1 .Why did Reese stop her studies at Stanford University? A．Because she starred in two successful films. B．Because she was more famous in Hollywood. C．Because she was involved in advocacy organizations. D．Because she decided to take on roles in two important films. 答案：D
2 .What is the author’s attitude toward Reese? A．Caring. C．Confusing 答案：D
3 .How does the passage develop? A．Following the order of time. C．Giving examples. 答案：A 【答案解析】
这是一篇人物传记类记叙文，主要讲述了美国影视演员Reese Witherspoon 的生平及一些重要事迹。 【详解】
细节理解题。从题干关键词“Reese stop her studies at Stanford University”，可以定位到文章第四段。根据前两句“Following high school graduation in 1994, Reese decided to have a
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B．Defensive. D．Admiring.
B．Using figures. D．Making comparison.
pause in her acting career and attend Stanford University where she would major in English literature. However, her plans were shortly stopped when she accepted roles to star in two major motion pictures.（1994年高中毕业后，Reese决定暂停自己的演艺生涯，进入斯坦福大学主修英国文学。然而，她的计划很快就停止了，因为她接受了在两部主要电影中出演的角色。）”可知，Reese中断在斯坦福大学的学业，是因为她接受了在两部重要的电影中出演角色。选项D意为“因为她决定出演两部重要的电影。”，与原文相符。故选D项。 【详解】
观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“Reese is actively involved in children's and women’s advocacy organizations. She is a longtime supporter of Save the Children, an organization that helps provide children around the world with education, health care and emergency aid.（Reese积极参与儿童和妇女的宣传组织。她是拯救儿童组织的长期支持者，该组织帮助世界各地的儿童获得教育、医疗保健和紧急援助。）”可知，Reese积极参与一些旨在帮助妇女和儿童的公益组织，可推断作者对Reese的态度是赞赏的。选项D意为“赞赏的”，与原文相符。故选D项。 【详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“Reese Witherspoon was born on March 22, 1976 in New Orleans, Louisiana.（Reese Witherspoon 1976年3月22日出生于路易斯安那州的新奥尔良。）”，第二段的“At age 7”和“At age 11”，第三段的1990，1991，1993三个年份，第四段的1994以及第五段的2001，2004两个年份可知，文章从最开始Reese的出生说
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起，随后讲了她人生中一些重要时间点发生的事情，所以文章是按照时间顺序来写的。选项A意为“按照时间顺序”，与此相符。故选A项。 Passage four
“Taijiquan is a traditional physical practice in China characterized by relaxed, circular movements that work with breath regulation.” thus reads the introduction of Taijiquan by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO) on its website. Also referred to as T'ai Chi or Chinese boxing, Taijiquan has been a well-known physical practice worldwide. For a long time, different stories regarding the birthplace of Taijiquan have made the rounds, focusing mainly on two places-Wudang Mountain in Hubei Province, central China, and Wenxian County.
A tale tells how a man named Zhang Shanfeng created Taijiquan about 1,000 years ago after witnessing a fight between a sparrow and a snake, drawing inspiration from the animals' movements. The Wudang Mountain is known as one of China's major Taoist land-marks. This oldest philosophy of China has had a great impact on Taijiquan.
The story about its Chenjiagou origin has some more hard proof. In the mid-17th century, a retired general and village head named Chen Wangting combined his kungfu training with elements of Chinese philosophy to create Chen style Tai Chi. Popular belief holds that many modern styles of Taijiquan have been derived from the Chen style. Wenxian is listed as Taijiquan's birthplace on the UNESCO website.
Different from Shaolin Kungfu's powerful approach, Taijiquan looks softer and slower. This soft yet powerful spirit runs through the style of Chenjiagou, which has about 300 years of Taijiquan history.
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The Chen style Taijiquan was passed down the generations. Chen Ziqiang is a direct offspring of Chen Wangting. His uncle Chen Xiaowang is now a world-renowned T'ai Chi master and his father Chen Xiaoxing, a leading actor in the video that China submitted to the UNESCO when applying for the honor, also has gained international fame. 1 .What can we know from paragraph 1? A．Taijiquan benefits our body.
B．Taijiquan is for competition.
D．Taijiquan features quick movements.
C．Taijiquan is in a stressful movement. 答案：A
2 .What does the underlined word “derived” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Declined. 答案：B
3 .What can we know about Chen style T'ai Chi from the text? A．The Chen style is softer and slower than modern styles of T'ai Chi B．The Chen style has a great impact on philosophy of China. C．It has about 300 years of history. D．It was created by animals' fight. 答案：C
4 .In which section of newspaper can you read the text? A．Music. 答案：D 【答案解析】
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B．Developed. C．Obtained. D．Differed.
B．Science. C．Advertisement. D．Culture.
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统体育运动——太极拳，包括其起源和运动特色等情况。 【详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中““Taijiquan is a traditional physical practice in China
characterized by relaxed, circular movements that work with breath regulation.” thus reads the introduction of Taijiquan by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO) on its website. Also referred to as T'ai Chi or Chinese boxing, Taijiquan has been a well-known physical practice worldwide. (联合国教育、科学及文化组织在其网站上介绍太极拳时这样写道：太极拳是中国的一种传统体育运动，其特点是进行放松、循环的动作，并调节呼吸。也被称为太极拳或中国拳击，太极拳一直是世界闻名的体育锻炼)”可知，太极拳对身体有益。故选A。 【详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第三段中“In the mid-17th century, a retired general and village head named Chen Wangting combined his kungfu training with elements of Chinese philosophy to create Chen style Tai Chi.(17世纪中叶，一位名叫陈望廷的退休将军兼村长将自己的功夫训练与中国哲学元素结合起来，创造了陈式太极拳)”以及画线词上文“Popular belief holds that many modern styles of Taijiquan have been”和后文“from the Chen style”可知，陈望廷创造了陈式太极拳，因此人们普遍认为，许多现代风格的太极拳都是从陈式太极拳发展而来的。故画线词意思是“发展”。A. Declined.减少；B. Developed.发展；C. Obtained.获得；D. Differed.区别。故选B。 【详解】
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细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This soft yet powerful spirit runs through the style of Chenjiagou, which has about 300 years of Taijiquan history. ( 这种柔美而有力的精神贯穿着陈家沟太极拳的风格。陈家沟已有300多年的太极拳历史)”可知，陈式太极拳有大约300年的历史。故选C。 【详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段““Taijiquan is a traditional physical practice in China characterized by relaxed, circular movements that work with breath regulation.” thus reads the introduction of Taijiquan by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO) on its website. Also referred to as T'ai Chi or Chinese boxing, Taijiquan has been a well-known physical practice worldwide. For a long time, different stories regarding the birthplace of Taijiquan have made the rounds, focusing mainly on two places-Wudang Mountain in Hubei Province, central China, and Wenxian County. (联合国教育、科学及文化组织在其网站上介绍太极拳时这样写道：太极拳是中国的一种传统体育运动，其特点是进行放松、循环的动作，并调节呼吸。也被称为太极拳或中国拳击，太极拳一直是世界闻名的体育锻炼。长期以来，关于太极拳的发源地流传着不同的故事，主要集中在中国中部湖北省的武当山和文县两个地方)”可知，文章介绍了中国传统体育运动——太极拳，包括其起源和运动特色等情况。太极拳属于文化范畴，由此推知，文章可能选自报纸的“文化”版面。故选D。 Passage five
In 1973, Mark Granovetter, a sociology professor at Stanford University, published a paper entitled The Strength of Weak Ties. It went on to become one of the most influential sociology
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papers of all time. Until then scholars had assumed that an individual’s well-being depended mainly on the quality of relationships with close friends and family. Granovetter showed that quantity matters, too. He categories a person’s social world as “strong ties” and “weak ties”. His central insight was that for new messages and ideas, weak ties are more important to us than strong ones. As Granovetter pointed out, the people whom we often talk to swim in the same pool of information as we do. We depend on acquaintances whom we see infrequently to bring us news of opportunities.
This was the idea behind the Pixar building, the design of which was made by Steve Jobs. The building has a large central hall through which all employees have to pass several times a day. Jobs wanted colleagues to run into each other, grab coffee and have a chat. He believed in the power of these seemingly random conversations to fire up creativity.
Encounters with weak ties can be good for our mental wellbeing, too. Gillian Sandstrom, a senior lecturer in psychology at the University of Essex, investigated the extent to which people get happiness from weak-tie relationships. She found that on days when a participant had a greater number of casual interactions with weak ties — say, a neighbour, a member of yoga class – they experienced more happiness and a greater sense of belonging. For all these reasons, we should continue to try and find ways to cultivate weak-tie
relationships. Sandstrom adds that we can also engage in more weak-tie-style interactions with our strong ties. The goal is to let others know you are thinking of them without asking for a great deal of time, energy or attention.
1 .Why does Granovetter think weak ties are more important? A．They are smaller in number.
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B．They form same circle of friends. C．They are sources of new information . D．They are related to close friends and family. 答案：C
2 .Which of the following can be categorized as weak ties? A．Neighbors. C．Parents. 答案：A
3 .What is the function of the central hall in Pixar building? A．It helps staff build friendship. B．It allows staff to have a break. C．It encourages staff to meet and chat. D．It helps Jobs communicate with staff. 答案：C
4 .What does Sandstrom want to convey in the last paragraph? A．We can develop weak ties into strong ties. B．We should spend more time with strong ties. C．We should balance weak ties with strong ties. D．We can apply casual interactions to strong ties. 答案：D
B．Best friends. D．Husband or wife.
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【答案解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1973年，斯坦福大学社会学教授Mark Granovetter发表了一篇名为《弱关系的强度》的论文。它后来成为有史以来最具影响力的社会学论文之一。在此之前，学者们一直认为，个人的幸福主要取决于与亲密朋友和家人的关系质量。格兰诺维特指出，数量也很重要。 【详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第六句内容“His central insight was that for new messages and ideas, weak ties are more important to us than strong ones.(他的核心观点是，对于新的信息和思想，弱关系比强关系对我们更重要)”以及第一段最后一句内容“We depend on acquaintances whom we see infrequently to bring us news of opportunities.（我们依靠不常见面的熟人给我们带来机遇的消息)”可知，格兰诺维特认为对于新的信息和思想，弱关系比强关系对我们更重要，他举例经常交谈的人同在一个信息池中，而不常见面的熟人才会给我们带来机遇的消息。故选C项。 【详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句内容“She found that on days when a participant had a greater number of casual interactions with weak ties — say, a neighbour, a member of yoga class – they experienced more happiness and a greater sense of belonging. (当参与者与弱关系比如邻居、瑜伽班的成员有更多的随意互动时，他们会体验到更多的快乐和更强的归属感)”可知，邻居属于弱关系。故选A项。 【详解】
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细节理解题。根据第二段第三句内容“The building has a large central hall through which all employees have to pass several times a day. Jobs wanted colleagues to run into each other, grab coffee and have a chat. (大楼有一个很大的中央大厅，所有员工每天都要经过几次。乔布斯希望同事们能偶遇， 喝杯咖啡，聊聊天)”可知，中央大厅的功能就是供人们相见、喝咖啡和聊天。故选C项。 【详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“For all these reasons, we should continue to try and find ways to cultivate weak-tie relationships. Sandstrom adds that we can also engage in more weak-tie-style interactions with our strong ties. The goal is to let others know you are thinking of them without asking for a great deal of time, energy or attention.(基于这些原因，我们应该继续努力寻找培养弱关系的方法。Sandstrom补充道，我们也可以利用我们的强联系参与更多弱联系类型的互动。这样做的目的是让别人知道你在想他们，而不需要太多的时间、精力或注意力)”可知，Sandstrom认为应该努力寻找培养弱关系的方法，利用强联系参与更多弱联系类型的互动。故选D项 Passage six
Regardless of how famous they are, and despite the star treatment they receive, many celebrities make it a point to give back to charities. Some have even set up their own private foundations. Their widely publicised visits to troubled areas of the world help to raise awareness of issues such as famine and poverty. According to Jane Cooper of Unicef UK, celebrities have a unique ability to reach huge numbers of people, many of whom might not otherwise be engaged in charitable causes. She pointed out that famous faces had played a
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significant role in raising funds in recent years, and their energies had produced tangible results, such as enabling millions of children in poorer countries to attend school.
But in spite of these successes there is evidence to suggest that celebrity endorsement (代言) may be overrated. In a survey of members of the public to find out if celebrity involvement would encourage people to donate, researchers found that the impact was not as great as previously thought. When shown a list of well-known organisations and famous people who represent them, over half of respondents were unable to match the celebrity with the cause. What’s more, three quarters claimed that they didn’t respond to celebrity endorsement in any way. The survey also showed that a few names did stand out as being associated with particular charities. But the presence of a celebrity in a campaign, was not a significant factor when it came to a decision to donate time or money. Instead, the majority of people contribute because of personal connections in their lives and families which make a charity important to them. In another study aimed at young people, most participants cited a compelling (无法抗拒的) mission as their main motivation to give. The second most important incentive was if a friend or peer recommended supporting a particular cause. Only two percent of respondents said they were motivated by celebrity endorsement. This seems to contradict the general assumption that teenagers are particularly influenced by famous people. One possible explanation is that there is a general fatigue (疲倦) with celebrity culture. There is also a suspicion that the stars are the one who benefit most when they offer to do charity work. Some critics have accused that celebrities might actually take attention away from issues by attracting more attention than the causes they represent.
So taking all these issues into account, is it time for charities to rethink their campaign
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strategies and look for alternative ways to reach new audiences? Whichever point of view you favour, there seems to be opportunities for more research into how charity campaigns might develop relationships with celebrities to maximise their potential. This in turn will open up more engagement, and better targeted campaigns-which can only benefit those who really matter — the people and animals that are in need of assistance.
1 .What does the underlined word “tangible” in paragraph I probably mean? A．Definite. 答案：A
2 .According to the passage, most people contribute to charities because ________. A．they gain benefit from the charities B．they are forced to finish a necessary task C．they believe in the famous people they like D．they are inspired by the people around them 答案：D
3 .The third paragraph is mainly about ________. A．what celebrities achieve in doing charities B．How young people react to celebrity culture
C．why young people are hardly influenced by celebrities D．who is to blame for taking attention away from charities 答案：C
4 .What is the author's attitude towards celebrity doing charities?
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B．Complicated. C．Limited. D．Temporary.
A．Objective. C．Negative. 答案：A 【答案解析】
B．Positive. D．Unclear.
这是一篇议论文。文章主要分析了名人做慈善的利与弊。 【详解】
词句猜测题。第一段划线词所在句“She pointed out that famous faces had played a
significant role in raising funds in recent years, and their energies had produced tangible results, such as enabling millions of children in poorer countries to attend school.(她指出，名人近年来在筹集资金方面发挥了重要作用，他们的精力产生了切实的成果，比如让贫困国家的数百万儿童上学)”中的“such as enabling millions of children in poorer countries to attend school”部分表明，名人们在慈善方面的努力取得了实在的成果，所以可以推测tangible意为“切实的，实在的”。A. Definite.确切的；B. Complicated.复杂的；C. Limited.有限的；D. Temporary.暂时的。所以A选项和划线词词义最接近，B、C、D都不符合。故选A项。 【详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Instead, the majority of people contribute because of personal connections in their lives and families which make a charity important to them.(相反，大多数人捐款是因为他们生活和家庭中的私人关系，这使得慈善对他们很重要)”可知，大多数人向慈善机构捐款是因为他们受到周围人的鼓舞。故选D项。
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【详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Only two per cent of respondents said they were motivated by celebrity endorsement. This seems to contradict the general assumption that teenagers are particularly influenced by famous people.(只有2%的受访者说他们受到名人代言的激励。这似乎与一般的假设相矛盾，即青少年特别容易受到名人的影响)”可知，与一般的假设相反的是，青年人几乎不会受到名人的影响，余下内容“One possible explanation is that…There is also a suspicion that…Some critics have accused that…”则主要讲述了原因，所以第三段主要讲述青少年几乎不受名人影响的原因。故选C项。 【详解】
推理判断题。文章前面主要讲述了名人做慈善带来的切实的成果以及被夸大的现象，最后一段“So taking all these issues into account, is it time for charities to rethink their campaign strategies and look for alternative ways to reach new audiences?... This in turn will open up more engagement, and better targeted campaigns-which can only benefit those who really matter — the people and animals that are in need of assistance.(因此，考虑到所有这些问题，慈善机构是否应该重新考虑他们的竞选策略，寻找其他途径来接触新的受众？……这反过来又会促进更多的参与和更有针对性的运动——这只会让真正重要的人受益——那些需要援助的人和动物)”提出慈善机构应该多方考虑，最终目的是使得真正需要的人或动物受益。所以作者是以客观的态度来分析名人做慈善这件事。A. Objective.客观的；B. Positive.积极的；C. Negative.消极的；D. Unclear.不清楚的。故选A项。 Passage seven
The latest sports craze is not even a sport. According to a recent article, “e-sports” are
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attracting a large number of audience.
In e-sports, players and teams compete in popular video computer games such as Dota 2 and Ovenvatch. Fans fill arenas to watch the action live on huge television screens.
The games have gone way past kids playing against each other while sitting on a sofa at home. The International, a major competition for players of Dota 2, awarded $24 million in prizes, with the winner taking home almost $11 million. A recent e-sports competition attracted more than 80,000 fans to the Olympic Stadium in Beijing, China.
I have to admit that I am not a big fan of computer games. I know that some games can be educational, but I think too many kids spend too much time sitting in front of a screen shooting space aliens. I think it would be better if kids spent more time reading or playing real sports such as basketball, baseball and soccer.
And please don’t tell me that competitive gaming is real sport because it requires hand-eye coordination. According to my American Heritage Dictionary, a sport is “an activity involving physical effort and skill.” I don’t think anyone works up much of a sweat playing video games. Too often, regular sports send kids a kind of message. Competition starts early, when lots of kids are not ready for the ups and downs of games. Tryouts and travel teams come next, giving too many kids the message they are “not good” at sports. So lots of kids quit sports and start playing more video games.
Maybe everyone in youth sports, including coaches, parents and kids, should think more about the advantages of real sports.
1 .What are “e-sports” according to the text? A．Sports events on television screens.
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B．Easy sports games for kids. C．Video computer game competitions. D．The latest sports in the Olympics. 答案：C
2 .What might the author think of “e-sports”? A．They are not instructive. B．They should be banned in school. C．They need too much time and money.
D．They have some negative influence on children. 答案：D
3 .What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce a new kind of sport. B．To introduce a competition held in Beijing. C．To explain the importance of playing sports.
D．To call on people to pay more attention to traditional sports. 答案：D
4 .Where is this text most likely from?
A．A guidebook. B．A magazine. C．A novel. 答案：B 【答案解析】
D．A brochure.
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本文是议论文。文中作者介绍了电子竞技受欢迎的现象，表达了对此现象的担忧。建议我们看到真正运动的好处，呼吁人们更多地关注传统体育。 【详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In e-sports, players and teams compete in popular video computer games such as Dota 2 and Ovenvatch. Fans fill arenas to watch the action live on huge television screens. (在电子竞技中，玩家和团队在Dota2和Ovenvatch等流行的电子游戏中竞争。粉丝们挤满了球场，在巨大的电视屏幕上观看现场直播。)”可知，电子竟技是电脑游戏(video computer games)的比赛。故选C 项。 【详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段 “I know that some games can be educational, but I think too many kids spend too much time sitting in front of a screen shooting space aliens. I think it would be better if kids spent more time reading or playing real sports such as basketball, baseball and soccer.(我知道有些游戏是有教育意义的，但我认为太多的孩子花太多的时间坐在屏幕前射击外星人。我认为如果孩子们能花更多的时间来阅读或玩真正的运动，比如篮球棒球和足球，那就更好了。)”以及最后一段 “Maybe everyone in youth sports, including coaches, parents and kids, should think more about the advantages of real sports.(也许每个年轻人，包括教练、父母和孩子，都应该多想想真正体育运动的好处)”可推知，作者认为电子竞技对孩子们造成了一些消极影响，更倾向孩子们进行真正的体育运动。故选D项。 【详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“I think it would be better if kids spent more time reading or playing
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real sports such as basketball, baseball and soccer.(我认为如果孩子们能花更多的时间来阅读或玩真正的运动，比如篮球、棒球和足球，那就更好了。)”和最后段中的“Maybe everyone in youth sports, including coaches, parents and kids, should think more about the advantages of real sports.(也许每个年轻人, 包括教练、父母和孩子都应该多想想真正体育运动的好处。)”可推知，作者的目的是呼吁人们应该更多地关注真正体育（即传统体育）。故选D项。 【详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第一段“The latest sports craze is not even a sport. According to a recent article, “e-sports” are attracting a large number of audience.（最近的运动热潮甚至不是一项运动。根据最近的一篇文章，“电子竞技”正吸引着大量的观众。）”和第四段 “I know that some games can be educational, but I think too many kids spend too much time sitting in front of a screen shooting space aliens. I think it would be better if kids spent more time reading or playing real sports such as basketball, baseball and soccer.(我知道有些游戏是有教育意义的，但我认为太多的孩子花太多的时间坐在屏幕前射击外星人。我认为如果孩子们能花更多的时间来阅读或玩真正的运动，比如篮球棒球和足球，那就更好了。)可知，文中作者介绍了电子竞技受欢迎的现象，表达了对此现象的担忧。建议我们看到真正运动的好处，呼吁人们更多地关注传统体育。即本文讨论了一种社会现象，由此推知，本文应该出自杂志（magazine）里面的文章。故选B项。 Passage eight
We have often heard that “work smart and not hard”. Does only smart work bring you success? And if so, then why are so many of us still busy putting our blood and sweat into
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working hard? Here, we’ll discuss hard work and smart work.
Hard work sticks to the traditional form of doing work. It is all about consistently working towards a particular goal irrespective (不考虑的) of its worth, not being worried about the result and not using any means to reduce your effort. Hard work requires a lot of commitment and sincerity from the person. Although being boring and tiresome, it can give you the best results if it is done with heart and soul.
One of the preconditions of smart work is having an in-depth knowledge or experience of the work in hand, because that allows you to look for efficient ways to do the work in a planned and organized manner. Being a smart worker saves a lot of time as you can find means to reduce your work by using logical and innovative ways to achieve your goals. Besides, it also gives you enough time to learn a new task while completing the present one.
Although it seems that smart work is a better option, what we forget is that smart work is the fruit of hard work. Only when you work hard you gather the expertise (专业技能) and the knowledge to understand the work in hand and efficiently improve on it and work smartly. So which do you think should be preferred? We are sure you have heard of “United we stand, divided we fall.”, and that is true in this case too. You will attain great heights and lead a better and comfortable life if you combine both smart and hard work together. If you are not smart your hard work will never pay. A donkey only does hard work, while a horse does hard work and uses its smartness whenever and wherever it needs. In a similar way, smart work is the result of hard work. To master the quality of smart work, you really need to work hard. Through hard work, we gain experience which helps us discover new things that in turn enables us to work smartly. The effort is important, but where to make that effort makes a difference.
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1 .What can we learn about hard workers from Paragraph 2? A．They lack proper work skills. B．They always have great patience. C．They tend to ignore the goal of work. D．They obtain excellent results from their work. 答案：B
2 .Smart workers can save a lot of time by ________. A．making a sensible plan B．making use of creative ways C．learning experience from others D．getting inspiration from a new task 答案：B
3 .What does the author think of hard work? A．It is inspiring. C．It is challenging. 答案：D
4 .In the author’s view, the improvement of work pattern requires ________. A．keeping working hard
B．finding a method of working smartly C．combining smart work with hard work
D．choosing a suitable way of working based on your need
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B．It is efficient. D．It is fundamental.
答案：C
5 .What does the example of donkey in Paragraph 6 intend to show? A．It is useless to work hard. B．It is necessary to work smartly. C．The efforts you make matter most. D．The horse is cleverer than the donkey. 答案：B 【答案解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了勤奋工作和聪明工作的特点，并表示工作方式的改进需要聪明工作与勤奋工作相结合。 【详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“Hard work requires a lot of commitment and sincerity from the person.”(勤奋工作需要这个人很多的投入和真诚。)和第二句“It is all about consistently working towards a particular goal irrespective (不考虑的) of its worth, not being worried about the result and not using any means to reduce your effort.”(这是一个始终如一地朝着某个目标努力的过程，而不管它的价值如何，不担心结果，也不用任何方法来减少你的努力。)可知，勤奋的人总是很有耐心。故选B。 【详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Being a smart worker saves a lot of time as you can find means to reduce your work by using logical and innovative ways to achieve your goals.”(做一
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个聪明的员工节省很多时间，因为你可以用有逻辑的创新的实现目标的方法来找到减少工作的方式）可知，聪明的员工可以通过创造性的方式节省大量的时间。故选B。 【详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Although it seems that smart work is a better option, what we forget is that smart work is the fruit of hard work. Only when you work hard you gather the expertise (专业技能) and the knowledge to understand the work in hand and efficiently improve on it and work smartly.”(虽然看起来聪明的工作是一个更好的选择，但我们忘记的是聪明的工作是努力工作的结果。只有当你努力工作的时候，你才能收集专业技能和知识来理解手头的工作，并有效地改进它，聪明地工作。)可知，作者认为勤奋工作是根本。故选D。 【详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“You will attain great heights and lead a better and comfortable life if you combine both smart and hard work together.”(如果你把聪明和勤奋结合起来，你会达到更高的境界，过上更好更舒适的生活。)可知，作者认为，工作方式的改进需要聪明工作与勤奋工作相结合。故选C。 【详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第四句“If you are not smart your hard work will never pay.”(如果你不聪明，你的努力就永远不会有回报。)和第五句“A donkey only does hard work, while a horse does hard work and uses its smartness whenever and wherever it needs.”(驴子只埋头苦干，而马则勤奋工作，随时随地发挥它的聪明才智。)可知，第6段中的驴子的例
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子意在说明聪明地工作是必要的。故选B。 Passage nine
Even as self-driving cars become more and more popular, there’s one problem that Silicon Valley hasn’t solved: the traffic jam. But Airbus Group, a U.S. aeronautics and space company, thinks that it has a solution. The company’s Silicon Valley branch recently announced it’s been working on a secret project titled “Vahana”, an autonomous flying vehicle that can be used for both passenger and cargo (货物) transport.
Airbus’ flying taxi resembles a drone in design, and would use multiple propellers (螺旋桨) to travel medium-length distances. Developers in France and Germany are working on an electrically operated platform that would allow the flying taxi to carry multiple passengers once between city destinations. Currently, no countries allow completely autonomous aerial vehicles, so the vehicle would initially be manned by a pilot.
Flight tests of the first Vahana prototype (原型) are planned, in the hope of bringing the product to consumers quickly. That’s about a decade sooner than another future-travel system Hyperloop One.
“I’m no big fan of Star Wars, but it’s not crazy to imagine that one day our big cities will have flying cars making their way along roads in the sky,” says Airbus Group CEO Tom Enders. “In a not too distant future, we’ll use our smartphones to book a fully automated flying taxi that will land outside our front door — without any pilot.”
But before you get too excited about beating rush-hour traffic, it’s worth noting that the company has a lot of technological kinks to work out before the product is ready to test. The same sensor technology that allows self-driving cars to avoid accidents doesn’t exist for aerial
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vehicles. Airbus Group isn’t the only company trying to get in the autonomous air transportation game. There are a number of cargo drone companies on the market and the Ehang 184, a Chinese passenger drone, began flight testing in June. 1 .Why does the present flying taxi have to be manned?
A．It makes urban planning hard. B．It makes future traffic busy. C．It’s not legally permitted. D．It may cause accidents.
答案：C
2 .What is Tom Enders’s attitude towards the project? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Disapproving. D．Uncaring.
答案：B
3 .What does the underlined word “kinks” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Barriers. B．Strategies. C．Solutions. D．Means.
答案：A
4 .What’s the best title of the text? A．A Solution to Worldwide Traffic Jams B．Airbus Joins the Air Transportation Game C．Airbus Will Make Flying Taxis a Reality D．A Bright Future of Flying Vehicles 答案：C 【答案解析】
本文是一篇说明文。尽管无人驾驶汽车越来越受欢迎，但还有一个问题没有解决：交通
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堵塞。为解决这一问题，美国空中客车集团（Airbus Group）正在研究可以同时用于客运和货运的自动飞行器。 【详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Currently, no countries allow completely autonomous aerial vehicles, so the vehicle would initially be manned by a pilot(目前，没有任何国家允许完全自动驾驶飞行器，所以该车辆最初将由飞行员驾驶)”可知，目前没有一个国家允许完全自主的空中交通工具，因此现在必须有人驾驶。故选C。 【详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的Tom Enders 说的话“but it’s not crazy to imagine that one day our big cities will have flying cars making their way along roads in the sky(但想象有一天我们的大城市会有空中的汽车行驶，这并不疯狂)” In a not too distant future, we’ll use our smartphones to book a fully automated flying taxi that will land outside our front door — without any pilot. (在不久的将来，我们将使用智能手机预订一辆全自动的飞行出租车，它将降落在前门外，没有飞行员)”可推断，Tom Enders 对于自动飞行器的看法是乐观的。故选B。 【详解】
词义猜测题。根据下文“The same sensor technology that allows self-driving cars to avoid accidents doesn’t exist for aerial vehicles(飞行器不存在允许自动驾驶汽车避免事故的传感器技术)”可知，能让和自动驾驶汽车一样避免事故的传感技术在空中交通工具上并不存在，还有很多技术问题需要解决。所以kinks在文中意为“问题”。故选A。
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【详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“The company’s Silicon Valley branch recently announced it’s been working on a secret project titled “Vahana”, an autonomous flying vehicle that can be used for both passenger and cargo (货物) transport.( 该公司的硅谷分公司最近宣布，他们正在进行一个名为“Vahana”的秘密项目，这是一种可用于乘客和货物运输的自动驾驶飞行器)”以及下文内容可知，本文主要讲述了美国空中客车集团正在研究可以同时用于客运和货运的自动飞行器。因此推断C项“Airbus将使飞行出租车成为现实”为最佳标题。故选C。 Passage ten
Mary Krupa became friends with the grey squirrels during her first week at Penn State, after spotting them running around and idly(漫不经心地) wondering what they would look like with tiny hats on their heads. Today, everyone at the university knows her as the “Squirrel Girl”. Mary started bringing them food, and gradually they began to trust her. She managed to put a hat on a squirrel and take a picture. Thinking that her colleagues could do with something to lift their spirits, she started posting similar photos on Facebook. The response was greatly positive, and before long Mary and her squirrels became an Internet sensation. Growing up in a neighborhood outside of State College, Mary was always fond of birds and animals around her home, but she didn’t interact(交流) with people very much. She was later diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome, but the squirrels changed that. “The squirrels help me break the ice, because I’ll be sitting here patting a squirrel and other people will come over and we’ll just start like feeding the squirrels together and chatting about them.” she said. “I am a lot
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more outgoing.”
And in case you’re wondering how Mary is able to get the squirrels to do what she wants for her photos, it has a lot to do with food. For example, whenever she wants them to hold or play with something, she puts peanut butter on the prop(道具), and they’ll grab it. But getting to that part took a while. In the beginning, she would throw peanuts up the trees on campus and invite the squirrels to come down and get them, but they hesitated to approach her. She had the patience to earn their trust, though.
This year, Mary is graduating with a degree in English and wildlife sciences. She wants to be a science writer and educate people on how to preserve the environment. As for her furry friends, Mary plans to stay in the area and visit them as often as she can.
1 .What does the underlined word “sensation” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Hit. C．Attack. 答案：A
2 .What kind of change do squirrels bring to Mary? A．She is sicker than before. B．She is more interested in animals. C．She is more sociable than before. D．She is less willing to go to college. 答案：C
3 .How did Mary manage to take photos of squirrels wearing hats?
B．Challenge. D．Link.
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A．By putting them in cages. B．By playing music to them.
C．By attracting them with colorful food. D．By building a close relationship with them. 答案：D
4 .Which words can best describe Mary? A．Confident and strong. C．Sociable and healthy. 答案：B 【答案解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“松鼠女孩”玛丽和松鼠之间的故事，可爱的小松鼠让患有阿斯伯格综合症的玛丽变得开朗起来。 【详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段“Thinking that her colleagues could do with something to lift their spirits, she started posting similar photos on Facebook. The response was greatly positive, and before long Mary and her squirrels became an Internet sensation. ”可知她张贴了一些照片在Facebook上，反响很积极因此不久之后她和松鼠都成了网红。再看选项中hit作名词是表示a person or thing that is very popular.很受欢迎的人（物）。故选A项。 【详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Growing up in a neighborhood outside of State College, Mary
B．Patient and caring.
D．Traditional and hardworking.
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was always fond of birds and animals around her home, but she didn’t interact(交流) with people very much.（成长在一个街区之外的州立大学,玛丽总是喜欢鸟类和动物在她家里,但她没有交流的人。）”和“I am a lot more outgoing.（我外向得多了。）”可知，Mary之前不善于和人交往，但是松鼠改变了她，使她变得更开朗了，即松鼠使她比之前善于交际了。故选C项。 【详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mary started bringing them food, and gradually they began to trust her. She managed to put a hat on a squirrel and take a picture.（玛丽开始给他们送食物，渐渐地，他们开始信任她了。她给松鼠戴上了帽子，还拍了张照片。）”可知，玛丽是通过与松鼠建立密切的关系（信任）拍到松鼠戴帽子的照片的。故选D项。 【详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Mary started bringing them food, and gradually they began to trust her. （玛丽开始给他们送食物，渐渐地，他们开始信任她了。）”可知，玛丽喂小松鼠食物，这说明她关心小动物；再根据倒数第二段中的“In the beginning, she would throw peanuts up the trees on campus and invite the squirrels to come down and get them, but they hesitated to approach her.She had the patience to earn their trust, though.（刚开始的时候，她会把花生扔到校园里的树上，邀请松鼠下来拿花生，但松鼠们犹豫着要不要接近她。不过，她有耐心赢得它们的信任）”可知，松鼠们不敢靠近她，不过，她有耐心赢得它们的信任，这说明她有耐心，由此可知，玛丽既有耐心又关爱小动物，故选B项。
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