翻译二级笔译实务-5

(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、{{B}}Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：30.00)

1.It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never be used. I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge. If the Bill of Rights contains no guarantee that a citizen shall be secure against lethal poisons distributed either by private individuals or by public officials, it is surely only because our forefathers, despite their considerable wisdom and foresight, could conceive of no such problem. I contend, furthermore, that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to condone our lack of prudent concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life. There is still very limited awareness of the nature of the threat. This is an era of specialists, each of whom sees his own problem and is unaware of or intolerant of the larger frame into which it fits. It is also an era dominated by industry, in which the right to make a dollar at whatever cost is seldom challenged. When the public protests, confronted with some obvious evidence of damaging results of pesticide applications, it is fed little tranquilizing pills of half truth. We urgently need an end to these false assurances, to the sugar coating of unpalatable facts. It is the public that is being asked to assume the risks that the insect controllers calculate. The public must decide whether it wishes to continue on the present road, and it can do so only when in full possession of the facts. In the words of Jean Rostand, \"The obligation to endure gives us the right to know.\" （分数：30.00）

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解析：我并不主张化学杀虫剂绝对不能使用。但我认为我们已把化学毒药不加区别地置于某些人的乎中，他们不甚了解或者全然不了解这些化学毒药具有潜在的造成危害的能力。我们迫使众多的人接触这些毒药，并未征得他们的同意，而且他们往往并不知道。如果说《宣言》没有规定要保证公民不受致命毒药的危害，无论这种毒药是来自私人还是来自，那肯定只是因为我们的祖先虽然具有远见卓识，却不可能想到这类问题。 我还认为，我们容许使用这些化学毒药，却并未调查或很少调查它们对土壤、水、野生动物和人类本身有什么影响。我们不认真关心一切生命赖以生存的自然界的完整性，我们的后代是不会宽恕我们的。 于这究竟是怎样一种危害，人们的认识仍然极为有限。当今是专家时代，每一位专家只看到自己的问题，认识不到或者并不顾及更大的范畴，而他面临的问题只是其中的一部分。当今也是工业主宰一切的时代，人们有权为赚取一块钱而不惜任何代价，却很少有人过问。公众因看到一些明显的证据证明使用杀虫剂造成了破坏性的后果而表示不满，就给他们吃一些用半真半假的话制作的小药丸，使他们镇静下来。我们急需结束这些虚假的宽心话，结束这种给难以接受的事实裹糖衣的作法。治虫者设置的这些风险是要由公众来承担的。因此公众必须作出决定，是否愿意在现在这条路上走下去，而要这样做，就必须充分掌握真实的情况。用让·罗斯丹的话来说：“一定要让我们忍受，我们就有知情权。” [采分点解析] 1．I do contend that we have pot poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. 但我认为我们已把化学毒药不加区别地置于某些人的手中，他们不甚了解或者全然不了解这些化学毒药具有潜在的造成危害的能力。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 该句可译成两个句子。翻译形容词短语largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm时，增加“他们”作主语，形容词ignorant转译成动词“不了解”，这部分泽成“他们不甚了解或者全然不了解这些化学毒药具有潜在的造成危害的能力”。indiscriminate指“不分青红皂白的，不加选择的，不受的”。 2．We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons. without their consent and often without their knowledge. 我们迫使众多的人

接触这些毒药，并未征得他们的同意，而且他们往往并不知道。 [分析] 理解表达采分点。 在翻译介词短语without their consent时，要增加动词“征得”。介词短语often without their knowledge译成一个分句“他们往往并不知道”，without sb.'s knowledge指在某人不知情的情况下。knowledge要转译为动词。“知道”。 subject...to...指“使……遭受到……”。subject，这里应选择其“使”的含义。 3．If the Bill of Rights contains no guarantee that a citizen shall be secure against lethal poisons distributed either by private individuals or by public officials, it is surely only because our forefathers, despite their considerable wisdom and foresight, could conceive of no such problem. 如果说《宣言》没有规定要保证公民不受致命毒药的危害，无论这种毒药是来自私人还是来自，那肯定只是因为我们的祖先虽然具有远见卓识，却不可能想到这类问题。 [分析] 理解表达采分点及基本素质采分点。 Bill of Rights《权利法案》是美国前十条修正案。lethal指“致命的，致死的”。介词短语despite their considerable wisdom and foresight作为插入语，用来进一步解释说明先人的特点。因此翻译时应将其放在转折之前。即“即使他们具有远见卓识，他们也想象不到……”。considerable意为“相当可观的，相当大的”，在句中修饰wisdom and foresight，可以翻译成“大智慧和远见卓识”。短语 conceive of sth. 意思是“想到某事”。 4．Future generations are unlikely to condone our lack of prudent concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life. 如果我们不认真关心一切生命赖以生存的自然界的完整性，我们的后代是不会宽恕我们的。 [分析] 理解表达采分点。 原句可以通过断句及增译的方法翻译成一个条件句。Future generations are unlikely to condone是句子的主要部分，译成主句“我们的后代是不会宽恕我们的”，宾语及定语从句our lack of prudent concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life翻译成条件分句，增加主语，名词concern转译成动词。condone指“宽恕，赦免”。 5．This is an era of specialists, each of whom sees his own problem and is unaware of or intolerant of the larger frame into which it fits. 当今是专家时代，每一位专家只看到自己的问题，认识不到或者并不顾及更大的范畴，而他面临的问题只是其中的一部分。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 本句是一个非限定性定语从句，which指代的是前面所提及的larger frame，从句单独翻译成一句话。it 所指的就是前面句子中的“his own problem”。因此这句话应该这样理解，即这些专家们只看到自己领域内的问题，而这些问题实际上是属于一个更大的范畴之内的。 6．It is also an era dominated by industry, in which the right to make a dollar at whatever cost is seldom challenged. 当今也是工业主宰一切的时代，人们有权为赚取一块钱而不惜任何代价，却很少有人过问。 [分析] 理解表达采分点。 at cost指“以……的价格或成本”。at whatever cost指“不惜任何代价”。此句是一个非性定语从句，which后面所跟成分解释说明这一工业时代的特点，即人们有权利去不惜任何代价赚取金钱，并且这一权利is seldom challenged，很少被人质疑和挑战。challenge可以翻译成“质疑，过问”。 7．When the public protests, confronted with some obvious evidence of damaging results of pesticide applications, it is fed little tranquilizing pills of half truth. 公众因看到一些明显的证据证明使用杀虫剂造成了破坏性的后果而表示不满，就给他们吃一些用半真半假的话制作的小药丸，使他们镇静下来。 [分析] 理解表达采分点。 protest指“，不满”；tranquilize指“宁静，安静”，tranquilizing pills译成“镇静剂”。在这里比喻的安抚，即()会给公众一些半真半假的解释，就如同那些镇静药片一样，从而起到镇静和安抚作用。 8．In the words of Jean Rostand, \"The obligation to endure gives us the right to know.\"用让·罗斯丹的话来说：“一定要让我们忍受，我们就有知情权。” [分析] 理解表达采分点。 right to know译成“知情权”。obligation to endure指“忍受或忍耐的义务”，即如果要公众履行其沉默或忍受的义务，那么必须给他们知情权。

二、{{B}}Part B Choice of Two Translations{{/B}}(总题数：2，分数：60.00)

2.For the first time in the history of the world, every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death. In the less than two decades of their use, the synthetic pesticides have been so thoroughly distributed throughout the animate and inanimate world that they occur virtually everywhere. They have been recovered from most of the major river systems and even from streams of groundwater flowing unseen through the earth. Residues of these chemicals linger in soil to which they may have been applied a dozen years before. They have entered and lodged in the bodies of fish, birds, reptiles, and domestic and wild animals so universally that scientists carrying on animal experiments find it almost impossible to locate subjects free from such contamination. They have been found in fish in remote mountain lakes,

in earthworms burrowing in soil, in the eggs of birds — and in man himself. For these chemicals arc now stored in the bodies of the vast majority of human beings, regardless of age. They occur in the mother's milk, and probably in the tissues of the unborn child. All this has come about because of the sudden rise and prodigious growth of an industry for the production of man-made or synthetic chemicals with insecticidal properties. This industry is a child of the Second World War. In the course of developing agents of chemical warfare, some of the chemicals created in the laboratory were found to be lethal to insects. The discovery did not come by chance: insects were widely used to test chemicals as agents of death for man. The result has been a seemingly endless stream of synthetic insecticides. What sets the new synthetic insecticides apart is their enormous biological potency. They have immense power not merely to poison but to enter into the most vital processes of the body and change them in sinister and often deadly ways. Thus, as we shall see, they destroy the very enzymes whose function is to protect the body from harm, they block the oxidation processes from which the body receives its energy, they prevent the normal functioning of various organs, and they may initiate in certain ceils the slow and irreversible change that leads to malignancy. （分数：30.00）

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解析：现在人类的每一个成员，从妊娠之初到寿终正寝，都在被迫接触危险的化学制品，在世界历史上还是头一次出现这种情况。在使用合成杀虫剂的不到20年的时间里，杀虫剂在生物界和非生物界广泛使用，结果弄得到处都是。各大水系大都含有这种杀虫剂，就连看不见的在地下流动的暗流里也能找到。这些化学制品可能是10多年前施用的，但至今仍有残余留在土壤里。这些化学制品广泛进入鱼、鸟、爬虫、家养的动物、野生动物，并停留在其体内，使得做动物实验的科学家要想找到未受污染的实验对象几乎是不可能的。已经发现这种化学制品存在于偏僻山间、湖泊里的鱼身上，存在于松土的蚯蚓身上，存在于鸟蛋里地——甚至存在于人身上。因为现在绝大多数人，不论年龄，体内都存有这种化学制品。母亲的乳汁里也有，未出世的婴儿的组织里可能也有。 这些情况之所以产生，是因为一种产业突然出现并迅速发展，这一产业专门生产具有杀虫效力的人造或合成化学制品。这一产业是第二次世界大战的产物。在研制用于化学战的制剂的过程中，发现实验室里产生的某些化学品具有杀虫的作用。这也不是偶然发现的：为研制杀人制剂而进行的化学实验中曾广泛地使用昆虫。 结果是各种合成杀虫剂似乎层出不穷。 新的合成杀虫剂的特殊之处在于它们具有强大的生物功能。它们的能量很大，不但能释放毒性，还能进入肌体内最重要的过程，并使之发生有害的，而且往往是致命的变化。就这样，我们将会看到，它们能破坏酶，而酶的功能是保护肌体免受伤害；它们能阻碍氧化作用，而氧化作用是肌体获得能量的源泉；它们能妨害各个器官正常发挥作用；它们还可能在某些细胞里引起缓慢的无法恢复的变化，最终导致癌变。 [采分点解析] 1．For the first time in the history of the world, every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death. 现在人类的每一个成员，从妊娠之初到寿终正寝，都在被迫接触危险的化学制品，在世界历史上还是头一次出现这种情况。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 subject...to...指“使……遭受到……”。conception指“概念，观念；妊娠”。介词短语from the moment of conception until death放在句子的开头最先翻译，即，“从妊娠之初到寿终正寝”。 2．In the less than two decades of their use, the synthetic pesticides have been so thoroughly distributed throughout the animate and inanimate world that they occur virtually everywhere. 在使用合成杀虫剂的不到20年的时间里，杀虫剂在生物界和非生物界广泛使用，结果弄得到处都是。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 在翻译their use时要把synthetic pesticides补充进去，以使意思更易理解，译成“使用合成杀虫剂”。synthetic指“合成的”。 3．Residues of these chemicals linger in soil to which they may have been applied a dozen years before. 这些化学制品可能是10多年前施用的，但至今仍有残余留在土壤里。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 定语从句的翻译。residue指“残余，剩余物”。linger指“徘徊，逗留”，但根据其后面所跟的“土壤”，该词应引申翻译为“残存，存留”。 4．They have entered and lodged in the bodies of fish, birds, reptiles, and domestic and wild animals so universally that scientists carrying on animal experiments find it almost impossible to locate subjects free from such contamination. 这些化学制品广泛进入鱼、鸟、爬虫、家养的动物、野生动物，并停留在其体

内，使得做动物实验的科学家要想找到未受污染的实验对象几乎是不可能的。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 lodge指“容纳，寄存，沉积”，此处应选择“沉淀，沉积”的含义。universally是“非常普遍地”的意思。...free from such contamination指“免于污染，没有受过污染的”。 5．All this has come about because of the sudden rise and prodigious growth of an industry for the production of man-made or synthetic chemicals with insecticidal properties. 这些情况之所以产生，是因为一种产业突然出现并迅速发展，这一产业专门生产具有杀虫效力的人造或合成化学制品。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 用断句法翻译这个简单句。All this has come about because of the sudden rise and prodigious growth of an industry翻译为“这些情况之所以产生，是因为一种产业突然出现并迅速发展”。后面的短语部分for the production of man-made or synthetic chemicals with insecticidal properties增加主语an industry翻译成另一句话，即，“这一产业专门生产具有杀虫效力的人造或合成化学制品”。come about意为“发生，产生，发生转向”。prodigious指“庞大的，异常的”。prodigious growth指“大量发展”，引申为“迅速发展”。Property在通常我们常见的含义中有“财产，所有物”等。在这里应该选用其另外一个含义“性能，功能”。 6．This industry is a child of the Second World War.这一产业是第二次世界大战的产物。 [分析] 用词选词采分点。 短语child of sth. /sb.指“某人或某物的孩子”。这里主语是事件，那么应该是说这一结果是某一事件的产物，即“这一工业是二战的产物”。 7．What sets the new synthetic insecticides apart is their enormous biological potency. 新的合成杀虫剂的特殊之处在于它们具有强大的生物功能。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 本句为一个主语从句。what sets the new synthetic insecticides apart...是本句的主语。相当于the thing which sets the new synthetic insecticides apart...; set sth. /sb. apart指“使分离，使分开，留出时间，金钱”等。这里表示“区分”，应指新的杀虫剂和旧的杀虫剂，即，新杀虫剂所具备的不同以往产品的特点。 8．Thus, as we shall see, they destroy the very enzymes whose function is to protect the body from harm，they block the oxidation processes from which the body receives its energy, they prevent the normal functioning of various organs, and they may initiate in certain cells the slow and irreversible change that leads to malignancy. 就这样，我们将会看到，它们能破坏酶，而酶的功能是保护肌体免受伤害；它们能阻碍氧化作用，而氧化作用是肌体获得能量的源泉；它们能妨害各个器官正常发挥作用；它们还可能在某些细胞里引起缓慢的无法恢复的变化，最终导致癌变。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 该句主要结构是：they destroy...; they prevent...and they block...; they may initiate后面分别跟了定语从句。翻译的时候可以用断句法翻译，从句部分翻译成具有解释功能的同位语。从句whose function is to protect the body from harm译成“酶的功能是保护肌体免受伤害”。from which the body receives its energy译成“氧化作用是肌体获得能量的源泉”。that leads to malignancy译成“最终导致癌变”。 malignant指“恶意的，有伤害的；恶性的，致死的(疾病等)”，因此这里可以将其引申为“导致癌变”。 3.The theory of evolution by natural selection was put forward in the 1850s independently by two men. One was Charles Darwin; the other was Alfred Russel Wallace. Both men had some scientific background, of course, but at heart both men were naturalists. Darwin had been a medical student at Edinburgh University for two years, before his father who was a wealthy doctor proposed that he might become a clergyman and sent him to Cambridge. Wallace, whose parents were poor and who had left school at 14, had followed courses at Working Men's Institutes in London and Leicester as a surveyor's apprentice and pupil teacher. The fact is that there are two traditions of explanation that march side by side in the ascent of man. One is the analysis of the physical structure of the world. The other is the study of the processes of life: their delicacy, their diversity, the wavering cycles from life to death in the individual and in the species. And these traditions do not come together until the theory of evolution; because until then there is a paradox which cannot be resolved, which cannot be begun, about life. The paradox of the life sciences, which makes them different in kind from physical science, is in the detail of nature everywhere. We see it about us in the birds, the trees, the grass, the snails, in every living thing. It is this, the manifestations of life, its expressions, its forms, are so diverse that they must contain a large element of the accidental. And yet the nature of life is so uniform that it must be constrained by many necessities. So it is not surprising that biology as we understand it begins with naturalists in the 18th and 19th centuries: observers of the countryside, bird-watchers,

clergymen, doctors, gentlemen of leisure in country houses. I am tempted to call them, simply, \"gentlemen in Victorian England\is conceived twice by two men living at the same time in the same culture — the culture of Queen Victoria in England. （分数：30.00）

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解析：自然选择进化论在十九世纪五十年代分别由两个人提出。一位是查尔斯·达尔文，另一位是艾尔弗雷德·塞尔·华莱士。这两个人当然都具有一定的科学背景，但实际上他们都是博物学家。达尔文曾在爱丁堡大学攻读医学．两年，后来他的父亲，一个有钱的医生，建议他当牧师，并送他上剑桥大学。华莱士家境贫寒，14岁辍学，后来在给一位测量员当学徒和当小学老师时，他曾在伦敦和莱斯特的工人学院听课。 事实上，关于人类的进化有两种长期形成的解释方法共存。一种是对世界的自然结构进行分析。另一种是对生命的过程进行研究，研究其微妙处，研究其多样性，研究个体和物种从生到死起伏不定的周期。这两种方法直到进化论出现时才合二为一，这是因为在那以前关于生命存在着一种自相矛盾的现象无法解决，甚至无从解决。 这种自相矛盾的现象使得生命科学与自然科学具有实质性的区别。这种现象存在于自然界的细微之处，无处不在。在我们周围的鸟、树、草、蜗牛身上，在任何生物身上，都可以看到这种现象。情况是这样的。生命的表现形式，它表现出来的样子，它的外貌如此千差万别，可见它们必定包含着很大的偶然性。而生命的本质又是如此一致，因此它又必定受到许多必然性的制约。 由此看来，我们所了解的生物学始于十八、十九世纪的博物学家也就不足为奇了。这些博物学家包括在乡间注意观察的人、观鸟者、牧师、医生、乡间宅院里的有闲人士。我禁不住要把他们简单地称为“维多利亚时代的英国绅士”，因为两位先生生活在同一时代，从属于同一种文化——维多利亚女王时代的英国文化——分别认识了进化论，这不可能是偶然的。 [采分点解析] 1．Darwin had been a medical student at Edinburgh University for two years, before his father who was a wealthy doctor proposed that he might become a clergyman and sent him to Cambridge. 达尔文曾在爱丁堡大学攻读医学两年，后来他的父亲，一个有钱的医生，建议他当牧师，并送他上剑桥大学。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 that引导的宾语从句的主语是由who引导的定语从句。要先把做主语的定语从句翻译出来，从句who was a wealthy doctor译成“他的父亲”的同位语，“一个有钱的医生”。 2．The fact is that there are two traditions of explanation that march side by side in the ascent of man. 事实上，关于人类的进化有两种长期形成的解释方法共存。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 本句由两个从句组成。第一个that引导表语从句，主语为the fact；第二个that引导定语从句。主语fact可以翻译成状语“事实上”。表语从句there are two traditions of explanation译成这个句子的主要部分，其定语从句仍为定语“从句主语关于人类的进化有两种长期形成的解释方法共存”。march常用词义为“行军，前进”等。这里是指“发展，进展”。side by side指“并肩，并排”。march side by side指“并肩前进，并肩发展”，在本文译为“长期共同发展，长期共存”。 ascent指“上升，(地位，声望等)提高”，在这里“人类的上升和提高”，即引申翻译为“人类的进化”。 3．The paradox of the life sciences, which makes them different in kind from physical science, is in the detail of nature everywhere. 这种自相矛盾的现象使得生命科学与自然科学具有实质性的区别。这种现象存在于自然界的细微之处，无处不在。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 本句中包含一个非性定语从句which makes them...from physical science这句话是paradox的定语，因此翻译时要先将这个带有定语修饰成分的主语部分翻译出来，把从句的主语和从句翻译成一个句子，即“这种自相矛盾的现象使得生命科学与自然科学具有实质性的区别”。整个句子的谓语is in the detail of nature everywhere翻译成的句子“这种现象存在于自然界的细微之处，无处不在”。 4．I am tempted to call them, simply, \"gentlemen in Victorian England\is conceived twice by two men living at the same time in the same culture—the culture of Queen Victoria in England. 我禁不住要把他们简单地称为“维多利亚时代的英国绅士”，因为两位先生生活在同一时代，从属于同一种文化——维多利亚女王时代的英国文化——分别认识了进化论，这不可能是偶然的。 [分析] 理解结构采分点。 翻译该句前应捋出句子的结构，按照汉语的表达顺序进行翻译。该句采用拆译法翻译。翻译顺序为：1) I am tempted to call them, simply, \"gentlemen in Victorian England; 2) two men living at the same time in the same culture — the culture of Queen Victoria in England;

3) the theory of evolution is conceived twice; 4) it cannot be an accident. Victorian 指“维多利亚时代的”。

三、{{B}}Section Ⅱ Chinese-English Translation{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：20.00)

4.自20世纪90年代以来，中国积极探索借鉴国际反贫困经验，不断扩大与国际组织在扶贫领域的合作，并有了明显进展。 在扶贫领域，世界银行与中国的合作最早，投入规模最大。世界银行与中国目前已经开展的西南、秦巴、西部三期扶贫贷款项目，援助总规模达6.1亿美元，覆盖九个省区；91个贫困县、800多万贫困人口。其中中国西南世界银行贷款项目于1995年 7月开始在云南、贵州、广西三省(区)最贫困的35个国家级贫困县实施。项目总投资42.3亿元，其中利用世行贷款2.475亿美元，国内相应的配套资金为21.8亿元。项目建设主要包括大农业、基础设施建设、第二、三产业开发、劳务输出、教育卫生和贫困监测等方面。项目建成后将使项目区350万贫困人口稳定解决温饱问题。这一项目是中国第一个跨省区、跨行业、综合性的扶贫开发项目，也是迄今为止利用外资规模最大的扶贫项目。目前项目进展顺利，并已进入收尾阶段。 （分数：20.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：Since the 1990s, the Chinese Government has actively drawn on the international anti- poverty experience and continued to widen its cooperation with international organizations in this field, in which it has made notable progress. The World Bank was the first international organization to cooperate with the Chinese government in aid-the-poor work and has made the largest investment so far. The three-stage aid-the-poor loan project is jointly carded out by the World Bank and China in the southwestern areas, the Qinling and Daba mountain areas and the western region. It has involved a total of US $ 610 million, covering nine provinces and autonomous regions, 91 poverty-stricken counties and over 8 million poor people. In July 1995, the Southwestern China-World Bank Loan Project was launched in the 35 state-designated poorest counties in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Of the total investment of 4.23 billion yuan, US $ 247.5 million were loans from the World Bank; the Chinese Government provided a supporting fund of 2.18 billion yuan. This project mainly involved mega-agriculture, infrastructure, development of secondary and tertiary industries, labor service export, education, health care and poverty monitoring. The project is expected to eventually solve the food and clothing problem of 3.5 million needy people in the project- covered areas. This inter-province, inter-industry comprehensive development-oriented poverty reduction project is the largest of its kind in China, which has used the largest amount of foreign funds so far. The project proceeds smoothly and enters its phase-out period. [采分点解析] 1．不断扩大与国际组织在扶贫领域的合作，并有了明显进展and continued to widen its cooperation with international organizations in this field, in which it has made notable progress [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原句中这两个分句是并列的关系，译文中后一分句被译成了前一分句的以in which引导的定语从句。 2．秦巴 the Qinling and Daba mountain areas。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 秦巴是中国地理名称，表示的是秦岭和大巴山一带的简称，因此译成the Qinling and Daba mountain areas。 3．三期扶贫贷款项目The three-stage aid-the-poor loan project [分析)用词选词采分点。 “三期”即三个阶段的意思，因此用“three-stage”来译，“扶贫”此处译为“aid- the-poor”，也可译为“poverty alleviation, poverty relief”。 4．世界银行与中国目前已经开展的西南、秦巴、西部三期扶贫贷款项目，援助总规模达6.1亿美元，覆盖9个省区、91个贫困县、800多万贫困人口。The three- [分析] 理解结构采分点。 该句“覆盖9个省区……800多万贫困人口”译成了covering…现在分词引导的状语。 5．项目建设主要包括大农业、基础设施建设、第二第三产业开发、劳务输出、教育卫生和贫困监测等方面。This project mainly involved mega-agriculture, infrastructure, development of secondary and tertiary industries, labor service export, education, health care and poverty monitoring. [分析] 基本素质采分点。 此处“大农业”指的是包括农、林、牧、副、渔的大农业，因此译为mega- agriculture，“基础设施建设”是常用时事词汇，可译为infrastructure，还可译为 infrastructure construction，“第二三产业”也是常用时事词汇，固定译法为 secondary and tertiary industries。 6．温饱问题the food and clothing problem [分析] 基

本素质采分点。 “温饱问题”是极具中国政治特色的词汇，因此也有固定的译法，the food and clothing problem或者problem of food and clothing。

四、{{B}}Part B Choice of Two Translations{{/B}}(总题数：2，分数：40.00)

5.中国等发展中国家向美国提供了大量价廉物美的商品，使美国传统制造业腾出财力物力用于发展高新技术。这加快了美国工业的升级换代，推进了美国产业结构的优化，使美国及时摆脱传统工业的束缚，保持了它在世界经济中的领先地位。因此，中国的出口不会威胁美国的经济。 在中国扩大出口的同时，进口也在快速增长。实际上，美国产品早已进入中国百姓的日常生活。现在，不少中国人乘坐的是波音飞机，开的是别克轿车，看的是美国电影，穿的是苹果牌牛仔裤，喝的是可口可乐，用的是摩托罗拉手机和IBM电脑，而电脑里运行的是微软软件。 中国进出口能力的不断提高为包括美国经济在内的世界经济做出了积极贡献。

（分数：20.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：Large quantities of cheap, good-quality commodities provided by China and other developing countries to the American market have enabled the U. S. traditional manufacturing industry to release more financial and material resources to develop new and high technologies. This has helped the U. S. to expedite the upgrading of its industry, spur the optimization of its industrial structure, free it from the shackles of the traditional industry in a timely manner and maintain its leading position in the global economy. Hence, China's exports will not threaten the American economy. While expanding exports, China has increased its imports rapidly. In fact, American goods have been part of the Chinese people's daily lives for a long time. Many Chinese now ride in Boeing planes, drive Buick cars, see American movies, wear Apple jeans, drink Coca-Cola, communicate with Motorola mobile phones and work with the aid of IBM computers installed with Microsoft software. The constant increase in China's imports and exports has made contributions to the economic development of the world at large, including that of the United States. [采分点解析] 1. 发展中国家 developing countries。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 “发展中国家”是个常用时事短语。 2．中国等发展中国家向美国提供了大量价廉物美的商品，使美国传统制造业腾出财力物力用于发展高新技术。Large quantities of cheap, good-quality commodities provided by China and other developing countries to the American market have enabled the U.S. traditional manufacturing industry to release more financial and material resources to develop new and high technologies. [分析] 理解结构采分点； 译文的主语是“大量价廉物美的商品”large quantities of cheap, good-quality commodities，而“中国等发展中国家向美国提供了”译成其定语，由过去分词 provided引导的定语。“传统制造业”有其固定译法traditional manufacturing industry。 3．加快了美国工业的升级换代，推进了美国产业结构的优化，使美国及时摆脱传统工业的束缚，保持了它在世界经济中的领先地位。This has helped the U.S. to expedite the upgrading of its industry, spur the optimization of its industrial structure, free it from the shackles of the traditional industry in a timely manner and maintain its leading position in the global economy. [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原文汉语是几个并列的分句组成的复合句，英语表达与原文保持一致的顺序进行翻译即可。“工业的升级换代”实际指的是工业的快速发展，用upgrade表示“提高，提升”即可。“产业结构”译为industrial structure。 4．中国扩大出口的同时，进口也在快速增长。While expanding exports, China has increased its imports rapidly. [分析] 理解结构采分点。 “在……的同时”用while翻译，“在中国扩大出口的同时”中的谓语动词译成现在分词结构。 5．电脑里运行的是微软软件computers installed with Microsoft software [分析] 用词选词采分点。 原句中“电脑运行”是主动态，译成的英文是电脑被安装的是微软软件installed with Microsoft software。 6．可口可乐、摩托罗拉Coca-Cola, Motorola。 [分析] 基本素质采分点。 “可口可乐”和“摩托罗拉”都是常用词汇。

6.阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦(Albert Einstein)出生于德国南部的一个犹太中产阶级家庭。母亲非常喜欢音乐。爱因斯坦受她的影响很大。她鼓励小爱因斯坦对小提琴和古典音乐的爱好。他的父亲，一位工程师，对爱因斯坦的影响甚微。不过，是他送给了他五岁儿子那个著名的玩具指南针，促发了小爱因斯坦的第一次“思想试验”：玩具中的针为什么总是指向北? 爱因斯坦后来成为一位伟大的物理学家。他是那个科学独领风

骚的世纪的著名科学家。那个时代的一些标志性科研成果，如原子弹、量子物理学以及电子学，无不带有他的烙印。即使现在，科学家们仍为广义相对论表现出的胆识所折服。他们认为他的思想已超出了科学范围，影响着从绘画到诗歌的现代文化。 （分数：20.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：Albert Einstein was born in a middle-class Jewish family in southern Germany. He was strongly influenced by his musically inclined mother, who encouraged his passion for the violin and classical music. His father, an engineer, had less influence on him. But it was he who gave his five-year-old son the famous toy compass that inspired young Einstein's first \"thought experiment\" — what made the needle always point north? Einstein later became a great physicist. He was the pre-eminent scientist in a century dominated by science. The touchstones of the era, such as the atomic bomb, quantum physics and electronics, all bear his imprint. Even now scientists marvel at the daring of his general relativity. They believe that his ideas have reverberated beyond science, influencing modem culture from painting to poetry. [采分点解析] 1．犹太人的 Jewish [分析] 基本素质采分点。 “犹太人的”是常用时事词汇。 2．母亲非常喜欢音乐。爱因斯坦受她的影响很大。她鼓励小爱因斯坦对小提琴和古典音乐的爱好。He was strongly influenced by his musically inclined mother, who encouraged his passion for the violin and classical music. [分析] 理解结构采分点。 采用合句翻译法。根据原文的上下文逻辑关系，三个句子都是与爱因斯坦母亲相关的。合成一句话翻译。“母亲非常喜欢音乐。爱因斯坦受她的影响很大。”翻译成一个简单句“He was strongly influenced by his musically inclined mother”。“她鼓励小爱国斯坦对小提琴和古典音乐的爱好”译成非限定性定语从句，修饰mother。 3．他是那个科学独领风骚的世纪的著名科学家。He was the pre-eminent scientist in a century dominated by science. [分析] 用词选词采分点。 “科学独领风骚的世纪”意思是那个世纪科学占着重要的地位，因此译成过去分词作定语a century dominated by science。 4．广义相对论 general relativity [分析] 基本素质采分点。 “广义相对论”是20世纪最伟大的科学成就之一，属于常用词汇。 5．科学家们仍为广义相对论表现出的胆识所折服scientists marvel at the daring of his general relativity。 [分析] 选词用词采分点。 “为……胆识所折服”译成marvel at，意思是“对……惊奇”。 6．他们认为他的思想已超出了科学范围，影响着从绘画到诗歌的现代文化。They believe that his ideas have reverberated beyond science, influencing modem culture from painting to poetry. [分析] 理解结构采分点。 原句中的第二个动词“影响着”译成现在分词influencing，构成分词短语做状语。