深圳牛津英语新版七年级上Unit 3 The Earth知识点和语法讲解

Unit 3 The Earth

核心词汇名词可数名词

1. field — a field — two fields

2. quiz — a quiz — three quizzes

3. a ground — four grounds

4. land — a land — two lands

5. problem — a problem — four problems

6. fact — a fact — several facts

不可数名词

1. the Earth（地球）— the Moon(月亮) — the Sun(太阳)

2. pollution（n.）— pollute（v.）=make sth dirty

3. energy (n.) — clean energy（清洁能源） — heat energy（热能）动词

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1. provide — provides

2. catch — catches

3. kill — kills =make…die

4. protect — protects=keep….safe

5. burn — burns

6. pollute — pollutes

重点短语

1. protect the Earth保护地球 protect sb/sth from doing

2. provide sb with sth. = provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物=give sb sth=give sth to sb

【拓展】supply sb with sth. = supply sth. to sb.为某人提供某物

offer sb sth. = offer sth. to sb提供某人某物

3. make energy制造能源

4. put … into …把……倒入……

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5. stop doing sth停止做某事 stop sb from doing sth阻止某事发生

【拓展】stop to do sth.停下来去做（另一件）事

6. throw away扔掉

7. a report on/about …关于…的一个报告

8. keep sb/sth. safe保证某人/某物的安全

9. take a look at sw.看一看某地

10. on Earth在地球上 on the land在陆地上 在水下

11. go with sth.与……相配;适合于

12. lift sth up举起某物

13. keep sth alive使某物继续存在/使某物继续下去

14. come from sw.= be from sw.来自（于）

15. set sth. on fire放火烧某物

16. ask sb (not) to do sth.要求某人（不）做某事 在天上 under the water ask sb for sth向某人要某物

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in the sky

17. make sth. clean/dirty使某物干净/弄脏 make sb do sth.使某人做某事

18. at the beginning of …在……之初

【拓展】at the end of在……结尾；在……末端

19. some …some…一些……一些……

20. burn sth=set sth on fire 燃烧某物

常考句型

1. There are forests and rivers, mountains and fields.(地球上)有森林和河流，山脉和田野。

【辨析】there be表示“某时/某地有某人/某物”，强调存在关系；have 表示“拥有”，强调所属关系。

2. All plants need light and water. 所有的植物都需要阳光和水。→ Light and water are needed by all plants.

3. There are also many people like you and me on Earth.地球上也有很多像你我一样的人。= There are many people like you and me on Earth, too.

【辨析】also, too, either三者都表示“也”，also和too可以互换，都可以用于肯定句和疑问句，但also常放在句中；too常放在句末，too前面要加逗号；either只用于否定句。

4. The Earth provides us with air, water and food. 地球给我们提供空气，水和植物。= The Earth

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provides air, water and food for us.

5. It is important for us to protect the Earth for our future.为了我们的未来，保护地球很重要。= To protect the Earth for our future is important.

语法part Ⅰ countable and uncountable nouns名词的数

名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。可数名词有复数形式。不可数名词一般没有复数形式。可数名词的单数往往要与不定冠词a/an连用，复数则使用其复数形式。

1. 可数名词的数：可数名词复数形式的构成：

①规则变化：__________________________如：cap—caps; cake—cakes; dog—dogs; star—stars; boy—boys___________________________________

如：glass—glasses; watch—watches; brush—brushes;

box—boxes____________________________________

如：shelf—shelves; knife—knives;

half—haves____________________________________________________

如：story—stories; baby—babies; ferry—ferries; party—parties. _________________________

如：potato—potatoes; hero—heroes; tomatoes

②不规则变化：

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a. 改变元音字母，发音也随之变化：

man(人；男人)—men woman(女人)—women policewoman(女警

察)—policewomen postman(邮递员)—postmen fireman(消防员)—firemen policeman(；男)—policemen foot(脚)—feet tooth(牙齿)—teeth goose(鹅)—geese a man teacher(一名男老师)—two men teachers a woman nurse(一名女护士)—three women nurses

b. 单复数同形的词：

a sheep(一只羊) —two sheep a fish（一条鱼）—three fisha deer（一头鹿）—two deer c. 通常以复数形式出现的名词：scissors(剪刀) trousers(裤子) clothes(衣服) glasses(眼镜) shorts(短裤)

d. 表示“某国人”的单复数：单数和复数相同，如：a Japanese—two Japanese a Chinese—two Chinese变man为men, 如：an Englishman—two Englishmen a Frenchwoman—two Frenchwomen词尾加-s, 如：a German—two Germans an American—two Americans

【总结】中日不变，英法变，其他“s”加后面 e. 其他形式：a child—two children an ox—three oxen(三头牛) a mouse—four mice（四只老鼠）

2. 不可数名词的数不可数名词通常只有单数形式，前面无需加不定冠词a/an。如：water, milk, oil, soil, ink, bread, juice等。但如果需要表示具体的数量时，要使用以下短语：a glass of juice a

piece of paper a slice of bread a bottle of oila box of… a bowl of…

a dish of… a pair of…a kind of… a kilo of… a kilogram of…

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a basket of…a bag of… a basin of… a cup of…a packet of… a lot of…

Part Ⅱ the pattern of “there is/are …”

一. 构成：There be ...句型表示的是 “某处(存在)有某人或某物”，其结构为There be(is，are，was, were )+名词+地点状语。

例如：There are fifty-two students in our class.There is a pencil in my pencil-case.There was an old house by the river five years ago.

二. 各种句式：否定句：There be句型否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上“not”。也可用“no”来表示。即：no + n.（名词）= not a\\an\\any + n.（名词）。注意：no + n.（可数名词单数）= not a\\an + n.（可数名词单数）；no + n.（可数名词复数）= not any + n.（可数名词复数）；no + n.（不可数名词）= not any + n.（不可数名词）。

例如：There is an orange in her bag.→There isn’t an orange in her bag. = There is no orange in her bag.There are some oranges in her bag.→There aren’t any oranges in her bag. = There are no oranges in her bag.There is some juice in the bottle.→There isn’t any juice in the bottle. = There is no juice in the bottle.

一般疑问句：There be结构的一般疑问句变化只需把be动词移到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。例如：

There is some money in her handbag.

→ Is there any money in her handbag? (疑问句和否定句中，some改为any, something改为

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anything.)There is something new in today’s newspaper.→ Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?

特殊疑问句： There be句型的特殊疑问句有以下三种形式：

① 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用 “Who’s + 介词短语?”；当主语是物时，用 “What’s + 介词短语?”。其中there在口语中常常省略。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：

There is a bird in the tree. →What’s in the tree?

There are some bikes over there. →What’s over there?There is a little girlin the room. →Who is in the room?

② 对地点状语提问：用 “Where is \\ are + 主语?”表示（注意其答语变化）：例如：

There is a computer in my office. → Where is the computer? — It’s in my office.

There are four children in the classroom. →Where are the four children? — They’ re in the classroom.

③ 对数量提问：一般有两种提问方式： 如果主语是可数名词，无论是单数还是复数，都用“How many +可数名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？”表示：There are twelve months in a year. →How many months are there in a year?There is only one book in my bag. → How many books are there in your bag?There is a cat in the box. → How many cats are there in the box?如果主语是不可数名词，则用“ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？”表示：There is some money

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in my purse. → How much money is there in your purse?

三. 注意事项：

1. There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用“is”。例如：

There is a basketball in the box. 如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用“are”。例如：

There are many birds in the tree. 如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的 “就近原则”。例如：

There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.

There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.

2. There be句型和have\\has的区别：There be句型表示 “存在有”, have\\has表示 “拥有” “所有”,两者不能同时使用.例如：桌子上有三本书。 There are three books on the desk.我有三本书。 I have three books.【总结】There be句型有特点，主语放在be后边。

主语单三用is，复数主语要用are。

变否定，很简单，be后要把not添。

变问句也不难，把be提到there前。

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肯定句中用some，否定疑问any换。

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