自2013年12月考试起，全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会将对四、六级考试的试卷结构和测试题型作局部调整。调整后，四级和六级的试卷结构和测试题型相同。
试卷描述
四级和六级的试卷结构、测试内容、测试题型、分值比例和考试时间如下表所示： 一、写作 15% （30分钟） 二、听力 35% （30分钟） 1、短对话单选 8分
2、长对话单选 7分 3、短文独白 10分
4、复合式短文词组及单词听10分
新题型说明
1. 写作
要求不变，增加通知的写作方法。本题改革前难度系数0.82，改革后难度系数0.83. 2、听力单选题
听力单选题难度下降，去掉推断题，加入细节分析题考察，淡化经济学，强化文化领域，四级语速不变，六级听力语速下降为原来的90%。本题改革前难度系数0.85，改革后难度系数0.78
3、复合式听写
原复合式听写调整为单词及词组听写，短文长度及难度不变。要求考生在听懂短文的基础上，用所听到的原文填写空缺的单词或词组，共10题。短文播放三遍。本题改革前难度系数0.97，改革后难度系数下降为0.72. 4、 长篇阅读
原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。改革前快速阅读题目难度系数0.75，改革后本题难度系数0.90.
5、 翻译
原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容由校园、经济、艺术学改为校园、金融、儒学、政治经济学、中国近代历史、世界遗产、西方文化、经济学原理、社会发展学、遗传学、进化论。四级长度为140-160个汉字；六级长度为180-200个汉字。要求考上把整篇英语文章全部翻译为汉语，意思正确得半分，语法正确得1分，单词翻译错误名次三处扣1分，形容词1处扣1分，其余2处扣1分，逻辑错误不影响其他句子含义的本句扣半分，影响其他句子含义的扣1分到1分半，翻译内容包含文章无关意思的每处扣3分。扣完为止。本题改革前难度系数0.89，改革后难度系数0.95。
大学英语四六级13年12月大改革应对办法全套复习规划
http://user.qzone.qq.com/569370905/blog/1377734068#!app=2&via=QZ.HashRefresh&pos=1377734068
2013年12月15日四六级试卷改革分析及备考建议
三、阅读理解 35% （40分钟） 选词填空（15选10） 5分 匹配查找 10分
仔细阅读 20分
四、段落汉译英 15分（30分钟） 完形填空取消
考试时间调整为130分钟
http://www.s1979.com/news/china/201308/1898289318.shtml#6662232-qzone-1-80236-1a0a478620623cd61727e2837413b538
警告考生内容
一．在答题前，请认真完成以下内容： 1. 请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条、答题卡的印刷质量，如有问题及时向监考员反应，确认无误后完成以下两点要求。
2. 请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡1的条形码粘贴框内，并将姓名和准考证号填写在试题册背面相应位置。
3. 请在答题卡1和答题卡2指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号、姓名和学校名称，并用HB-2B铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑。 二．在考试过程中，请注意以下内容：
1. 所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题册上的作答一律无效。
2. 请在规定时间内依次完成作文、听力、阅读、翻译各部分考试，作答作文期间不得翻阅该试题册。听力录音播放完毕后，请立即停止作答，监考员将立即回收答题卡1，得到监考员指令后方可继续作答。
3 作文题内容印在试题册背面，作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内作答。
4．选择题均为单选题，错选、不选或多选将不得分，作答时必须使用HB-2B铅笔在答题卡上相应位置填涂，修改时须用橡皮擦净。 三．以下情况按违规处理：
1. 不正确填写（涂）个人信息，错贴、不贴、毁损条形码粘贴条。 2. 未按规定翻阅试题册、提前阅读试题、提前或在收答题卡期间作答。 3. 未用所规定的笔作答、折叠或毁损答题卡导致无法评卷。 4. 考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机。
1.阅读试题册正面的敬告考生。
2.按要求填写（涂）试题册背面、答题卡1和2上的个人信息，并粘贴条形码。 9:00/15:00（CET4/CET6）
监考人员 发试题册、答题卡1、答题卡2
要求考生阅读试题册正面“敬告考生”内容 要求考生检查试题册、答题卡的印刷质量
指导考生粘贴条形码及填写个人信息情况 提示考生：非听力考试期间考生不得佩戴耳机且不得 提前翻试题册，否则按违规处理。
考生 阅读敬告考生内容
检查条形码、答题卡的印刷质量
粘贴条形码、试题册背面和卡1、2上填涂个人信息
9:10/15:10（CET4/CET6） 考生正式考试
监考人员 核对考生证件
检查考生粘贴条形码及填涂个人信息情况 考生 开始作答作文题
提示语 作文题目在试题册背面，使用黑色签字笔在答题卡1上作答，期间不得打开试题册。作文题考试时间为30分钟，之后将立即进行听力考试。
9:40/15:40（CET4/CET6） 听力考试开始
考生 进行听力考试
监考人员 命令考生打开试题册，带上耳机；播放听力
提示语 听力考试正式开始，请考生打开试题册并带上耳机，听力录音播放完毕后，将 立即回收答题卡1。
听力注意事项 1.听力考试时间为30分钟，听力磁带为单面。 2.听力录音播放时间中已包含考生作答时间，听力播放完毕后，监考教师回收答题卡1，考生须暂停作答，等待指令后方可作答下一部分。 3.听力录音中，正式内容开始前提示语为“听力考试现在开始”，正式内容结束的提示语为“听力考试结束，现在由监考员收答题卡1，请考生等待开始作答下一部分试题的指令”
时间 10:10/16:10（CET4/CET6） 听力考试结束
监考人员 要求考生停止作答，收答题卡1 考生 停止作答
时间 10:15/16:15（CET4/CET6） 命令考生继续作答
考生 考生继续作答阅读理解和翻译部分
监考教师 检查考生答题卡1个人信息填涂和条形码粘贴情况，记录缺考情况
时间 11:15/17:15（CET4/CET6）
监考人员 提示考生离考试结束还有10分钟 时间 11:25/17:25（CET4/CET6）
考试结束
考生 考生停止作答
监考人员 回收试题册、答题卡2，清点答题卡及试题册数量以及个人信息填涂，条形码粘贴无误，方可让考生离场。
易发生异常情况时间A：答题卡、试题册下发，可以作答前，考生填写（涂）个人信息，粘贴条形码时。（CET4 9：00- 9：10 CET6 15：00-15：10）
四六级写作
1.审题(1-2分钟)：作文的题目和中心论点
2.写提纲，组织素材、细节和关键词(4-5分钟):
三段分别论述什么、三段的主题句、论据、恰当的连词
3.撰写(20-25分钟):
第一段论点要简洁明了、开门见山；
第二段论述要论点鲜明、论据要能充分说明论点、论证必须条理清楚； 第三段结论要高度概括，切忌重复前言、切忌草率了事，严禁完整的结尾是取得高分的关键。 4.检查修改(4-5分钟)：
题目、拼写、搭配、语法(特别注意人称、时态和单复数的一致问题。
作文评分标准: （15分）（切题、表达、语言）
14分—切题 11分—切题 8分—基本切题 5分—基本切题 2分 0分 表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。 基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。 表达思路清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯; 语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。 表达思路不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 1、条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎； 2、大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或作文与主题毫不相关。 图画作文的基本架构
(1) 图画的含义及其揭示的道理：是否真正理解了图画？如若你的理解跟所给主题不同，
很可能说明你的理解存在偏差，需要调整。 (2) 以文章主题为论点的分层次论述：段首写出主题句，按层次写出主要分论点及其相
应论据。各个分论点不能重复；分论点不能仅用一句话表示，要有1-2句的说明；各个分论点之间必须使用相应连词以确保其层次清晰。 (3) 结论：返回到图画内容，深化文章主题，可引用相关谚语或名言。
思路分析：
第一段：简明扼要地描述图片内容，并引出主题 第二段：从正反两面说明“学习基本技能的重要性”： 为学习更高级的知识打基础；
缺乏基本技能可能导致职场上的失败。
第三段：重申主题，总结全文。
The Importance of Learning Basic Skills
The drawing above vividly shows that the need to learn basic skills such as the multiplication table is questioned. In reality, there is also concern about whether basic skills might become out-dated and of no help to college graduates.
As I see it , the basic skills college students learn will not turn old-fashioned. Instead, they will remain as important as they will ever be. To begin with, though basic skills is often classified as impractical subjects that cannot be applied directly to one’s future career, it is these basic subjects that lay a solid foundation for more advanced skills, preparing us for further studies. Furthermore, most basic skills, like calculating and literacy, are always necessary in a variety of occupations. It is obvious that no employers is willing to hire a graduate who can’t even fully understand a written contract. For this reason a lack of these skills may result in future career failure.
To sum up, insignificant and boring as learning basic skills may seem, it is actually of great importance and should not be neglected.
1. 描述图画 • • • • • • • • As is shown/ vividly described/depicted in the picture, … As can be clearly seen from the picture, … The picture conveys/ reveals/ illustrates that … The picture guides us to reflect on …(n.) The picture serves to remind us of ….(n.) Such a picture draws attention to the fact that … From the above picture, we can see that… Looking at the picture, we can’t help thinking of the increasingly serious phenomenon that … 2. 表达观点（反对） • • • • • • 3. 总结 • From what has been discussed above, we can draw the • I am of a different opinion because … I cannot share the view for … I cannot agree with this idea since … What I object to is … Unlike … I think/ believe/ suppose … Personally, I disagree with … • • • • • • • • • • • • 2. 表达观点（同意） I am of the same opinion. I can‘t agree more with … I completely/absolutely agree with … It is undeniable that … There is no doubt that … ….is a universal truth. 2. 表达观点（部分同意） It is only partly true that... I can agree with that only with reservations. That seems obvious, but … That is not necessarily so. It is not as simple as it seems. There’s more to it than that. / That’s not the whole story. 4. 分论点的衔接 首先：firstly/ in the first place/ first and conclusion that ... • • • • • 1. 描述图画内容/寓意 • • • • • 3. 个人观点阐释 • Faced with the question whether … (图画主题描述), many people would … (他人观点描述). However, I will give an affirmative/a negative answer without hesitation, because … (个人观点的具体原因). • As is shown/ vividly described/depicted in the picture, … (一句话总体概括图画内容). Here is a vivid and lively cartoon in which we can see that … (一句话总体概括图画内容). Clearly, the cartoon tells us a simple truth: … (一句话概括说明图画寓意). What the cartoon reveals is that … (一句话概括说明图画寓意). Obviously，the purpose of the cartoon is to inform us that … (一句话概括说明图画寓意). • In conclusion/ summary, it is imperative to do sth.... Taking all these into account/ All things considered, we ... Therefore, from my perspective/ viewpoint, it’s more advisable to do sth.... It can be concluded from the discussion that... • foremost/ to start off/ to begin with 其次：secondly/additionally/ in addition to that/ apart from that/ aside from that/ besides/ also/ moreover/ furthermore/ What is more/ More importantly/ another point I could add is … 最后：finally/ lastly/ last but not least 2. 解释图画中所含现象的原因 The phenomenon shown above in the picture can be attributed to … (名词短语概括原因). There are a number of reasons responsible for the problem revealed in the picture. (分点说明原因) • 4. 举例说明 Abundant evidence has confirmed that …(一句话总结论点), and the most convincing is that …(一句话总结例子). 5. 总结归纳 • From the above analysis, we may safely reach the conclusion that … (总结中心思想).
The main reason to my conclusion is that … (简要列举得出该结论的原因).
图表作文词汇
表格 table
图形 graph/chart/diagram/illustration
饼状图 pie graph 条形图 bar chart/column chart 直线图，曲线图 line chart; curve diagram 流程图 flow chart 树形图 tree diagram
直线 the straight line 虚线 the dotted line 数字 figure/number 数据 data/statistics 百分比 percentage 比例 proportion
不变 保持不变 remain level 保持稳定 remain stable; stabilize; level off 在一系列时间段中转变 change over time 增加 increase; rise; go up; surge; climb; mount 减少 decrease; drop; fall; descend; decline; reduce 变化 表程度 迅速地 rapidly 缓慢地 slowly 急剧地 dramatically; sharply 逐渐地 gradually 轻微地 slightly 明显地 significantly 占50%比例 account for/make up 50 percent 位居第一 rank the first 仅次于 be second only to „ 居第二位 be in second spot 与„相比 compared with; by contrast; on the contrary A与B成比例 A be in proportion to B. 平均 on average; average, mean (adj.) 趋势 trend; tendency; inclination 由„组成 consist of; be made up of; be compose of 表比较 其他 • • • • • • • • • • • 常用表达句式：
这些数据令我们得出„结论： The data leads us to the conclusion that „ 该„表明„： The „ (chart, diagram etc.) reveals/depicts/illustrates that „ 在„至„期间，„基本保持不变：Over the period from „ to „, the „ remained level.
数字急剧上升至„ The number sharply goes up to „
„年„，急剧上升：„ (year) witnessed/saw a sharp rise in „ 从„到„发生急剧上升（下降）：A considerable increase/decrease occurred from „ to „
High/low/great/small percentage 比例高/低
„比„的比例略高/低：The percentage of „ is slightly larger/smaller than that of „ 该图表表明„的数目增长了三倍：The graph shows a threefold increase in the number of „
A是B的„倍：A is „ times as much (many) as B.
„ 和„的区别不大：There is not a great deal of differences between „ and „.
②On the Importance of Reading Literature ①Doing Big Things Starts from Doing the Small Ones ③My View on Examination-Oriented Education ④College Students’ Choice of Reading Materials ⑤The Necessity of Reducing Waste on Campus ⑥ Focusing on Population Aging ①Doing Big Things Starts from Doing the Small Ones
As is vividly revealed in the picture above, the boy expresses his worry about disposing of nuclear waste, while the father tells him to empty the dustbin in the room first. The picture reminds us of an old Chinese saying --- if you like to do trivial things like cleaning your room, it’s impossible for you to undertake any important task.
Undoubtedly, the symbolic meaning subtly conveyed in the picture should be given deep consideration that it is vital and necessary to deal with trivial things. Doing small things well can help us develop the good qualities needed in undertaking important tasks, which lays a solid foundation for our future development. More often these small things would make the difference between success and failure. We surely know that the want of a horse shoe nail may cause a kingdom to be lost. Therefore, when it comes to the key to success, the most important thing lies in dealing with every trivial thing well around us. In one word, for college students, to achieve goals needs not merely the great ambition,
but the practical spirit of dealing with trivial things from the beginning. Only in this way can we make the highest eminence.
②On the Importance of Reading Literature
As is vividly depicted in the picture above, a teacher gives her student a piece of literature
and tells him to read it as if he was reading a long text-message. Apparently in this way the teacher is trying to stimulate the student’s interest in literature, since currently fewer people are willing to sit down and enjoy a good literary work.
The concept of literature may seem to be very old, but its importance has not faded. We
can benefit a lot from reading literature. To begin with, it brings us a wide range of intellectual
benefits, such as expanding vocabulary and developing new ideas. Furthermore, it broadens our horizons. Reading literature helps us understand the everyday life and historical events described in the books, which are quite different from those of our time. Lastly, it entertains us. Although with the advent of television, people have lost their interest in reading literature to some extent, they can still get to know the classics via films or TV series that are derived from them.
In conclusion, literature is not something to be tossed away. Reading literature can be an
enriching and eye-opening experience.
③My View on Examination-Oriented Education Where there is education, there come examination. In the picture, a student expresses his feeling about the exam—he studies, and he takes the test; he passes it, and then he forgets what he learnt. Though humorous, this cartoon is thought-provoking and makes us think: Do students really benefit from exams?
There is no denying that test results can be used to motivate students to learn more.
However, such examination-oriented education is fairly controversial and cannot achieve the expected goal to improve students’ study. It is not rare that many students cram hard for the tests and get good results. Unfortunately, the minute they finish the papers, they seemingly forget everything they have learnt.
Hence, it’s high time that we reformed this examination-oriented education. Otherwise,
there will be an increase in the number of test takers who get high scores but cannot apply theory into practice.
④College Students’ Choice of Reading Materials
The pie chart above illustrates the proportion of four kinds of reading materials chosen
by college students. Newspapers account for 44% of their reading material, twice as much as magazines which constitute 22%, while fictions and textbooks only make up 18% and 16% respectively. It is evident that college students spend the majority of their time on newspapers, but much less on the rest of reading materials.
There are two main reasons for it. Firstly, compared with other reading materials,
newspapers can help college students learn what is happening in the world every day. Secondly, all kinds of newspapers, ranging from foreign language newspapers, sports newspapers to entertainment newspapers, can cater to different needs of college students.
Along with the increased amount of time spend on newspapers, some problems arise. The most serious one is that college students spend less and less time reading classics, which are the essence of literature. Therefore, it is urgent that college students choose reading materials in a proper way.
⑤The Necessity of Reducing Waste on Campus As is shown in the drawing, in the bathroom where there is a sign saying “DON’T WASTE WATER, PLEASE”, a girl is busy making herself up, totally forgetting that water is still running out from the taps. In fact, wasting phenomena like this are frequently seen on campus: rows of lights left on in vacant classrooms; rice and dishes left over in the waste buckets.
It is high time that such campus waste should be eliminated because we are living in a
world with limited resources. And if we don’t cherish things we have today, sooner or later we will be short of them.
To reduce waste on campus, we should all discipline ourselves. Turn off the lights when
we leave the classroom; eat our meals up; don’t waste water, etc. The world will become much
more beautiful as long as we all do our bit.
⑥ Focusing on Population Aging
According to the statistics given by the U.S. Census Bureau, the number of senior citizens /
elders in the United States will reach 72 million in 2030, twice as much as that in 2003, and will continue to rise up to 87 million by the year of 2050. The data reflects that population aging has arisen as a severe social problem in America, and actually it is also an issue to be addressed across the world.
The situation of population aging has become increasingly severe and its problems have come to the fore. On the one hand, with smaller families and escalating pace of life, it is even graver for families to care for aged members adequately. On the other hand, population aging may cause a decline in work force, which will consequently affect the productivity of the whole society.
Personally speaking, to build a solid economic foundation is the first thing we should do. Then, greater capitals should be invested in social security and welfare. And family care and community services shall also be encouraged.
TEST1春节贴年画的风俗源于往房子外面的门上贴门神的传统。
The custom of pasting New Year Prints on the Spring Festival originated from the tradition of pasting Door Gods on the external doors of houses.
随着木质雕刻品的出现，年画包含了更广泛的主题。
With the creation of board carving, New Year paintings cover a wide range of subjects. 最出名的就是门神，三大神——福神、薪神和寿神，寓意着庄家丰收、家畜兴旺和庆祝春节。 The most famous ones are Door Gods and the Three Gods of Blessing, Salary and Longevity, signifying the abundant harvest of crops, the prosperity of domestic animals and the celebration of the Spring Festival.
年画的四大产地分别是苏州桃花坞、天津杨柳青、河北武强和山东潍坊。 Four producing areas of New Year Prints are Taohuawu of Suzhou, Yangliuqing of Tianjing, Wuqiang of
Hebei and Weifang of Shandong.
现在中国农村仍然保持着贴年画的传统，而在城市里很少有人贴年画。
Now the tradition of pasting New Year paintings is still kept in rural China, while it is seldom followed in cities.
TEST2春联也被称为对联，在中国是一种特殊的文学形式。
\"The Spring Couplet\ 春联是由贴在门口两侧两组对立的句子组成。
The Spring Couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both sides of the door. 在门上面的横批通常是一个吉祥的短语。
Above the gate is a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription, which is usually an auspicious phrase.
贴在门右侧的句子被称作对联的上联，左侧的为下联。
The sentence pasted on the right side of the door is called the first line of the couplet, and the left one is the second line.
除夕那天，每家都会在门上贴上红纸写的春联，传递出节日喜庆和热闹的气氛。
On the eve of the Spring Festival, every household will paste on doors a spring couplet written on red paper to give a happy and hilarious atmosphere of the Festival.
在过去，中国人通常用毛笔自己写春联或者请别人写春联，而现在，人们普遍在市场上买印刷好的春联。
In the past, the Chinese usually wrote their own spring couplet with a brush or asked others to do it for them, while nowadays, it is common for people to buy the printed spring couplet in the market.
TEST3《三国演义》由罗贯中创作于14世纪，是一部中国历史题材小说。
Rom once of the Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel.
小说以汉朝末年和三国时期的历史演变为背景，叙述了在这个动荡时期发生的一系列重大事情。整个故事情节从公元168年开始一直到公元280年领土统一时结束。
It is based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era, starting in the AD 168 and ending with the reunification of the land in the AD 280.
小说篇幅长达80万字，分为120个章节，共描述了1191个人物角色，堪称中国文学史上四大经典小说之一。
It is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, with a grand total of 800 000 words, 1 191 characters, and 120 chapters.
图表作文
5.流程图或过程
flow chart / sequence diagram
例1 Economic and Social Indicators for Japan， Canada and Peru in 1994
6.程序
processing/procedures diagram
developed countries．Japan reported the highest life expectancy，while Peru the lowest．Literacy rates among adults were also higher in wealthier countries．Japan and Canada both reported literacy rate of 99％each while Peru claimed 68％．
例2 Number of full-time teachers of regular schools (in millions) in China(1960~1990)
This table illustrates the economic and social conditions in Japan，Canada，and Peru in 1994. It reflects the great differences that exist between wealthier and poorer nations．This table shows that Japan and Canada had annual incomes of $15,760 and$11,100 per person respectively．These figures were overwhelmingly greater than the corresponding figure of $160 in Peru．Life expectancy at birth was higher among the economically
This graph shows the number of full-time
teachers of regular schools in China between 1960 and 1990. According to the figure, there was a sharp decrease in the number of teachers from 1960 to 1962 which was followed by a rapid increase over the next three years．The number dropped again from 1965 to 1966 and then went up gradually until 1976 when there was a leveling off for the next ten years．The years from 1986 to 1990 saw a steady rise in the number of teachers．Although there were fluctuations in the number of teachers from 1960 to 1990，the trend was towards an increase.
例3 Participation in Higher Education in Australia in 1989
remote areas in Australia in 1989．It can be seen from the chart that significantly fewer students in higher education came from rural areas than from urban areas, with an even smaller number coming from remote areas．In all locations，female students outnumbered male students in higher education in Australia in 1989.
例4 Average weekly expenditure per family in Britain in 1977
This pie chart represents the average weekly family expenses in Britain in 1977．26％was spent on food and drink，19％on housing and power，14％on transport and communications．9％on recreation and education and 8％On clothing．The remaining 24％ was used to meet all other expenditures．
This bar chart describes the participation in higher education by males and females in urban，rural and
表格 ＋ V. ＋ 提要内容 First Sentence 1. This pie chart represents the average weekly family expenses in Britain in 1977
2. This table illustrates the economic and social conditions in Japan，Canada，and Peru in 1994. 3. This graph shows the number of full-time teachers of regular schools in China between 1960 and 1990.
4. This bar chart describes the participation in higher education by males and females in urban，rural and remote areas in Australia in 1989．
图表类型：table、chart、
diagram ,graph、column chart、pie graph 描述： show、describe、 illustrate、 reveal、 represent 内容： figure、statistic、number、 percentage、proportion Second Sentence 1.According to the figure, there was a sharp decrease in the number of teachers from 1960 to 1962 which was followed by a rapid increase over the next three years．
2. It can be seen from the chart that significantly fewer students in higher education came from rural areas than from urban areas,
As can be clearly seen from the chart, there are… According to the chart, we can see that…
图表中的数据（Data）具体表达法
数据（Data）在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time
在一系列的时间段中转变：
changes over time
持续变化的data在不同情况下
增加：increase / raise / rise / go up …… 减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall …… 波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ……
稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off …… 最常用的两种表达法
动词+副词形式（Verb+Adverb form） 形容词+名词形式（Adjective+Noun form）
写作套句精选
1.the table shows the changes in the number of……over the period from……to……
该表格描述了在……年之……年间……数量的变化。
2.the bar chart illustrates that…… 该柱状图展示了……
3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding..
该图为我们提供了有关……有趣数据。 4.the diagram shows （that）…… 该图向我们展示了……
5.the pie graph depicts （that）…… 该圆形图揭示了……
6.this is a curve graph which describes the trend of……
这个曲线图描述了……的趋势。
7.this table shows the changing proportion of a & b from……to……
该表格描述了……年到……年间a与b的比例关系。
8.the graph，presented in a pie chart， shows the general trend in……
该图以圆形图形式描述了……总的趋势。 9.this is a column chart showing……
表示数据变化的单词或者词组:
rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的 dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的 significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的
sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的 steep/steeply 急剧升降的
steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的 gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的 slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的 slight/slightly 轻微的、略微地 stable/stably 稳定的
这是个柱型图，描述了……
10.as can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the fluctuation of……
如图所示，两条曲线描述了……的波动情况。
11.over the period
from……to……the……remained level. 在……至……期间，……基本不变。 12.in the year between……and…… 在……年到……期间…… 13.in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998……
1995年至1998三年里…… 14.from then on/from this time onwards……
从那时起……
15.the number of……remained
steady/stable from （month/year） to （month/year）。
…月（年）至…月（年）…的数量基本不变。
16.the number sharply went up to…… 数字急剧上升至……
17.the percentage of……stayed the same
between……and……
……至……期间……的比率维持不变。 18.the figures peaked at……in（month/year） ……的数目在……月（年）达到顶点，为……
19.the percentage remained steady at…… 比率维持在……
20.the percentage of……is slightly larger/smaller than that of……
……的比例比……的比例略高（低）。 21.there is not a great deal of difference between……and……
……与……的区别不大。
22.the graphs show a threefold increase in the
number of……
该图表表明……的数目增长了三倍。 23……decreased year by year while……increased steadily
.……逐年减少，而……逐步上升。
25.the figures/situation bottomed out in……
数字（情况）在……达到底部。
26.the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.
数字（情况）达到底部（低谷）。 27.a is ……times as much/many as b. a是b的……倍。 28.a increased by……
a增长了…… 29.a increased to……
a增长到……
30.high/low/great/small/ percentage. 比低高（低）
31.there is an upward trend in the number of……
……数字呈上升趋势。 32.a considerable increase/decrease occurred from……to……
……到……发生急剧上升。
33.from……to……the rate of decrease slow down.
从……到……，下降速率减慢。 34.from this year on，there was a gradual decline/ reduction in the……，reaching a figure of……
从这年起，……逐渐下降至…… 35.be similar to……与……相似 36.be the same as……与……相同
37.there are a lot similarities/differences between……and……
……与……之间有许多相似（不同）之处 38.a has something in common with b a于b有共同之处。
39.the difference between a and b lies in……
a与b之间的差别在于……
40……（year）witnessed/saw a sharp rise in……
……年……急剧上升
Title: Changes in people's diet
Outline:1. State the changes in people's diet in the past five years.
2. Give possible reasons for the changes. 3. Draw your own conclusions.
Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. You should quote as few figures as possible.
In the past five years, there have been remarkable changes in people’s diet. According to the figures given in the table, grain, which used to be the main food for most of the Chinese people, has now become less important. By contrast, the consumption of milk and meat has considerably increased, accounting for 13% and 26% of the total respectively in 2001. In the same way, the demand for fruit and vegetables has been on the rise.
What caused these changes? I think there are at least two reasons. In the first place, with the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, great changes have taken place in all the branches of our national economy. The rapid growth in industrial and agricultural production has inevitably brought about a sharp rise in living standard. People now can afford a diet higher in protein and lower in carbon-hydrates. That is why the consumption of milk and meat has remarkably increased in the city and in the country. Secondly, more attention is now paid to the balanced diet, which is necessary for good health. As a consequence, vegetables and fruit that are rich in vitamins have been in ever-rising demand.
In conclusion, with the change in people’s diet the consumption of fruit, vegetables, milk and meat will gradually increase, while that of grain will continue to decline.
应用文
123 Tianhe Road Tianhe District Guanzhou 510620
Guangdong Province P.R.C.
March 15. 2009
Dear Manager,
My name is Harry, a frequent customer of your supermarket. Now I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with the service I received.
Yesterday, when shopping I found some milk out of storage period, I then came to inform the clerk in charge of dairy products of the carelessness. Then I do hope such matter will be taken seriously and promptly . and I will be very grateful to be informed of your disposal of it.
Yours faithfully,
Harry
１. 投诉信 投诉信的开头常用句式和套话 I am writing to complain about／that… I am writing to make a complaint about… I am writing to express my concern／dissatisfaction／disappointment about… 投诉信的结尾常用句式和套话 I trust you will take my complaints seriously and… I will appreciate it very much if you could．．． I would be perfectly satisfied if you can I am writing to inform you that I am dissatisfied kindly．．． with you… I understand you will give immediate attention I feel bad／sorry to trouble you but I am afraid to this matter. I have to make a complaint about… I would like to have this matter settled by the I am most reluctant to complain，but… end of… I am writing to advise you that I I would be grateful if you could… find…unsatisfactory. I wish to draw your attention to the problem／fault…that I bought… 2.邀请信 写邀请函开头段的常用语句和套话 Ｉam、writing to invite you to… 写邀请信结尾段的常用语句和套话 My family and I would feel honored if you I would appreciate it if you could… Ｉ would like to see your presence at… could come． Ｉthink it would be a good idea if you could We would be looking forward to your participate in… participation in the party. Ｉwonder if you could come… Ｉwould like you to come… Ｉthought you would like to… I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision. I really hope you can make it. How would you like to join us in…? Would you please drop me a line to let me know if you can come? 3.感谢信 感谢信开头段常用句式和套话 感谢信中结尾段常用句式和套语 I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude I must thank you again for your generous help． for… I am most grateful for your selfless donation． I am writing to express my thanks for… My true gratitude is beyond the word’s I am writing to show my sincere appreciation description. for… I feel most obliged to thank you once more. 1 would like to convey in this letter my Please accept my gratitude，now and always. heartfelt thanks to you for… I feel deeply indebted to you and I really don’t know how to thank you enough for your help.
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