Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
Classification System
A -- General Economics and Teaching 经济学总论和经济学教学 B -- Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology
经济思想流派和经济学方法论
C -- Mathematical and Quantitative Methods 数理方法与数量方法 D -- Microeconomics 微观经济学
E -- Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics 宏观经济学和货币经济学 F -- International Economics 国际经济学 G -- Financial Economics 金融经济学 H -- Public Economics 公共经济学
I -- Health, Education, and Welfare 健康、教育和福利
J -- Labor and Demographic Economics 劳动经济学和人口经济学 K -- Law and Economics 法与经济学 L -- Industrial Organization 产业组织
M -- Business Administration and Business Economics；Marketing; Accounting
企业管理和企业经济学；市场营销；会计学 N -- Economic History 经济史
O -- Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth
经济发展，技术变迁与经济增长 P -- Economic Systems 经济体系
Q -- Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and
Ecological Economics 农业经济学和自然资源经济学；环境与生态经济学 R -- Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics 城市经济学、农村经济学和区域经济学
Y -- Miscellaneous Categories 综合类 Z -- Other Special Topics 其他专题
1
A -- General Economics and Teaching 经济学总论和经济学教学
A1 - General Economics 经济学总论
A2 - Economics Education and Teaching of Economics 经济学教育与经济学教学 A3 -Multisubject Collective Works 多主题论文集
B -- Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology
经济思想流派和经济学方法论
B0 - General 总论
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925 经济思想史（至1925年） B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925 1925年以来的经济思想史 B3 - History of Thought: Individuals 思想史：经济学家个人 B4 - Economic Methodology 经济学方法
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches 当代非主流经济学思想
C -- Mathematical and Quantitative Methods 数理方法与数量方法
C0 - General 总论
C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: General 计量经济学方法与统计学方法：总论 C2 – Econometric Methods: Single Equation Models; Single Variables
计量经济学方法：单方程模型；单变量
C3 -Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models 多变量或联立方程模型 C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics
计量经济学方法与统计学方法：特定领域
C5 - Econometric Modeling 计量经济学模型建构
C6 –Mathematical Methods and Programming 数理经济学方法与数学规划 C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory 博弈论与讨价还价理论 C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs
数据搜集和数据估计方法；计算机程序
C9 - Design of Experiments 实验设计
D -- Microeconomics 微观经济学
D0 - General 总论
D1 -Household Behavior and Family Economics 家庭行为和家庭经济学 D2 - Production and Organizations 生产与组织 D3 – Distribution 分配
2
D4 -Market Structure and Pricing 市场结构和定价
D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium 一般均衡与非均衡 D6 - Welfare Economics 福利经济学
D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making 集体决策分析
D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty 信息，知识和不确定性 D9 - Intertemporal Choice and Growth 跨期选择与增长
E -- Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics 宏观经济学和货币经济学
E0 - General 总论
E1 - General Aggregative Models 一般总量模型
E2 - Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
宏观经济学：消费，储蓄，生产，就业与投资
E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles 价格，商业波动和周期 E4 - Money and Interest Rates 货币与利率
E5 -Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
货币政策，中央银行，货币供给与信贷
E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General
Outlook 宏观经济政策，公共金融的宏观经济层面，总体展望
F -- International Economics 国际经济学
F0 - General 总论 F1 - Trade 贸易
F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business 国际要素流动和国际商务 F3 - International Finance 国际金融
F4 -Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
国际贸易与国际金融的宏观层面
F5 - International Relations and International Political Economy
国际关系与国际政治经济学
G -- Financial Economics 金融经济学
G0 - General 总论
G1 - General Financial Markets 金融市场总论
G2 - Financial Institutions and Services 金融机构和服务 G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance 公司财务和公司治理
3
H -- Public Economics 公共经济学
H0 - General 总论
H1 - Structure and Scope of Government 政府结构和范围 H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue 税务，补贴和税收
H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents 财政政策与经济主体行为 H4 - Publicly Provided Goods 公共供给的产品
H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies 政府支出及其相关政策H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt 国家预算，赤字和债务 H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations
州和地方政府；政府间的关系 H8 -Miscellaneous Issues 其它各种观点
I -- Health, Education, and Welfare 健康、教育和福利
I0 - General 总论 I1 - Health 健康 I2 - Education 教育
I3 - Welfare and Poverty 福利和贫困
J -- Labor and Demographic Economics 劳动经济学和人口经济学
J0 - General 总论
J1 - Demographic Economics 人口经济学
J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor 劳动力的需求和供给
J3 -Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs 工资，薪酬和劳动成本 J4 - Particular Labor Markets 特定劳动市场
J5 - Labor–Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
劳资关系，贸易同盟以及集体谈判
J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies 流动，失业以及职位空缺 J7 - Labor Discrimination 劳动歧视
J8 - Labor Standards: National and International 劳动标准：国内与国际
K -- Law and Economics 法与经济学
K0 -General 总论
K1 - Basic Areas of Law 法的基本领域 K2 - Regulation and Business Law 管制和企业法
4
K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law 法的其他重要领域 K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
法律程序、法律体系和违法行为
L -- Industrial Organization 产业组织
L0 - General 总论
L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
市场结构；企业战略和市场绩效
L2 – Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior 企业目标、组织和行为 L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise 非盈利性组织和公用企业 L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies 反垄断问题和政策 L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy 管制与产业政策 L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing 行业研究：制造业
L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction 行业研究：初级产品和建筑业 L8 - Industry Studies: Services 行业研究：服务业
L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities 行业研究：运输和公用事业
M -- Business Administration and Business Economics；Marketing; Accounting
企业管理和企业经济学；市场营销；会计学
M0 - General 总论
M1 - Business Administration 企业管理 M2 - Business Economics 企业经济学
M3 - Marketing and Advertising 市场营销与广告 M4 - Accounting and Auditing 会计和审计 M5 - Personnel Economics 人力资源管理学
N -- Economic History 经济史
N0 - General 总论
N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations
宏观经济学和货币经济学；经济增长和波动
N2 – Financial Markets and Institutions 金融市场和金融机构
N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Income, and Wealth
劳动者和消费者，人口、教育、卫生、收入和财富
N4 - Government,War, Law, and Regulation 政府；战争；法律；管制 N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries
5
农业，自然资源，环境，采掘业
N6 - Manufacturing and Construction 制造业；建筑业
N7 - Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services
交通，国际和国内贸易；能源、技术及其他服务
N8 - Micro-Business History 小企业史
N9 - Regional and Urban History 区域与城市历史
O -- Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth
经济发展，技术变迁与经济增长
O1 - Economic Development 经济发展
O2 - Development Planning and Policy 发展计划与政策 O3 - Technological Change; Research and Development
O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity 经济增长和总生产率 O5 – Economywide Country Studies 经济视角的国别研究
P -- Economic Systems 经济体系
P0 - General 总论
P1 - Capitalist Systems 资本主义经济体系
P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies 社会主义体系和转型经济 P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions 社会主义制度及其转型 P4 - Other Economic Systems 其他经济体系 P5 - Comparative Economic Systems 比较经济体制
Q -- Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and
Ecological Economics 农业经济学和自然资源经济学；环境与生态经济学
Q0 - General 总论 Q1 - Agriculture 农业
Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation 可再生资源与资源保护 Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation 不可再生资源与资源保护 Q4 - Energy 能源
Q5 - Environmental Economics 环境经济学
R -- Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics
城市经济学、农村经济学和区域经济学
R0 - General 总论
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R1 - General Regional Economics 区域经济学通论 R2 - Household Analysis 家户分析
R3 - Production Analysis and Firm Location 生产分析与厂商选址 R4 - Transportation Systems 交通运输体系 R5 - Regional Government Analysis 地方政府分析
Y -- Miscellaneous Categories 综合类
Y1 - Data: Tables and Charts 数据：表格和图 Y2 - Introductions and Prefaces 引论和前言 Y3 - Book Reviews (unclassified) 书评（不分类） Y4 - Dissertations 论文（不分类）
Y5 - Further Reading (unclassified) 进一步的阅读材料（不分类） Y6 - Excerpts 摘录
Y8 - Related Disciplines 相关学科 Y9 - Other 其他
Z - Other Special Topics 其他专题
Z0 - General 总论
Z1 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology
文化经济学；经济社会学；经济人类学
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A - General Economics and Teaching 经济学总论和经济学教学
A1 - General Economics 经济学总论
A10 - General 总论
A11 - Role of Economics; Role of Economists;Market for Economists
经济学的作用；经济学家的作用；经济学家市场
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines 经济学与其它学科的关系 A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values 经济学与社会价值的关系 A14 - Sociology of Economics 经济学的社会学 A19 - Other 其它
A2 - Economics Education and Teaching of Economics 经济学教育与经济学教学
A20 - General 总论
A21 - Pre-college 大学前教育 A22 - Undergraduate 大学教育 A23 - Graduate 研究生教育 A29 - Other 其它
A3 -Multisubject Collective Works 多主题论文集
A30 - General 总论
A31 - Multisubject Collected Writings of Individuals 多主题的个人论文集 A32 - Multisubject Volumes 多主题丛书 A39 - Other 其它
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B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches
经济思想史、经济学方法论与非正统流派
B0 - General 总论
B00 - General 总论
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925 经济思想史（至1925年）
B10 - General 总论
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B11 - Preclassical 前古典 B12 - Classical 古典
B13 - Neoclassical through 1925 新古典（至1925 年） B14 - Socialist; Marxist 社会主义；马克思主义 B15 - Historical; Institutional 历史学派；制度学派
B16 - History of Economic Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical
经济思想史：数量和数理经济学 B19 - Other 其它
B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925 1925年以来的经济思想史
B20 - General 总论
B21 - Microeconomics 微观经济学 B22 - Macroeconomics 宏观经济学
B23 - History of Economic Thought: Econometrics; Quantitative and Mathematical
Studies 经济思想史：经济计量学；数量与数理方法研究 B24 - Socialist; Marxist; Sraffian 社会主义；马克思主义；斯拉法主义 B25 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian
历史学派；制度学派；演化学派；奥地利学派 B29 - Other 其它
B3 - History of Thought: Individuals 思想史：经济学家个人
B30 - General 总论
B31 – Individuals 经济学家个人 B32 - Obituaries 已故经济学家
B4 - Economic Methodology 经济学方法
B40 - General 总论
B41 – Economic Methodology 经济学方法 B49 - Other 其它
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches 当代非主流经济学思想
B50 - General 总论
B51 - Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian 社会主义；马克思主义；斯拉法主义 B52 - Institutional; Evolutionary 制度学派；演化学派 B53 - Austrian 奥地利学派
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B54 - Feminist Economics 女性主义经济学 B59 - Other 其它
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C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods 数理方法和数量方法
C0 - General 总论
C00 - General 总论
C01 – Econometrics 计量经济学 C02 - Mathematical Methods 数理方法
C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: General 计量经济学方法与统计学方法：总论
C10 - General 总论
C11 - Bayesian Analysis 贝叶斯分析 C12 - Hypothesis Testing 检验假设 C13 - Estimation 估计
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods 半参数和非参数方法 C15 - Simulation Methods 模拟方法 C16 - Specific Distributions 特定分布 C19 - Other 其它
C2 – Econometric Methods: Single Equation Models; Single Variables
计量经济学方法：单方程模型；单变量 C20 - General 总论
C21 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile
Regressions
横截面模型；空间分析模型；组间比较效应模型；分位数回归
C22 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions
时间序列模型；动态分位数回归
C23 - Models with Panel Data 面板数据模型
C24 - Truncated and Censored Models 截尾与截取数据模型 C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors
离散回归和定性选择模型；离散回归量
C29 - Other 其它
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C3 -Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models 多变量或联立方程模型
C30 - General 总论
C31 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile
Regressions
横截面模型；空间分析模型；组间比较效应模型；分位数回归
C32 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions
时间序列模型；动态分位数回归 C33 - Models with Panel Data 面板数据模型
C34 - Truncated and Censored Models 截尾与截取数据模型
C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors
离散回归和定性选择模型；离散回归量
C39 - Other 其它
C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics
计量经济学方法与统计学方法：特定领域 C40 - General 总论
C41 - Duration Analysis 持续期限分析 C42 - Survey Methods 调查方法
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation 指数与加总
C44 - Statistical Decision Theory; Operations Research 统计决策理论；运筹研究 C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics 神经网络及其相关论题 C46 - Specific Distributions; Specific Statistics 特定分布；特定统计 C49 - Other 其它
C5 - Econometric Modeling 计量经济学模型建构
C50 - General 总论
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation 模型建构与估计 C52 - Model Evaluation and Selection 模型评估与选择
C53 - Forecasting and Other Model Applications 预测与模型的其它应用 C59 - Other 其它
C6 –Mathematical Methods and Programming 数理经济学方法与数学规划
C60 - General 总论
C61 - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
11
最优化技术，数学规划模型，动态分析
C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium 均衡的存在和稳定条件 C63 - Computational Techniques; Simulation Modeling 计算技术；仿真建模 C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools 混合数理工具 C67 - Input–Output Models 投入－产出模型
C68 – Computable General Equilibrium Models 可计算一般均衡模型（CGE 模型） C69 - Other 其它
C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory 博弈论与讨价还价理论
C70 - General 总论
C71 - Cooperative Games 合作博弈 C72 - Noncooperative Games 非合作博弈
C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games; Repeated Games
随机与动态博弈；进化博弈；重复博弈
C78 - Bargaining Theory;Matching Theory 讨价还价理论；匹配理论 C79 - Other 其它
C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs
数据搜集和数据估计方法；计算机程序
C80 - General 总论
C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data
微观数据的搜集、估计和组织方法
C82 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data
宏观数据的搜集、估计和组织方法
C83 - Survey Methods; Sampling Methods 调查方法；抽样方法
C87 - Econometric Software 计量经济学软件 C88 - Other Computer Software 其它计算机软件 C89 - Other 其它
C9 - Design of Experiments 实验设计
C90 - General 总论
C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior 个体行为实验 C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior 群体行为实验 C93 - Field Experiments 现场试验 C99 - Other 其它
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D - Microeconomics 微观经济学
D0 - General 总论
D00 - General 总论
D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles 微观经济行为：基本原理 D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations 制度：设计，形成与运作 D03 - Behavioral Economics; Underlying Principles 行为经济学：基本原理
D1 -Household Behavior and Family Economics 家庭行为和家庭经济学
D10 - General 总论
D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory 消费经济学：理论
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis 消费经济学：实证分析 D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
家庭生产和家庭内部配置
D14 - Personal Finance 个人理财 D18 - Consumer Protection 消费者保护 D19 - Other 其它
D2 - Production and Organizations 生产与组织
D20 - General 总论
D21 – Firm Behavior 厂商行为
D23 - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
组织行为；交易成本；产权
D24 - Production; Cost; Capital and Total Factor Productivity; Capacity
生产；成本；资本和全要素生产率；生产能力
D29 - Other 其它
D3 – Distribution 分配
D30 - General 总论
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions 个人收入、财富及其分配 D33 - Factor Income Distribution 要素收入分配 D39 - Other 其它
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D4 -Market Structure and Pricing 市场结构和定价
D40 - General 总论
D41 - Perfect Competition 完全竞争 D42 - Monopoly 垄断
D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
寡头及其它形式的市场不完善
D44 - Auctions 拍卖
D45 - Rationing; Licensing 配给；许可 D46 - Value Theory 价值理论 D49 - Other 其它
D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium 一般均衡与非均衡
D50 - General 总论
D51 - Exchange and Production Economies 交换与生产经济 D52 – Incomplete Markets 不完全市场 D53 - Financial Markets 金融市场
D57 - Input–Output Tables and Analysis 投入－产出表以及分析 D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
可计算一般均衡模型，以及其它应用性的一般均衡模型
D59 - Other 其它
D6 - Welfare Economics 福利经济学
D60 - General 总论
D61 - Allocative Efficiency; Cost–Benefit Analysis 配置效率；成本－收益分析 D62 - Externalities 外部性
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
公平、公正、不平等以及其它规范性标准及其测度
D64 - Altruism 利他主义 D69 - Other 其它
D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making 集体决策分析
D70 - General 总论
D71 - Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations
社会选择，俱乐部，委员会，协会
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D72 - Economic Models of Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Elections, Legislatures,
and Voting Behavior 政治活动的经济模型：寻租，选举，立法以及投票行为 D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
官僚主义；公共组织的行政管理；腐败
D74 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances 冲突；冲突消解；联盟 D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation
政策制定与执行的规范分析
D79 - Other 其它
D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty 信息，知识和不确定性
D80 - General 总论
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
风险与不确定下的决策
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information 非对称信息和私人信息 D83 - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief
搜寻；学习；信息与知识；交流；信念
D84 - Expectations; Speculations 预期；推测
D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory 网络的形成和分析：理论 D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory 契约经济学：理论 D87 – Neuroeconomics 神经经济学 D89 - Other 其它
D9 - Intertemporal Choice and Growth 跨期选择与增长
D90 - General 总论
D91 - Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving
跨期消费选择；生命周期模型和储蓄
D92 - Intertemporal FirmChoice and Growth, Investment, or Financing
厂商跨期选择、增长、投资或融资
D99 - Other 其它
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E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics宏观经济学和货币经济学
E0 - General 总论
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E00 - General 总论
E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth
国民收入、生产帐户及财富的测算与数据
E02 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy 制度与宏观经济
E1 - General Aggregative Models 一般总量模型
E10 - General 总论
E11 - Marxian; Sraffian; Institutional; Evolutionary
马克思主义；斯拉法主义；制度学派；演化学派
E12 - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian 凯恩斯；凯恩斯主义；后凯恩斯主义 E13 - Neoclassical 新古典
E17 - Forecasting and Simulation 预测和模拟 E19 - Other 其它
E2 - Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
宏观经济学：消费，储蓄，生产，就业与投资
E20 - General 总论
E21 -Consumption; Saving; Wealth 消费；储蓄；财富 E22 - Capital; Investment; Capacity 资本；投资；生产能力 E23 - Production 生产
E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution;
Aggregate Human Capital 就业；失业；工资；代际收入分配；总人力资本 E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution 总要素收入分配
E26 - Informal Economy; Underground Economy 非正式经济；地下经济 E27 - Forecasting and Simulation 预测和模拟 E29 - Other 其它
E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles 价格，商业波动和周期
E30 - General 总论
E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation 价格水平；通货膨胀；通货紧缩 E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles 商业波动；周期 E37 - Forecasting and Simulation 预测和模拟 E39 - Other 其它
E4 - Money and Interest Rates 货币与利率
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E40 - General 总论
E41 - Demand for Money 货币需求
E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System;
Payment Systems 货币体系；标准；体制；政府与货币体系；支付体系 E43 - Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates
利率的决定；利率的期限结构
E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy 金融市场与宏观经济 E47 - Forecasting and Simulation 预测和模拟 E49 - Other 其它
E5 -Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
货币政策，中央银行，货币供给与信贷 E50 - General 总论
E51 - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers 货币供给；信贷；货币乘数 E52 - Monetary Policy 货币政策
E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies 中央银行及其政策 E59 - Other 其它
E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General
Outlook 宏观经济政策，公共金融的宏观经济层面，总体展望 E60 - General 总论
E61 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
政策目标；政策设计和一致性；政策协调
E62 - Fiscal Policy 财政政策
E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization
财政和货币政策的比较分析或联合分析；稳定性
E64 - Incomes Policy; Price Policy 收入政策；价格政策 E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes 特定政策事件研究 E66 - General Outlook and Conditions 总体态势及其展望 E69 - Other 其它
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F - International Economics 国际经济学
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F0 - General 总论
F00 - General 总论
F01 - Global Outlook 全球展望
F02 - International Economic Order 国际经济秩序
F1 - Trade 贸易
F10 - General 总论
F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade 新古典贸易模型
F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies
不完全竞争和规模经济的贸易模型
F13 - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations 贸易政策；国际贸易组织 F14 - Country and Industry Studies of Trade 贸易国及贸易行业研究 F15 - Economic Integration 经济一体化
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions 贸易与劳动力市场的相互影响 F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation 贸易预测和模拟 F18 - Trade and Environment 贸易与环境 F19 - Other 其他
F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business 国际要素流动和国际商务
F20 - General 总论
F21 - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
国际投资；长期资本流动
F22 - International Migration 国际移民
F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business 跨国公司；国际商务 F24 – Remittances 汇款 F29 - Other 其它
F3 - International Finance 国际金融
F30 - General 总论
F31 - Foreign Exchange 外汇
F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements
经常帐户调整；短期资本流动
F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions 国际货币协议及制度 F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems 国际借贷问题 F35 - Foreign Aid 国外援助
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F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration 经济一体化的金融层面 F37 - International Finance Forecasting and Simulation 国际金融的预测和模拟 F39 - Other 其它
F4 -Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
国际贸易与国际金融的宏观层面
F40 - General 总论
F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics 开放经济的宏观经济学
F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission 国际政策协调和传导 F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies 开放经济的经济增长 F47 - Forecasting and Simulation 预测和模拟 F49 - Other 其它
F5 - International Relations and International Political Economy
国际关系与国际政治经济学 F50 - General 总论
F51 - International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions 国际冲突；谈判；制裁 F52 - National Security; Economic Nationalism 国家安全；经济民族主义 F53 - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations
国际协议和惯例；国际组织
F54 - Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism 殖民主义；帝国主义；后殖民主义 F59 - International Relations and International Political Economy: Other
国际关系与国际政治经济学：其它
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G - Financial Economics 金融经济学
G0 - General 总论
G00 - General 总论
G01 - Financial Crises 金融危机
G1 - General Financial Markets 金融市场总论
G10 - General 总论
G11 - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions 证券组合选择；投资决策
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G12 - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
资产定价；交易额；债券利率
G13 - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing 随机定价；期货定价 G14 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies
信息与市场有效性；金融事件研究
G15 - International Financial Markets 国际金融市场 G17 - Financial Forecasting 金融预测
G18 - Government Policy and Regulation 政府政策与管制 G19 - Other 其它
G2 - Financial Institutions and Services 金融机构和服务
G20 - General 总论
G21 - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
银行；其它存款机构；小额金融机构；抵押机构
G22 - Insurance; Insurance Companies 保险业；保险公司 G23 - Pension Funds; Other Private Financial Institutions
退休（养老）基金；其它私人金融机构
G24 - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies
投资银行业务；风险投资；经纪业；评级与评级机构
G28 - Government Policy and Regulation 政府政策与管制 G29 - Other 其它
G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance 公司财务和公司治理
G30 - General 总论
G31 - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
资本预算；固定投资和存货研究
G32 -Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership
Structure 融资政策；财务风险和风险管理；资本和所有权结构 G33 - Bankruptcy; Liquidation 破产；清算
G34 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
合并；收购；重组；公司治理
G35 - Payout Policy 配息政策
G38 - Government Policy and Regulation 政府政策与管制 G39 - Other 其它
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H - Public Economics 公共经济学
H0 - General 总论
H00 - General 总论
H1 - Structure and Scope of Government 政府结构和范围
H10 - General 总论
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government 政府的结构、范围和业绩 H19 - Other 其它
H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue 税务，补贴和税收
H20 - General 总论
H21 - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation 效率；最优税收 H22 - Incidence 税收归宿
H23 - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
外部性；再分配效应；环境税与补贴
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
个人收入和其它非营业税与补贴
H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies 营业税与补贴 H26 - Tax Evasion 逃税
H27 - Other Sources of Revenue 其它税收来源 H29 - Other 其它
H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents 财政政策与经济主体行为
H30 - General 总论 H31 - Household 家庭 H32 - Firm 个人 H39 - Other 其它
H4 - Publicly Provided Goods 公共供给的产品
H40 - General 总论
H41 - Public Goods 公共产品
H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods 公共供给的私人产品
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H43 - Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate 项目评估；社会贴现率 H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets 公共供给的产品：混合市场 H49 - Other 其它
H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies 政府支出及其相关政策
H50 - General 总论
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health 政府支出和卫生健康 H52 - Government Expenditures and Education 政府支出和教育
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs 政府支出和福利项目 H54 - Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
基础实施；其它公共投资和资本存量
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions 社会保障和公共养老金 H56 - National Security and War 国家安全与战争 H57 - Procurement 政府采购 H59 - Other 其它
H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt 国家预算，赤字和债务
H60 - General 总论
H61 - Budget; Budget Systems 预算；预算体系 H62 - Deficit; Surplus 赤字；盈余
H63 - Debt; Debt Management 债务；债务管理
H68 - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt 预算、赤字和债务的预测 H69 - Other 其它
H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations
州和地方政府；政府间的关系
H70 - General 总论
H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
州和地方税务，补贴与税收
H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures 州和地方预算与支出
H73 - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects （行政）区域差别及其效应 H74 - State and Local Borrowing 州和地方政府的借款
H75 - State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare
州和地方政府：健康，教育和福利
H76 - State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories
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州和地方政府：其它支出
H77 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession
政府间的关系；联邦主义；退出（联邦）
H79 - Other 其它
H8 -Miscellaneous Issues 其它各种观点
H80 - General 总论
H81 - Governmental Loans, Loan Guarantees, and Credits
政府借款，借款担保和信贷
H82 - Governmental Property 政府财产
H83 - Public Administration; Public Sector Accounting and Audits
公共管理；公共部门会计与审计
H87 - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods
国际财政观点；国际公共产品
H89 - Other 其它
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I - Health, Education, and Welfare 健康，教育与福利
I0 - General 总论
I00 - General 总论
I1 - Health 健康
I10 - General 总论
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets 医疗保健市场分析 I12 - Health Production 保健产品
I18 - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health 政府政策；管制；公共卫生 I19 - Other 其它
I2 - Education 教育
I20 - General I20 - General 总论
I21 - Analysis of Education 教育分析 I22 - Educational Finance 教育财政
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I23 - Higher Education Research Institutions 高等教育研究机构 I28 - Government Policy 政府政策 I29 - Other 其它
I3 - Welfare and Poverty 福利和贫困
I30 - General 总论
I31 – General Welfare 福利总论
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty 贫困的测量与分析 I38 - Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
政府政策；福利项目的提供与效应
I39 - Other 其它
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J - Labor and Demographic Economics 劳动经济学与人口经济学
J0 - General 总论
J00 - General 总论
J01 - Labor Economics: General 劳动经济学：总论 J08 - Labor Economics Policies 劳动经济学政策
J1 - Demographic Economics 人口经济学
J10 - General 总论
J11 - Demographic Trends and Forecasts 人口的趋势和预测
J12 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure 婚姻；婚姻解组；家庭结构 J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
生育；计划生育；儿童照料；儿童；青年
J14 - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped
老年人经济学；残疾人经济学
J15 - Economics of Minorities and Races; Non-labor Discrimination
少数民族和种族经济学；非劳动歧视
J16 - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination 性别经济学；非劳动歧视 J17 - Value of Life; Foregone Income 生命价值；放弃的收入 J18 - Public Policy 公共政策 J19 - Other 其它
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J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor 劳动力的需求和供给
J20 - General 总论
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure 劳动力与就业，规模及结构 J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply 时间配置和劳动供给 J23 – Labor Demand 劳动需求
J24 - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
人力资本；技能；职业选择；劳动生产率
J26 - Retirement; Retirement Policies 退休；退休政策 J28 - Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
安全；工作满意度；相关公共政策
J29 - Other 其它
J3 -Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs 工资，薪酬和劳动成本
J30 - General 总论
J31 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials 工资水平和结构；工资差别 J32 - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Private Pensions
非工资劳动成本和收益；私人养老金
J33 - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods 薪酬组合；支付方法 J38 - Public Policy 公共政策 J39 - Other 其它
J4 - Particular Labor Markets 特定劳动市场
J40 - General 总论
J41 - Labor Contracts 劳动合同
J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets 买家垄断；分割的劳动市场 J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets 农业劳动力市场
J44 - Professional Labor Markets; Occupational Licensing 专业劳动市场和职业许可 J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets 公共部门的劳动市场 J48 - Public Policy 公共政策 J49 - Other 其它
J5 - Labor–Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
劳资关系，贸易同盟以及集体谈判
J50 - General 总论
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J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects 贸易同盟：目标，结构和效应 J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective Bargaining
解决纠纷：罢工，仲裁以及调解；集体谈判
J53 - Labor–Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence 劳资关系；行业法规 J54 - Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms; Employee Ownership
生产者合作；劳动者自治公司；员工持股
J58 - Public Policy 公共政策 J59 - Other 其它
J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies 流动，失业以及职位空缺
J60 - General 总论
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
劳动力跨地区流动；移民工人
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
工作，职业及代际流动
J63 - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs 流动；职位空缺；临时解雇 J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
失业：模型、持续性、发生率以及寻找工作
J65 - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings
失业保险；解雇费；工厂关闭
J68 - Public Policy 公共政策 J69 - Other 其它
J7 - Labor Discrimination 劳动歧视
J70 - General 总论 J71 – Discrimination 歧视 J78 - Public Policy 公共政策 J79 - Other 其它
J8 - Labor Standards: National and International 劳动标准：国内与国际
J80 - General 总论
J81 - Working Conditions 工作条件 J82 - Labor Force Composition 劳动力构成 J83 - Workers' Rights 工人权利 J88 - Public Policy 公共政策
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J89 – Other 其它
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K - Law and Economics 法和经济学
K0 -General 总论
K00 - General 总论
K1 - Basic Areas of Law 法的基本领域
K10 - General 总论 K11 - Property Law 财产法 K12 - Contract Law 合同法
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability 民法和产品责任 K14 - Criminal Law 刑法 K19 - Other 其他
K2 - Regulation and Business Law 管制和企业法
K20 - General 总论
K21 - Antitrust Law 反垄断法
K22 - Corporation and Securities Law 公司法和证券法
K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law 管制的行业及其管理法规K29 - Other 其他
K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law 法的其他重要领域
K30 - General 总论 K31 - Labor Law 劳动法
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law 环境法、健康法和安全法 K33 - International Law 国际法 K34 - Tax Law 税法
K35 - Personal Bankruptcy Law 个人破产法 K36 - Family and Personal Law 家庭和个人法 K39 - Other 其他
K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
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法律程序、法律体系和违法行为
K40 - General 总论
K41 - Litigation Process 诉讼过程
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law 违法行为和法律实施 K49 - Other 其他
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L - Industrial Organization 产业组织
L0 - General 总论
L00 - General 总论
L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
市场结构；企业战略和市场绩效
L10 - General 总论
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
生产、定价与市场结构；企业规模分布
L12 - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies 垄断；垄断战略 L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets 寡头和其他不完善市场 L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks
交易关系；合同和信誉；网络
L15 - Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility
信息和产品质量；标准和兼容性
L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial
Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices
产业组织与宏观经济学；宏观产业结构及其变迁；行业价格指数
L17 - Open Source Products and Markets 开源性产品和市场 L19 - Other 其他
L2 – Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior 企业目标、组织和行为
L20 - General 总论
L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm 企业的商业目标
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure: Markets vs. Hierarchies; Vertical
Integration; Conglomerates; Subsidiaries
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企业组织与市场结构：市场&层级；纵向一体化；企业集团；附属子公司
L23 - Organization of Production 生产组织
L24 - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology Licensing 外包；合资；技术许可 L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification and Scope, Age, Profit, and Sales
企业绩效：规模、多元化和范围，存续期、利润和销售
L26 - Entrepreneurship 企业家 L29 - Other 其他
L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise 非盈利性组织和公用企业
L30 - General 总论
L31 - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs 非盈利性机构；非政府组织 L32 - Public Enterprises 公用企业
L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises; Privatization; Contracting Out
公共企业和私人企业比较；私有化；外包
L38 - Public Policy 公共政策 L39 - Other 其他
L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies 反垄断问题和政策
L40 - General 总论
L41 - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices 垄断；横向反竞争 L42 - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
纵向整合限制；限制低价转售；数量折扣
L43 – Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation 法定垄断、管制或放松管制 L44- Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprise, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional
Organizations 反垄断政策与公共企业，非盈利性机构，专业组织 L49 - Other 其他
L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy 管制与产业政策
L50 - General 总论
L51 - Economics of Regulation 管制经济学
L52 - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods 产业政策；部门规划方法 L53 - Government Promotion of Firms 政府扶持企业 L59 - Other 其他
L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing 行业研究：制造业
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L60 - General 总论
L61 - Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
金属和金属制品；水泥；玻璃；陶瓷
L62 - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment 汽车；其他交通工具 L63 - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
微电子；计算机；通讯设备
L64 - Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments
其他机械；商用设备；军备武器
L65 - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology
化学产品；橡胶；药品；生物技术
L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco 食品；饮料；化妆品；烟草 L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather
其他非耐用消费品：衣服，纺织品，鞋子，皮革
L68 - Appliances; Other Consumer Durables；器械；其他耐用消费品 L69 - Other 其他
L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction 行业研究：初级产品和建筑业
L70 - General 总论
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
采矿、冶炼、精加工：碳氢燃料
L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
采矿、冶炼、精加工：其他不可再生资源
L73 - Forest Products: Lumber and Paper 林产品：木材和纸 L74 - Construction 建筑业 L78 - Government Policy 政府政策 L79 - Other 其他
L8 - Industry Studies: Services 行业研究：服务业
L80 - General 总论
L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; Warehousing; e-Commerce
零售和批发贸易；仓储业；电子商务
L82 - Entertainment; Media (Performing Arts, Visual Arts, Broadcasting, Publishing,
etc.) 娱乐；媒体（表演艺术、视觉艺术、广播、出版等行业） L83 - Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism 体育；赌博；休闲娱乐；旅游 L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services
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个性化服务，专业化服务和商业服务
L85 - Real Estate Services 房地产服务
L86 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
信息和网络服务；计算机软件
L87 - Postal and Delivery Services 邮递和送货服务 L88 - Government Policy 政府政策 L89 - Other 其他
L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities 行业研究：运输和公用事业
L90 - General 总论
L91 - Transportation: General 交通运输：总论
L92 - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation: Autos, Buses, Trucks, and Water Carriers; Ports 火车和其他地上运输：汽车、公共汽车、货车，船舶、港口 L93 - Air Transportation 空中运输 L94 - Electric Utilities 电力
L95 - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities 燃气；管道；供水 L96 - Telecommunications 通讯 L97 - Utilities: General 公用事业：总论 L98 - Government Policy 政府政策 L99 - Other 其他
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M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting
企业管理和企业经济学；市场营销；会计学
M0 - General 总论
M00 - General 总论
M1 - Business Administration 企业管理
M10 - General 总论
M11 - Production Management 生产管理 M12 - Personnel Management 人力资源管理 M13 - Entrepreneurship 企业家
M14 - Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility 公司文化；社会责任
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M19 - Other 其他
M2 - Business Economics 企业经济学
M20 - General 总论
M21 - Business Economics 企业经济学 M29 - Other 其他
M3 - Marketing and Advertising 市场营销与广告
M30 - General 总论 M31 -Marketing 市场营销 M37 - Advertising 广告 M39 - Other 其他
M4 - Accounting and Auditing 会计和审计
M40 - General 总论 M41 - Accounting 会计 M42 - Auditing 审计 M49 - Other 其他
M5 - Personnel Economics 人力资源管理学
M50 - General 总论
M51 - Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions (hiring, firing, turnover, part-time,
temporary workers, seniority issues)
企业雇佣决策；晋级（雇佣，解聘，流动，业余，临时工，资历问题）
M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects (stock options,
fringe benefits, incentives, family support programs, seniority issues)
薪酬、薪酬设计及效应（股票期权，额外福利，激励，家庭援助，资历）
M53 - Training 培训
M54 - Labor Management (team formation, worker empowerment, job design, tasks
and authority, work arrangements, job satisfaction) 劳动管理（团队形成，职工授权，工作设计，任务和职权，工作安排，工作满意度） M55 - Labor Contracting Devices: Outsourcing; Franchising; Other
劳动合同设计：外购；特许；其他
M59 - Other 其他
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N - Economic History 经济史
N0 - General 总论
N00 - General 总论
N01 - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods
学科发展：史学研究、史料与史学方法
N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations
宏观经济学和货币经济学；经济增长和波动
N10 - General, International, or Comparative 总论，国际或比较性的 N11 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 美国、加拿大：1913年前 N12 - U.S.; Canada: 1913– 美国、加拿大：1913年至今 N13 - Europe: Pre-1913 欧洲：1913年前 N14 - Europe: 1913– 欧洲：1913 年至今 N15 - Asia including Middle East 亚洲，包括中东 N16 - Latin America; Caribbean 拉丁美洲；加勒比海 N17 - Africa; Oceania 非洲；大洋洲
N2 – Financial Markets and Institutions 金融市场和金融机构
N20 - General, International, or Comparative 总论，国际或比较性的 N21 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 美国、加拿大：1913年前 N22 - U.S.; Canada: 1913– 美国、加拿大：1913年至今 N23 - Europe: Pre-1913 欧洲：1913年前 N24 - Europe: 1913– 欧洲：1913年至今 N25 - Asia includingMiddle East 亚洲，包括中东 N26 - Latin America; Caribbean 拉丁美洲；加勒比海 N27 - Africa; Oceania 非洲；大洋洲
N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Income, and Wealth
劳动者和消费者，人口、教育、卫生、收入和财富
N30 -General, International, or Comparative 总论，国际或比较性的 N31 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 美国、加拿大：1913年前 N32 - U.S.; Canada: 1913- 美国、加拿大：1913年至今
33
N33 -Europe: Pre-1913 欧洲：1913年前 N34 - Europe: 1913- 欧洲：1913年至今
N35 - Asia including Middle East 亚洲，包括中东 N36 - Latin America; Caribbean 拉丁美洲；加勒比海 N37 - Africa; Oceania 非洲；大洋洲
N4 - Government,War, Law, and Regulation 政府；战争；法律；管制
N40 - General, International, or Comparative 总论，国际或比较性的N41 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913美国、加拿大：1913年前 N42 - U.S.; Canada: 1913– 美国、加拿大：1913年至今 N43 - Europe: Pre-1913 欧洲：1913年前 N44 - Europe: 1913– 欧洲：1913年至今 N45 - Asia includingMiddle East 亚洲，包括中东 N46 - Latin America; Caribbean 拉丁美洲；加勒比海 N47 - Africa; Oceania 非洲；大洋洲
N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries
农业，自然资源，环境，采掘业
N50 - General, International, or Comparative 总论，国际或比较性的N51 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 美国、加拿大：1913年前 N52 - U.S.; Canada: 1913– 美国、加拿大：1913年至今 N53 - Europe: Pre-1913 欧洲：1913年前 N54 - Europe: 1913– 欧洲：1913年至今
N55 - Asia including Middle East 亚洲，包括中东 N56 - Latin America; Caribbean 拉丁美洲；加勒比海 N57 - Africa; Oceania 非洲；大洋洲
N6 - Manufacturing and Construction 制造业；建筑业
N60 - General, International, or Comparative 总论，国际或比较性的N61 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 美国、加拿大：1913年前 N62 - U.S.; Canada: 1913– 美国、加拿大：1913年至今 N63 - Europe: Pre-1913 欧洲：1913年前 N64 - Europe: 1913– 欧洲：1913年至今 N65 - Asia includingMiddle East 亚洲，包括中东 N66 - Latin America; Caribbean 拉丁美洲；加勒比海
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N67 - Africa; Oceania 非洲；大洋洲
N7 - Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services
交通，国际和国内贸易；能源、技术及其他服务
N70 - General, International, or Comparative 总论，国际或比较性的 N71 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 美国、加拿大：1913年前 N72 - U.S.; Canada: 1913– 美国、加拿大：1913年至今 N73 - Europe: Pre-1913 欧洲：1913年前 N74 - Europe: 1913– 欧洲：1913年至今
N75 - Asia including Middle East 亚洲，包括中东 N76 - Latin America; Caribbean 拉丁美洲；加勒比海 N77 - Africa; Oceania 非洲；大洋洲
N8 - Micro-Business History 小企业史
N80 - General, International, or Comparative 总论，国际或比较性的 N81 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 美国、加拿大：1913年前 N82 - U.S.; Canada: 1913– 美国、加拿大：1913年至今 N83 - Europe: Pre-1913 欧洲：1913年前 N84 - Europe: 1913– 欧洲：1913年至今
N85 - Asia including Middle East 亚洲，包括中东 N86 - Latin America; Caribbean 拉丁美洲；加勒比海 N87 - Africa; Oceania 非洲；大洋洲
N9 - Regional and Urban History 区域与城市历史
N90 - General, International, or Comparative 总论，国际或比较性的 N91 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 美国、加拿大：1913年前 N92 - U.S.; Canada: 1913– 美国、加拿大：1913年至今 N93 - Europe: Pre-1913 欧洲：1913年前 N94 - Europe: 1913– 欧洲：1913年至今 N95 - Asia includingMiddle East 亚洲，包括中东 N96 - Latin America; Caribbean 拉丁美洲；加勒比海 N97 - Africa; Oceania 非洲；大洋洲
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O - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth
经济发展、技术变迁和经济增长
O1 - Economic Development 经济发展
O10 - General 总论
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development 经济发展的宏观分析 O12 -Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development 经济发展的微观分析 O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products
农业；自然资源；能源；环境；其他初级产品
O14 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
工业化；制造业；服务业；技术选择
O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
劳动力资源；人类发展；收入分配；移民
O16 - Economic Development: Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment;
Corporate Finance and Governance
经济发展：金融市场；储蓄和资本投资；公司财务和治理
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements:
Legal, Social, Economic, and Political
正式与非正式部门；地下经济；（法律、社会、经济和政治的）制度安排 O18 - Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses 关于区域、城市、农村的分析 O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
与发展相关的国际联系；国际组织的作用
O2 - Development Planning and Policy 发展计划与政策
O20 - General 总论
O21 – Planning Models; Planning Policy 计划模型；计划政策 O22 - Project Analysis 项目分析
O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development 发展中的财政政策和货币政策 O24 - Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy
贸易政策；要素流动政策；外汇政策
O25 - Industrial Policy 产业政策 O29 - Other 其他
O3 - Technological Change; Research and Development
O30 - General 总论
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O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives 创新和发明：过程与激励 O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D 技术创新与研发的管理 O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
技术变迁：选择与结果；扩散过程
O34 - Intellectual Property Rights: National and International Issues
知识产权：国内和国际问题
O38 - Government Policy 政府政策 O39 - Other 其他
O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity 经济增长和总生产率
O40 - General 总论
O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models 一部门、两部门和多部门增长模型 O42 - Monetary Growth Models 货币增长模型
O47 - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country
Output (Income) Convergence
经济增长的测度；总生产率；各国间产量（收入）的收敛性
O49 - Other 其他
O5 – Economywide Country Studies 经济视角的国别研究
O50 - General 总论
O51 - U.S.; Canada 美国；加拿大 O52 - Europe 欧洲
O53 - Asia including Middle East 亚洲，包括中东 O54 - Latin America; Caribbean 拉丁美洲；加勒比海 O55 - Africa 非洲 O56 - Oceania 大洋州
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries 国别比较
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P - Economic Systems 经济体系
P0 - General 总论
P00 - General 总论
37
P1 - Capitalist Systems 资本主义经济体系
P10 - General 总论
P11 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform 计划，协调和改革 P12 - Capitalist Enterprises 资本主义企业 P13 - Cooperative Enterprises 合作制企业 P14 - Property Rights 产权 P16 - Political Economy 政治经济
P17 - Performance and Prospects 绩效和展望 P19 - Other 其他
P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies 社会主义体系和转型经济
P20 - General 总论
P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform 计划，合作和改革 P22 - Prices 价格
P23 - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population
要素和产品市场；产业研究；人口
P24 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure;Money; Inflation
国民收入、产出与支出；货币；通货膨胀
P25 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics; Housing; Transportation
城市、农村、区域经济；住房；交通
P26 - Political Economy; Property Rights 政治经济；产权 P27 - Performance and Prospects 绩效和展望
P28 - Natural Resources; Energy; Environment 自然资源；能源；环境 P29 - Other 其他
P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions 社会主义制度及其转型
P30 - General 总论
P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions 社会主义企业及其转型 P32 - Collectives; Communes; Agriculture 集体；公社；农业 P33 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
国际贸易、国际金融、国际投资与国际援助
P34 - Financial Economics 财政经济学 P35 - Public Economics 公共经济学
P36 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Consumer Economics; Health,
Education and Training, Welfare, and Poverty
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社会主义制度及其转型：消费经济学；健康，教育与培训，福利和贫困
P37 - Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior 法律制度；违法行为 P39 - Other 其他
P4 - Other Economic Systems 其他经济体系
P40 - General 总论
P41 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform 计划；合作；改革
P42 - Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population
生产企业；要素和产品市场；价格；人口
P43 - Public Economics; Financial Economics 公共经济学；金融经济学 P44 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
国民收入，产出和支出；货币；通货膨胀
P45 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
国际贸易、国际融资、国际投资和国际援助
P46 - Consumer Economics; Welfare and Poverty 消费经济学；福利与贫困 P47 - Performance and Prospects 绩效和展望
P48 - Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights
政治经济，法律制度；产权
P49 - Other 其他
P5 - Comparative Economic Systems 比较经济体制
P50 - General 总论
P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems 经济体制的比较分析 P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies 特殊经济的比较分析 P59 - Other 其他
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Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological
Economics 农业经济学，自然资源经济学；环境与生态经济学
Q0 - General 总论
Q00 - General 总论
Q01 - Sustainable Development 可持续发展
39
Q1 - Agriculture 农业
Q10 - General 总论
Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices 总供给和总需求分析；价格 Q12 -Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
关于农业企业、农户及农业投入品市场的微观分析
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
农产品市场与销售；合作；农业贸易
Q14 - Agricultural Finance 农业融资
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation
土地所有权和使用权；土地改革；土地利用；灌溉
Q16 - R&D; Agricultural Technology; Agricultural Extension Services
农业研发；农业技术；农业衍生服务
Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade 国际贸易中的农业 Q18 - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy 农业政策；食品政策 Q19 - Other 其他
Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation 可再生资源与资源保护
Q20 - General 总论
Q21 - Demand and Supply 需求和供给 Q22 - Fishery; Aquaculture 渔业和水产业 Q23 - Forestry 林业 Q24 - Land 土地 Q25 - Water 水
Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources 自然资源的休养生息 Q27 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Issues in International Trade
可再生资源和资源保护：国际贸易中的问题
Q28 - Government Policy 政府政策 Q29 - Other 其他
Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation 不可再生资源与资源保护
Q30 - General 总论
Q31 - Demand and Supply 需求和供给
Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development 可耗竭资源与经济发展 Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
自然资源与国内、国际冲突
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Q33 - Resource Booms 资源繁荣 Q38 - Government Policy 政府政策 Q39 - Other 其他
Q4 - Energy 能源
Q40 - General 总论
Q41 - Demand and Supply 需求和供给 Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources 可替代的能源 Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy 能源和宏观经济 Q47 - Energy Forecasting 能源预测 Q48 - Government Policy 政府政策 Q49 - Other 其他
Q5 - Environmental Economics 环境经济学
Q50 - General 总论
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects 环境影响评估
Q52 – Pollution Control Adoption Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
污染控制成本；分配效应；就业效应
Q53 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste;
Recycling 空气污染；水污染；噪音；有害废物；固体废物；循环利用 Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters 天气；自然灾害 Q55 - Technological Innovation 技术创新
Q56 - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability;
Environmental Accounting; Environmental Equity
环境与发展；环境与贸易；可持续性；环境核算；环境公正
Q57 –Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation;
Bioeconomics; Industrial Ecology
生态经济学：生态系统；生物多样化保护；生物经济学；产业生态学
Q58 - Government Policy 政府政策 Q59 - Other 其他
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R - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics 城市经济学、农村经济学和区域经济学
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R0 - General 总论
R00 - General 总论
R1 - General Regional Economics 区域经济学通论
R10 - General 总论
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
区域经济：增长，发展和变迁
R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional
Trade 区域经济的规模和空间分布；区域贸易
R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
区域经济的一般均衡分析和福利经济学分析
R14 - Land Use Patterns 土地使用模式
R15 - Econometric and Input–Output Models; Other Models
计量模型和投入--产出模型；其他模型
R19 - Other 其他
R2 - Household Analysis 家户分析
R20 - General 总论
R21 - Housing Demand 住房需求 R22 - Other Demand 其他需求
R23 - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population; Neighborhood
Characteristics 地区间迁移；区域劳动市场；人口，地区特征 R29 - Other 其他
R3 - Production Analysis and Firm Location 生产分析与厂商选址
R30 - General 总论
R31 - Housing Supply and Markets 房屋供给和市场
R32 - Other Production and Pricing Analysis 其他生产和定价分析 R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets
非农业与非居住用不动产市场
R34 - Input Demand Analysis 投入需求分析
R38 - Government Policies; Regulatory Policies 政府政策；管制政策 R39 - Other 其他
R4 - Transportation Systems 交通运输体系
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R40 - General 总论
R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Safety and Accidents;
Transportation Noise 运输：需求、供给与堵塞；安全和事故；交通噪音 R42 - Government and Private Investment Analysis 政府投资与私人投资分析 R48 - Government Pricing; Regulatory Policies 政府定价；管制政策 R49 - Other 其他
R5 - Regional Government Analysis 地方政府分析
R50 - General 总论
R51 - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies 城市经济和农村经济中的金融 R52 - Land Use and Other Regulations 土地使用和其他管制
R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock
公用实施选址分析：公共投资和资本存量
R58 - Regional Development Policy 地区发展政策 R59 - Other 其他
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Y - Miscellaneous Categories 综合类
Y1 - Data: Tables and Charts 数据：表格和图
Y10 - Data: Tables and Charts 数据：表格和图
Y2 - Introductions and Prefaces 引论和前言
Y20 - Introductions and Prefaces 引论和前言
Y3 - Book Reviews (unclassified) 书评（不分类）
Y30 - Book Reviews (unclassified) 书评（不分类）
Y4 - Dissertations 论文（不分类）
Y40 - Dissertations 论文（不分类）
Y5 - Further Reading (unclassified) 进一步的阅读材料（不分类）
Y50 - Further Reading (unclassified) 进一步的阅读材料（不分类）
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Y6 - Excerpts 摘录
Y60 - Excerpts摘录
Y8 - Related Disciplines 相关学科
Y80 - Related Disciplines 相关学科
Y9 - Other 其他
Y90 - Other 其他
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Z - Other Special Topics 其他专题
Z0 - General 总论
Z00 - General 总论
Z1 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology
文化经济学；经济社会学；经济人类学
Z10 - General 总论
Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature 艺术与文学的经济学 Z12 - Religion 宗教
Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology 经济社会学；经济人类学 Z19 - Other 其他
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