for hours.
Lesson 01 A Puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮
5… 答案正确： D
A）把say改成claim就对了 （-- People claimed to have
Special difficulties 难点 Exercises A
1. at/for 2. to 3. to 4. in 5. on Exercises B
1. He is the man we have heard about so much.
2. The shelf you put those books on has collapsed.（vi.倒塌, 崩溃, 瓦解）
3.Whom did you receive a letter from 特殊疑问句中whom 不能省略（本句）。
定语从句中Which以及指代人的做宾语的Whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。
省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词Whom, Which前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。 固定的动词短语
look for：寻找（去掉for后look没有寻找的意思，所以介词for不能前置） 非固定的动词短语 look at：注视
live in：居住（去掉in后live仍有居住的意思，所以介词in可以前置）
This is the old house in which he lived. = This is the old house he lived in.
4.This is the road we came by
5.Where is the pencil you were playing with Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1… 正确答案：D
in common adv.共有 （替换了similar） 2… 正确答案：B
A）只是一个具体的特定的事列，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意 B） large cat persuade v.说服, 劝说 3… 答案正确：C
做理解题时要紧扣主题、紧扣中心大意 文章最后一句话总结了大意 句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键 4… 答案正确：C Make的用法：
make somebody do（在主动语态中不定式的符号to应该省略）
be made to do（被动语态中不定式的符号to必须补充完整）
-- They made her wait for hours. à She was made to wait
1
Special difficulties 难点 in
1>与表达惊奇、恐惧、失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭
Lesson 02 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一
seen the puma.）
D）清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系 6… 正确答案：B
原句中的 when引导的时间状语从句表示：－...就…（as soon as）
被动：On being observed, it immediately ran away. 主动：On observing her, it immediately ran away. On seeing me, he waved to me. 7… 正确答案：D
except可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配（也可是when/if引导的从句形式）
unless = if...not = except on the condition that… when = if
-- …except when they are cornered. = …except if they are cornered.
-- Whenever you come, you are welcome. = If ever you come, you are welcome. 8… 正确答案：D
A）must be只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致 -- 对于过去事实推测一定要用：情态动词+ have +过去分词
9… 正确答案：C
on more than = nothing more than = only / within = not more than
10… 正确答案：B
in a corner 偷偷摸摸地, 暗中地, 秘密地 in a trap 落于陷阱中
at an angle 不正的, 倾斜的（angle n.角, 角度, 角落, 墙角, 棱角）
under cover 在遮蔽处, 秘密地, 暗中 11... 正确答案：B
fishes for pleasure 钓鱼消遣 travel for pleasure 外出游玩 read for pleasure 阅读消遣 12…
on one’s own adv.独自地, 地, 主动地 （= alone） for one’s own benefit 为了某人自己的利益。
配连用, 在句中起状语作用。
in surprise惊奇地 / in astonishment惊愕的 in alarm恐吓的 / in embarrassment窘迫的 in amazement极为惊讶 / in despair绝望的
in dismay沮丧的 / in anger恼火的 / in disappointment失望的
2>表示以、用。用于语言, 书写材料, 色彩或声音等方面。 in English / in pencil / in ink / in oil 用颜料 / in red用红色 / in code用代码
in such a high voice 用这么高的声音 / in a few words 用几句话
3>表示状态、情况或处境
in trouble / in difficulty在困境中 / in bed在床上 / in a hurry匆忙的
in debt负债 / in love with sb爱上某人 / in tears流着泪 in good order有条不紊, 整齐, 情况正常 / in good repair维修良好
in good health 身体好 / in poor health身体坏 in the bad mood情绪坏 / in the good mood情绪好 in haste匆忙的 / in a favor of excitement 欣喜若狂 in poverty 在贫穷中 / in luxury奢侈的 Exercise：
very quickly = in a hurry
eventually = in the end （eventually adv.最后, 终于） be seen = in sight
with a pen = in ink / with a pencil = in pencil which they share = in common （share v.共享） crying = in tears
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1... D
in order adv.整齐, 状况良好, 适宜
out of order adv.次序颠倒, 不整齐, 状态不好 （= was damaged） 2... B 3... C
为…表示感谢：be grateful for… / be thankful for… 不辞辛劳地做某事：take the trouble to do sth.
4... B in the past 是过去时态的标志；always用在实意动词之前
5... D stroke n.击, 敲, 报时的钟声
强调句式结构：It was not until...that... — 直到…才… -- It was not until midnight that snow stopped. — 直到半夜, 雪才停了。
6... B 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序 7... C Mend vt.修理, 修补
突出结果或者对现在的影响, 用现在完成时。
2
8... A get used to doing 表示习惯于 （to是介词） 9... B
fund 基金； cash 现金； scholarship 奖学金； investment 投资
10... A run a shop 经营商店 11... A night after night = every night 12... C
still 1>adv.仍, 仍然, 还
-- He came yesterday and he is still here. 他昨天来的，现仍在此。
still 2>adv.(连接副词) 尽管如此, 依旧, 仍然（表达一种坚持的态度）
相当于in spite of that, even though, just the same） -- It’s raining；Still, I must go out.
-- This picture is not too valuable；Still, I like it. Yet conj.但是, 然而（表示一种转折的关系） -- I have failed, yet I shall try again.
Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神
1... D
’Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.’
2... D be employed in 被应用在...方面
this is confirmed by the fact that 引导同位语从句，补充说明fact的内容
4... D prosperity n.繁荣（不可数） know 1>知道, 认识
2>（文学用语）经历过, 曾经有过（= experience, 比experience更加正式）
-- He knew poverty in his early days. 他早年有过痛苦的经历
5... B since：自从 （主干的时态为现在完成时） 6... C
to one’s surprise 使某人感到惊讶的是
在句中可做的状语, 句子的主语不必是某个人 -- To my great disappointment the train had already left with surprise 惊讶地 （With satisfaction/delight/dismay） 必须与行为动词连用, 句子的主语必须是某个人 -- He smoked his last cigarette with satisfaction. -- He went home with dismay.
-- To our dismay the party proved to be a failure.
7... B despite = in spite of (可以和名词、代词、动名词搭配) 8… B so far：现在完成时的标志
如果用possible/impossible, 就要采用形势主语it -- So far, it has been impossible for the archaeologists to
discover her identity.
9... A Holy adj. 神圣的, 圣洁的
religious 宗教的 / frightening 令人害怕的 / colourful 丰富多彩的
10... D in good condition情况良好 = in good state well done 侧重强调做得好
conserve vt.保存, 保藏 （= keep from being wasted, damaged, lost, destroyed）
“不用尽或耗尽某物，保留”
-- Conserve your energy you needed. （energy n.精力, 精神）
你该养精蓄锐，你会用得上的。 -- We must conserve our forest.
maintain vt.维持, 维修 -- 通过修缮保养, 不使...破损（强调动作的过程）
11... B turn out = prove, 都表示系动词 resolve vt,vi决定 vt.(使)分解, 溶解 -- He resolved on going out. 他决定出去。 12... B
so far = until now, up till now
beforehand (adv.预先) = in advance (adv.预先) at this distance of/in time 时隔已久
-- I can hardly remember him at this distance of time. 时隔这么久, 我几乎想不起来他了。
定式，可以和too...to 互换）
-- The water is too hot for us to drink. = The water is so hot that we can’t drink.
6... C \"He simply told her that he worker of the Corporation\"
simply副词（仅仅是, 再没有别的了= only, just） 无论是simply, only还是just，往往用在所修饰的主体词之前。
-- I did it simply/only for the money
-- I don’t like driving. I do it simply/only because I have to go to work each day.
and no more（放句尾） in a simple way 简单地, 简朴地 -- She was always dressed in a simple way. 7... B
Before是介词和动名词形式搭配。 -- Before returning home...
Before是连接词，引导时间状语从句。 -- Before he returned home...
before 引导的从句, 常用一般现在时或一般过去时, 不用进行时。
8... C \"half as much as it used to be\" the amount 要用定语从句进行限定
当主句的谓语动词是行为动词时，used to之后的动词必须省略掉
当主句的谓语动词是系动词时，used to之后必须带有系动词be.
-- I feel the summers are hotter than they used to be.
Lesson 04 The double life of Alfred Bloggs
阿尔弗雷德.布洛格斯的双重生活
-- I feel you are much fatter than you used to be. 9... D
gain：获利, 赢得（表示通过努力）
-- gain time, gain reputation, gain speed, gain height fee：（为专业服务支付的）费用
-- doctor’s fees 医疗费 / the lawyer’s fees 律师费 -- pay for my university fees 支付我的大学学费 payment：（商业、信贷）支付的款项（非常正式） wages：（体力劳动者的）工资 salary：（白领的）薪水
10... B companion n.同伴, 共事者 comrade n.朋友, 同志, 伙伴
11... C \"well worth the loss of money\" pay back 偿还, 报复 reward 酬劳 value 价值
compensate v.偿还, 补偿
compensate for赔偿 = make up for弥补 3
1... A illustrate vt.阐明, 阐述
“...a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar worker\" 2... C double life
3... D \"...he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money\"
previous adj.在前的, 早先的 respect n.某方面 vt.尊敬, 尊重 4... B to go 可以省略
They usually go to work wearing a collar and tie. 5... D
\"Alfred was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job.\"
too...to…（不定式to表示否定）
so...that…（在that引导的结果状语从句中, 如果采用否
-- His intelligence more than compensate for his lack of experience.
12... A call = addressed as被称为
name命名 / cry out喊叫 / shout v.呼喊, 呼叫
误的, 不准确的） 5> locked à unlocked 6> regular à irregular
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1.B正确 on one’s way to do -- He is on the/his way to become a lawyer.
2.A正确 warn somebody out of one’s way 警告某人别挡住去路
in one’s way 挡住某人的去路
-- You are in my way. 挡住了我的去路。 3.C正确 4. C正确
形容词和名词共同修饰名词时, 形容词在前, 名词在后。（adj + n +被修的名词） -- an old village school -- an empty beer glass
5.B正确 做句子结构题时要和原文加以对比 6. A正确 made of 可以看出原材料
7. A正确 began doing something = began to do something 8.D正确 9. A正确
accelerate v.加速, 促进
-- The driver accelerated to pass the other car.
speed v.加快（加快动作和工作的进程, 常和up连用） -- We’d better speed up, if we want to get there in time. -- The car sped along the road. Reverse vt.倒车, 颠倒, 倒转 -- The car reversed through the gate. 10. A正确
Overdressed v.(使)穿得太讲究
-- I fell rather overdressed in this smart suit. Overlooked vt.俯瞰, 远眺 11. B正确
for the time being = temporarily（adv.临时） meanwhile = at the same time As it happened 随着这类事情的发生 for a while = for a moment 12. C正确
Lesson 05 The facts 确切数字
1… C
excuse n.理由, 借口 beyond prep.除…以外 satisfy vt.满足, 使满意
dissatisfy vt.使感觉不满, 不满足 factual adj.事实的, 实际的 content n.内容 2… B
3... A activity n.行动, 行为 / suspicious adj.可疑的, 怀疑的
4… B 课文中的and then强调动作的先后。 -- Having seen the movie, they went for a walk. 6... D a reply表示“任意”的一个答复 7... B unless = if not 一般过去时 8… C inform sb of/about sth 9… C public n.公众, (特定的)人群 audience n.听众, 观众 lecture n.演讲 10… B print = publish
press n.压, 按 go to press 交付印刷 pressing adj.紧迫的；迫切的 impress vt.盖印, 留下印象 11... D
innocent adj.清白的, 无罪的, 天真的, 无知的 unfortunate adj.不幸的 12... D
请求允许做某事：ask for permission to do sth 允许某人做某事：be given permission to do sth admit + 名词/动名词/that从句
Lesson 06 Smash-and-grab 砸橱窗抢劫
fly à flew à flown （fly 是不及物动词, 不能用于被动语态。）
-- go flying
-- send sth flying （send sth doing） （direction n.方向） -- A gust of wind sent the paper flying in all directions 一阵风刮得纸片到处乱飞。 hurl vt.用力投掷
project v.发射 （= send up 发出, 射出, 长出）
Exercise：
1> polite（adj.有礼貌的） à impolite（adj.无礼的, 粗鲁的）
2> agree à disagree
3> legible（adj.清晰的, 易读的） à illegible（adj.难辨认的, 字迹模糊的）
4> accurate（adj.正确的, 精确的） à inaccurate（adj.错4
Lesson 07 Mutilated ladies 残钞鉴别组
3> who
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
Exercise：
1> painless（adj.无痛的, 不痛的） 2> beautiful 3> daily
4> childish（--ish的形容词具有贬义色彩） 5> athletic（adj.运动的, 体育的, 身体健壮的） Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1.B正确 involve vt.包括, 使陷入 2.D正确
-- identify à identifiable（adj.可以确认的） -- return à returnable（adj.可退回的） -- eat à eatable（adj.可以吃的） 3.B正确 unless = if not
4.A正确 c) any large bank notes（any +复数） 5.C正确 真实的条件句 6.B正确
一般来说, 如果表示某人的东西就用 ‘s.
如果采用介词of表示所属关系, 被修饰名词前要出现定冠词。
-- Mary’s book = the book of Mary 7.C正确 简单句, 选用一般过去式 8.A正确 safety n.安全, 保险 9.A正确
-- in charge of 某人负责某物 -- in the charge of 某物由某人负责
10.D正确 -- become ash = turn to ash = turn into ash 11.B正确
send = dispatch（vt.送, 派遣, 发出）= deliver（vt.递送, 交付）
convey（vt.运输, 运送） fetch（vt.去取回来） 12.B正确
provided（conj.倘若）= providing（conj.倘若） -- Provided that you reduce the price, I’ll take all the goods. 假如你减价, 我会买下所有的货物。
c) supposed的形式不对, suppose和supposing都可以。 -- Suppose（conj.假使...结果会怎样）= supposing（conj.万一, 假使）
Lesson 09 Flying cats 飞猫
1... C be best known for = be famous for… 众所周知, 因...而著名
attraction（n.吸引, 吸引力） trap（vt.使受, 设陷） 2... C the main advantage（n.好处, 优势, 有利条件） endanger（vt.危及）
Swiss（n.瑞士人 adj.瑞士的, 瑞士人的）
Italian（n.意大利人, 意大利语 adj.意大利的, 意大利语的, 意大利文化的）
3... D differ（vi.不一致, 不同）
occupation（n.工作, 职业） undisturbed（adj.不受打扰的）
pursue（vt.从事, 继续, 追赶） relatively（adv.相对地, 比较地）
4... D 名词作表语（原句中为at介词短语作状语） 5... A 形容词或副词和enough to do搭配
b）选项错在so rash as to （-- You are so kind as to help me.）
6... A with的复合结构形式
-- A large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.
-- With so many people around me, I fell happy. 7... C 让某人做某事：let sb do 8... C 泛泛的概念采取一般现在时 9... B 强调两者之间 10... A
whenever = if ever 无论什么时候, 只要情况是如此 -- Whenever/if ever you pour oil on water, it floats.（vi.飘浮）
in case（conj.万一） 主要是讨论预防措施 -- You should insure your house in case there is a fire. 11... D voyage（n.vi.航海, 航行）
12... C wander = roam（v.漫游, 闲逛, 徜徉） graze（v.放牧, 吃草）
drift（n.v.漂流）= float（n.v.浮动, 飘浮） wonder（vt.想知道, 感到奇怪）
Lesson 08 A famous monastery 著名的修道院
Special difficulties 难点 so, such, such a, such an 1> so
2> such （fun是不可数名词） 3> such an （exhibition n.展览会） 4> so （twin n.双胞胎中一人） 5
Special difficulties 难点 1> what
2> when engaged（adj.忙碌的, 使用中的）
5> such a
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1... A endlessly fascinating 无穷的吸引人的 Endlessly（adv.不断地, 无穷尽地） 2... D 3... A
unlikely（adj.未必的, 不太可能的） exceed（vt.超越, 胜过） 4... C
for 对于人们来讲
with 对于人们来讲（强调对比概念）
-- With some children, their pocket money goes a long way.（暗含：对于其他的孩子来说…） Unfailing（adj.经久不衰的,无穷尽的） Endless（adj.无止境的, 无穷的） 5... B
as...as... 象…一样 in the way that... 以…方式
-- I love you in the way that you love me.
-- We like modern art in the same way that we like pretty curtain material.
6... D popularly（adv.一般地, 流行地, 通俗地, 大众地） It is said that... 据说… It is announced that... 据宣布… It is reported that... 据报道…
7... B there is plenty of改为there are plenty of就对了 8... A 9... A
throughout（prep.遍及, 贯穿）
-- throughout one’s life 毕生, 整个一生中 during 在…期间（时间较短） -- during our holiday / during the week through 侧重强调从空间穿过
-- through the crowd 穿过人群 / through the door -- Monday through Friday
10... C It would seem (that)... = apparently
event n.结果, 事件, 事变 （in the event adv.结果, 如果） Surprisingly（adv.令人惊讶地） 11... C
explain（v.解释, 说明） test（v.测试, 试验, 检验）
bear vt.vi.（bore, borne/born, bearing）v.负担, 忍受 support（vt.支撑, 扶持, 支持） -- The theory is supported by the fact. -- The theory is based on the fact. 12... A
6
even so（conj.虽然如此） 注意：要有上下文 -- He is very tired, even so he keeps studying English hard. Although（conj.虽然, 尽管）引导让步状语从句 in spite of（虽然, 尽管）只用了连接名词、动名词或代词 moreover（adv.而且；此外）表示递近关系
-- I don’t like skating; moreover, the ice is too thin. 我不喜欢溜冰，而且冰也太薄。
Lesson 10 The loss of the Titanic “泰坦尼克”号的沉没
Special difficulties 难点 1>动词后加-er
如果是以不发音的e结尾的, 只加r（表示行为的主动者, 做某事的人）。
work à worker / teachàteacher / writeàwriter / readàreader
murder（vt.谋杀, 凶杀）à murderer（n.杀人犯, 凶手） 2>动词、名词后加-ist （表示某种主义信仰者, 从事某种职业、研究的人。）
Copy à copyist（n.抄写员, 模仿者） 无效 à typist（n.打字员）
novel（n.小说, 长篇故事）à novelist（n.小说作家） drug（n.药）à druggist（n.药商, 药剂师）
tobacco（n.烟草, 烟草制品）à tobacconist（n.烟草商, 烟店）
3 >形容词后加-ness（抽象名词, 表示一种性质、情况、状态）
kind à kindness（n.仁慈, 亲切, 好意, 善意） bitter à bitterness（n.苦味, 辛酸, 苦难）
happy à happiness（n.幸福, 快乐）--- 以结尾要变y为i加ness.
willing（adj.乐意的, 自愿的）à willingness（n.自动自发,积极肯干）
4>某些动词后加-ion,构成名词。 Suggest à suggestion
possess（vt.占有, 拥有, 持有）à possession（n.拥有, 占有）
collect à collection（n.收藏, 搜集品）
以-te结尾的动词, 把不发音的-e去掉, 在加-ion. Translate（vt.翻译, 解释, 转化） à translation（n.翻译, 译文, 转化）
complete à completion（n.完成）
graduate（v.(使)(大学)毕业）à graduation（n.毕业, 毕业典礼）
某些以-aim/-ain结尾的动词、把-i去掉，在加-ation. Explain（v.解释, 说明）à explanation（n.解释, 解说, 说
明）
Exclaim（v.呼喊, 惊叫, 大声叫）à exclamation（n.惊叫, 喊叫）
5>（以-able/-ible结尾的）形容词之后加-ity变成（以-ability/-ibility结尾的）抽象名词 （表示性质、状态） able à ability
probable（adj.很可能的, 大概的）à probability（n.可能性, 或然性, 概率）
possible（adj.可能的）à possibility（n.可能性, 可能发生的事物）
mobile（adj.可移动的, 机动的）à mobility（n.活动性, 灵活性, 机动性） Exercise：
Violin（n.小提琴）à violinist（n.小提琴演奏者, 小提琴家） Responsible（adj.有责任的, 可靠的）à responsibility（n.责任, 职责）
Careless（adj.粗心的, 疏忽的） à carelessness
1> physics（n.物理学）à physicist（n.物理学者, 唯物论者）
2> mine（n.矿v.开采, 开矿）à miner（n.矿工） 3> human（n.人类adj.人类的）à humanity（n.人性, 人类）
4> impress（vt.留下印象）à impression（n.印象, 感想） -- make a good impression
5> original（adj.最初的, 原始的）à originality（n.创意, 创造性）
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1... D maiden（n.少女, 处女 adj.未婚的, 纯洁的, 处女的）
-- on her first = maiden voyage 首航, 处女航 2…C course（n.过程, 路线, 课程）
-- steep（adj.陡峭的, 险峻的）à steeply（adv.险峻地） 3... A
4... B on board her（her指代的是the great ship） -- on board the plane 在飞机上 -- on board the train 在火车上 -- on board the ship 在轮船上 5... D 表示下沉的可能性
6… D 有了“段时间”four days, 所以用过去完成进行时。 7... B so位于句首, 句子必须倒装。 8... D
9... A veer（vi.转向vt.使转向）= turn
10... C just in time = with no time to spare 躲得很及时 in next to no time = at once = immediately
on a sudden impulse 凭一时的冲动（impulse n.冲动, 推动,
刺激）
11... B 重点在于下去调查
investigate（v.调查, 研究） examine（v.检查, 调查） 12... A room（n.空间） volume（n.容量, 容积） area（n.范围, 区域,地区） place（n.地方, 地点）
Lesson 11 Not guilty 无罪
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1.C potential（adj.潜在的, 可能的）
2.C what提问 à 名词回答 idea（n.想法, 念头） 3.A smuggle（n.走私, 偷带 v.走私） 4.D
5.C look him in the eyes/face = look directly at him
6.B would you kindly do sth please （一种有礼貌的请求）
7.A should = ought to
8.A Having finished his homework, he went to bed. 9.C easy-going（adj.好相处的, 随和的） tolerable（adj.可容忍的 能忍耐的） placid（adj.平静的）
negligent（adj.疏忽的, 粗心大意的） 10 A feel ashamed of… 为…感到羞愧 unashamed（adj.不害羞的, 不知耻的） guiltless（adj.无罪的, 无辜的） 11.D
incomprehensible（= unable to be understood）adj.不能理解的
technical（adj.专业性的, 技术的, 技术上的）
-- The article is full of incomprehensible technical expressions.
Incredible（= unbelievable）adj.难以置信的, 不可思议的 -- What you said is incredible. Incredulous（adj.怀疑的, 不轻信的） -- He is an incredulous person.
Skeptical（unwilling to believe）adj.好怀疑的, 怀疑的 12. baggage（n.行李, <的>行装）= luggage（n.行李, 皮箱）
casement（n.门式窗）
equipment（n.装备, 设备, 器材, 装置）
Lesson 12 Life on a desert island荒岛生活
Special difficulties 难点
7
wish, if only
1> had bought it（显然说明的是过去的情况） -- silly adj.愚蠢的, 无聊的
2> couldn’t/wouldn’t make such noise. 3> were here （强调：他在这儿, 该有多好）
说明与现在情况相反的概念, 无论什么人称, be动词应该使用were.
4> could play the piano as well... 5> had studied hard then. 6> hadn’t mentioned it to him. Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1... C 要么是过度乐观, 要么是过度的悲观 unreal adj.不真实的, 虚幻的 present vt.介绍, 赠送, 呈现 wretchedness n.可怜, 悲惨 idleness n.闲散, 懒惰, 赋闲无事 unduly adv.不适当地, 过度地, 不正当地 optimistic adj.乐观的
pessimistic adj.悲观的, 厌世的
2... D essential（adj.必需的, 基本的）= very necessary equipment n.装备, 设备
3... A fend for oneself 的照料某人
4... B think of sb/sth as… 把某人、某事看作为... 5... D few of us 我们当中没有几个人 6... C after(介词)其后要和名词、动名词搭配
-- after(连词)引导时间状语从句, 表示动作在前。（A答案变为they had rowed就对了）
7... B Refrigerators are useful.= A refrigerator is useful. Scarce adj.缺乏的, 不足的, 稀有的, 不充足的
8... C 为做过的事情后悔：regret + doing be sorry that是否可以表示后悔去做某事？ 9... B
inhabited（adj.有人居住的） uninhabited（adj.无人居住的）
unpopular adj.不流行的, 不受欢迎的 barren adj.不生育的, 不孕的, 贫瘠的 n.荒地 10... D 完全不同的 entirely different naturally adv.自然地, 天然地 11... D
觉得、发现某人或某事怎么样：find sb/sth to be -- They found the trip to be very exciting. 某人或某事被发现怎么样, 常用被动语态。 -- The car is found to be beautiful. Demonstrate v.论证,表明,举行,示威 12... A put it = express
Lesson 13 \"It's only me\"“是我，别害怕”
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1.D She wanted to know whether that costume was comfortable to wear. 2.C
take sb in 使某人信以为真, 让某人上当 disguise n.伪装 v.假装, 伪装, 掩饰 3.C
4...C and前后连接时态要呼应, 表示并列关系。 5...B how修饰限定形容词
At that moment, she hadn’t put on the costume. 6...B anxious形容词短语做原因状语
动词不定式的否定形式是在动词不定式符号之前直接加否定词not, never
7...B 强调过去的一个动作
8...C see sb do sth看见某人做某事（做宾语补足语时, 不定式符号to被省略） 9...A
at the very moment 就在此刻
as long as / so long as 用来引导条件句, 表示只要 -- You can go out as long as you promise to be back before 11 o’clock.
Only when... 只有当…（引导时间状语从句） 10...D
miss+动名词：表示错过做什么事情
-- I don’t want to miss seeing that film on television tonight. forgot to do sth 表示忘记去做某事 -- Yesterday, I forgot to lock the door. succeed in doing sth 表示成功做了某事 if…happen to... 表示某事偶然发生 brown n.褐色 adj.褐色的, 棕色的 loaf n.一条面包 brown loaf 黑面包
-- If you happen to pass the baker’s, pick me up a brown loaf, would you
-- If you happen to finish the work early give me a ring. 11...A
reading 表示仪表或者仪器上的指数、读数 -- What are the temperature readings for the week -- take a metre-reading 读电表上的数字 measurement 测量尺寸、大小调节稳定
-- What’s your waist measurement 你的腰围是多少？ Regulation n.调节（regulation of body heat体温调节） Heat n.热, 热度 12...B 8
let out 发出（= give）
shout vt.高呼, 高喊（有喊叫的 对象） -- shout to sb 对某人高声喊 -- shout at sb 对某喊大叫 -- Don’t shout at the elders.
-- take a metre-reading 读电表上的数字 measurement 测量尺寸、大小调节稳定
-- What’s your waist measurement 你的腰围是多少？ Regulation n.调节（regulation of body heat体温调节） Heat n.热, 热度 12...B
let out 发出（= give）
shout vt.高呼, 高喊（有喊叫的 对象） -- shout to sb 对某人高声喊 -- shout at sb 对某喊大叫 -- Don’t shout at the elders.
Lesson 13 \"It’s only me’ “是我，别害怕”
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1.D She wanted to know whether that costume was comfortable to wear. 2.C
take sb in 使某人信以为真, 让某人上当 disguise n.伪装 v.假装, 伪装, 掩饰 3.C
4...C and前后连接时态要呼应, 表示并列关系。 5...B how修饰限定形容词
At that moment, she hadn’t put on the costume. 6...B anxious形容词短语做原因状语
动词不定式的否定形式是在动词不定式符号之前直接加否定词not, never
7...B 强调过去的一个动作
8...C see sb do sth看见某人做某事（做宾语补足语时, 不定式符号to被省略） 9...A
at the very moment 就在此刻
as long as / so long as 用来引导条件句, 表示只要 -- You can go out as long as you promise to be back before 11 o’clock.
Only when... 只有当…（引导时间状语从句） 10...D
miss+动名词：表示错过做什么事情
-- I don’t want to miss seeing that film on television tonight. forgot to do sth 表示忘记去做某事 -- Yesterday, I forgot to lock the door. succeed in doing sth 表示成功做了某事 if…happen to... 表示某事偶然发生 brown n.褐色 adj.褐色的, 棕色的 loaf n.一条面包 brown loaf 黑面包
-- If you happen to pass the baker’s, pick me up a brown loaf, would you
-- If you happen to finish the work early give me a ring. 11...A
reading 表示仪表或者仪器上的指数、读数 -- What are the temperature readings for the week
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Lesson 14 A noble gangster 贵族歹徒
Special difficulties 难点 would rather / would sooner would rather do… than do…
would rather that… (that宾语从句中要出现动词的过去时) 1...go
2...left（rather省略了that） 3...did not speak
4...not speak（would rather do…的否定形式结构：would rather not do… 宁愿不做...） 5...settled 6...didn’t tell
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1... B
premise n.房产, 房屋(及其附属建筑, 地基等) unharmed adj.未受伤害的, 太太平平的 destruction n.破坏, 毁灭
criminal n.罪犯, 犯罪者 adj.犯罪的, 犯法的, 罪恶的 2... B 他获取自己的名字是依据自己的所作所为 practice n.实行, 实践 sharp adj.苛刻的 recognition n.承认, 认可
3... A in that = because \"因为\表示一种原因 boldness n.大胆, 冒失, 勇敢 bravery n.勇敢, 大胆, 无畏 can not help 不得不, 情不自禁
4... A 段时间：for a long time（现在完成式） 5... C prefer doing… to doing… 6... B hire sth from sb 从某人租得某物 7... A if not (如果不) = unless Provided… 条件是...
8... C 介词on和名词death相搭配（表示：去世的状态）
介词on和动名词搭配（表示：一...就...） -- On seeing him, I ran away. 9... B passed（动词的过去分词） depart vi.离去, 离开, 出发
-- When does the next train depart 下一次列车什么时候开？ 10... D
prepared adj.心甘情愿的, 准备好的（= willing） -- be willing to do = be prepared to do
agreeable adj.使人愉快的, 惬意的, 适合的, 宜人的 desirable adj.值得要的, 合意的, 令人想要的（= attractive adj.吸引人的）
cycle n.周期, 循环, 自行车 circle n.圆圈, 环状物
-- draw a circle 画一个圆圈 / the cycle of the seasons 四季的循环
11.B strictly adv.严格地, 确实地 well and truly = completely
-- Tom was well and truly drunk. 汤姆烂醉如泥。 -- drunk adj.喝醉了的（drink 的过去分词） by no means (无论如何)决不
= in no way（adv.决不）= on no account（adv.决不）= in no sense（adv.决不）
12.B move vt.移动, 感动 embarrass vt.使窘迫；使为难 -- They look at each other embarrassed. Distress v.使悲痛, 使穷困, 使忧伤 -- Please don’t distress yourself.
-- He was most distressed to hear the sad news.
Lesson 15 Fifty pence worth of trouble 五十便士的麻烦
Special difficulties 难点
1.save / 2.sail（steamboat n.汽船, 轮船） 3.buttoned / 4.Eat / 5.went / 6.wrapped 7.wind （v.上发条, 绕, 缠） 8.do （shoelace n.鞋带）
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1.C 2.D
3.A have sth done / get sth out of
4.B plenty仅用于肯定句中, much用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句。 5.B
advise sb to do sth advise sb that...
-- that引导的宾语从句必须要出现should+动词原形（虚拟语气）
-- I advise my students that they should read English for more than an hour. 6.D doing sth…when
如果句中的when表达的概念是：就在这时、恰恰这时、正当此时, 那么其的主句结构往往 采用进行时态
7.A neither/nor：也不（用于句首句子必须倒装） 8.C put sth.+ prep.（-- put the book in the bookcase / put the book on the desk）
9.A durable（adj.耐用的, 持久的）
-- durable clothing 耐穿的衣服 / durable goods 耐用品 10.C
tour n.旅行, 旅游 v.旅行
in turn 轮流地 （-- I think we should clean our classroom in return.）
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Lesson 16 Mary had a little lamb 玛丽有一头羔羊
Special difficulties 难点 had better do / had better not do
1.We had better have lunch. （Advisable adj.适当的；明智的；可取的）
2.She had better renew her passport （Renew vt.更换, 更新）
3.You’d better not ask so many questions. 4.We’d better not stay any longer.
5.The children had better get an early night. （Consult v.商量, 商议, 请教）
6.I had better consult my solicitor.（Solicitor n.律师, 法律顾问）
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1. C untie vt.解开 vi.松开, 解开
2. B community （n.社区, 公社, 团体, 社会）= village 3. B truthful（adj.诚实的, 说实话的） admit（v.容许, 承认） 4. D 5. D正确
present（adj.现在的, 出席的） 反义词：absent（adj.不在的, 缺席的）
present （vt.赠送, 给）
-- When Mr. Brown left firm, the director presented a gold watch to him.
-- The gold watch was present from the director. a present from somebody 某人所送的礼物
6. C
7. D so small a size 8. B 9. A
valued adj.尊贵的, 尊重的, 宝贵的
-- valued advice宝贵的忠告 / valued friend尊贵的朋友 worthwhile adj.值得做的（-- working hard is worthwhile 努力学习是值得做的）
worthy adj.值得的, 配得上的（be worthy of） -- The chain is worthy of the watch.（chain n.链子） -- His deeds are worthy of our praise. 他的确行为陪得上我们的表扬 10. B
tell somebody about something report something to somebody 11 C正确 chat v.聊天 n.聊天 argument n.争论, 辩论 12 A正确
out of doors = outdoors = outside（n.adj.adv.prep.） -- outdoors n.户外 adv.在户外, 在野外 adj.在户外 = outdoor（adj.室外的, 户外的） -- outdoors 的反义词：indoors（adv.在户内） in the open air 在户外, 露天 inside out 里外反穿
-- He put his socks on inside out. 他把袜子穿反了。
6. B
thus adv.因而, 从而, 这样, 如此
-- He sold his farm and thus he had enough money for his journey.
他卖掉了农场, 这样他就有足够的钱旅行了。 -- There has been no rain - thus, the crops are drying. 天没下雨, 因此庄稼要枯死了。 7. D
immense 描述性形容词用于物质名词的前面 sink vi.vt.（sank, sunk, sinking）下沉, 使沉没 ferro-concrete n.[建]钢筋混凝土, 钢骨水泥 8. D load n.负荷, 装载量, 负载 the load = the total capacity can不能与be able to 搭配连用 can+动词原形（表示一般的能力） 9. A
either 表示两者中的每一方的
-- He sat in the car with a policeman on either side of him. -- on either side of the street either adj.修饰名词的单数形式 both adj.修饰名词的复数形式
every adj.用于三者或三者以上（意思上等于all） -- in every direction = in all directions side by side 肩并肩的, 并排
-- The two bottles stood side by side on the table. -- walk side by side 肩并肩的走 10. C
link…with / join… to
attach… to 把…牢牢的系上 （attach v.系上, 贴上）
世界上最长的吊桥
-- She attached a check to the order form. 她在定单上附了一张支票。
Relate…to/with 表示在…之间建立联系
-- I can’t relate what you say happened with what I saw. 我不能把你所说的发生的事件和我所看到的联系起来。 Unify vt.统一, 使成一体 11. C
suspension bridge 吊桥
suspended adj.暂停的, 缓期的, 延期的
-- The java suspended sentence. 法官判了他缓刑。 -- judge n.法官, 审判员 Suspense n.担心, 不安, 悬念
-- The competitors in the beauty contest were kept in suspense waiting for the result.
-- competitor（n.竞争者） contest（n.论争, 竞赛） Suspender n.吊索, 吊袜带 12. D 11
Lesson 17 The longest suspension bridge in the world
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1. D considerable adj.值得考虑的, 相当可观的
the longest suspension bridge was named after Verrazano. 2. A stretch n.一段路程, 一段时间 a wide stretch of water 连续不断的水域 3. A
The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer. account for 考虑, 说明, 解决 take account of / take into account 考虑 curvature n.弯曲度 vehicle n.交通工具, 车辆 4. A describe sth As
situated 动词过去分词接受 agreeably的限定 5. A 陈述客观事实
take vt.容纳, 装载
-- The tank will take about twelve gallons.（n.加仑） Sustain vt.支撑, 承受住
-- I don’t think this floor will sustain the weight of the grand piano.
Endure vt.经受, 承受(痛苦、苦难) Receive vt.收到
7. A正确 in order that只能引导目的状语从句 so that可以引导目的和结果状语从句 1>引导目的状语从句时：so that + 情态动词 2>引导结果状语从句时：so that + 一般时态
8. D正确 both...and…（both和and的后面成分应该相同） 9. D正确 at one blow 强调一次重击 all of a sudden = suddenly with a light touch 轻轻的一碰 10 A正确 gave off
11 B正确 illuminate v.照明, 照亮
-- illuminated by candle / illuminate the streets
Lesson 18 Electric currents in modern art
现代艺术的电流
enlighten vt.开导, 启发
enlightened adj.开通的, 开明的（-- enlightened policy 开明的）
alight vi.(不及物)下车, 落下（alighted, alighted）（alit, alit） -- Passengers should not alight from the train until it has stopped.
alighted adj.点着的, 发亮的（= burning） -- the fire is alighted/burning 12 C正确 designed表达一种意图
-- a book designed/intended mainly for English learner. 一本专门为英语学习者编写的书。 Draw vt.画（-- draw a picture）
Draw vt.支取, 提取（-- draw money from bank） Create vt.创造
Special difficulties 难点
以元音+ｙ结尾的名词/动词, 加ｓ时直接加。 Day à days Way à ways Enjoy à enjoys Buy à buys
以辅音+ｙ结尾的名词/动词, 加ｓ时, 去ｙ变I加es。 Lady à ladies Berry à berries Reply à replies
Jungle’s opinion：不能有三个辅音在一起, 否则不好读。（例：ladys）
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1. A正确 2. C正确
mobile adj.可移动的, 易变的, 机动的 effect n.结果, 效果, 作用, 影响 electronic adj.电子的
activate vt.刺激, 使活动, 开[起] 动, 触发 3. D正确 one could not pass them unnoticed
can not pass something unnoticed 不可能路过某物而不注意到它
-- The dress is so beautiful that I can’t pass it unnoticed unnoticed adj.不引人注意的, 被忽视的 untouched adj.未触及的; 没有动过的 4. C正确 eighty years ago（一般过去时） 5. C正确 entrance + to, arrival + in/at
6. prohibit vt.阻止, 禁止（重点强调法律或条例明文禁止） prohibit somebody from doing something
-- The law prohibit children from buying alcohol.（n.酒精, 酒）
forbid somebody to do something -- The law forbid children to buy alcohol.
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Lesson 19 A very dear cat 一条贵重的宝贝猫
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1. A正确 could and would 愿意并有能力 companion n.同伴, 共事者
2. B正确 on what conditions 在什么样的基础之上 reveal vt.展现, 显示, 揭示, 暴露 3. A正确 greatly adv.很, 非常
4. B正确 for a great many years（用完成时） 5. D正确
6. A正确 reaction n.反应, 反作用 根据语法规则：
主语是ambition, duty, goal, hope, idea, intention, mistake, plan, policy, purpose, reaction, suggestion等名词的时, 句子的表语必须是to不定式短语, 该不定式短语是说明其内容的。 -- His purpose in life was to seek truth instead of money. -- Our plan is to make better use of this material. 7. B正确 for fear + of/that
-- They are working hard for fear that they should fail.
= They are working hard for fear of failure. afraid for 侧重点表示：为...感到担心, 害怕失去 -- The parents are often are afraid for their children. 父母常为孩子担心。
-- He was afraid for his job. 他害怕丢工作。 -- I am not afraid for my head. 我不怕掉脑袋。 8. D正确 修饰money用large 9. D正确
measured adj.慎重的, 有节奏的, 标准的, 整齐的, 有规则的
regular adj.强调有规则的
disciplined n.受过训练的, 遵守纪律的 10.B正确
go for a walk = go for a stroll go on/for a trek 进行艰苦的跋涉 -- trek n.牛拉车旅行, 艰苦跋涉 go for a trot 去散步
-- trot n.小跑, 骑马, 疾走, 忙碌 lane n.（乡间）小路, 巷, 里弄
-- I’m going for a trot down the lane. 我正沿着巷子小跑。 11.C正确 sure enough = as (was) expected without a doubt adv.无疑地
as a matter of fact adv.事实上（in fact = actually 实际上, 事实上）
12.A正确 healthy adj.健康的, 健壮的
sane（adj.神志清楚的, 头脑清楚的）= sensible（明智的, 有判断力的）
8. A正确 9. C 正确
no further 修饰距离 （-- I can walk no further. 我再也走不动了。）
no longer 修饰时间或长度 （-- He no longer lives here. 他再也不住这了。）
no more 修饰某物 （-- I can eat no more. 我再也吃不下了。）
10.D正确
-- The ship rode the waves. 这艘船漂浮在水面上。 hold water 论点或观点站得住脚
-- What you said doesn’t hold water. 你的话站不得住脚。 Watertight adj. 无懈可击的, 不漏水的, 不透水的 -- a watertight contract. 严密的合同
11.A正确 12.D正确
immense adj.修饰面积大得难以测量 grand adj.雄伟的, 壮丽的, 盛大的
Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza 丹尼尔.门多萨
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1...D grasp vt.抓住, 掌握, 领会 n.抓住, 掌握, 领会 establish vt.建立, 设立, 确定, 证实
2...D in favor of adv.赞同, 有利于 3...C apart from 除什么之外还有 supplement vt.补足, 补充 4...A 5...A 6...B
7...B owe people money = owe money to people 8...B
vivid adj.生动的, 鲜明的, 鲜艳的, 活泼的, 逼真的 personality n.个性, 人格, 人物, 名人 character n.特性, 性质, 特征, 人物 image n.图象, 肖像, 偶像
imaginative adj.想象的, 虚构的 adj.富于想象的, 有想象力的 9...C
exceptionally（adj.例外的, 异常的） à unusually（adv.显著地, 不同寻常的）
-- An exceptionally beautiful girl.
marvelously（adj.不可思议的, 非凡的） = wonderfully（adv.奇妙的, 奇异的） singly adv.单独的
unequally adv.不相等地, 不公平地, 独一无二的 10...A rise vi.n. 13
Lesson 20 Pioneer pilots 飞行员的先驱
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1. C正确 develop（vt.使显出, 出现, 产生） take-off（n.起飞） 2. B正确
3. B正确 forced landing 迫降 properly（adv.适当地, 完全地）
4. C正确 序数词和不定式搭配连用 5. A正确 not till / not until 6. C正确 有just一般用完成时
7. D正确 promised vt.预示（有可能发生好的迹象） threaten 预示…的恶兆
-- The river of liquid rock threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time.
这股岩浆威胁着要将他团团围住,但泰哲夫还是设法及时躲开了。
11...A
jealous adj.妒忌的, 猜疑的, 警惕的, 嫉妒的
disinterested adj.无私心的, 廉洁的, 公正的 adj.[美口]不关心的, 不感兴趣的 revolt v.反抗, , 反叛
revolted adj.起来反抗的, 的, 厌恶的 12...D beat = defeat
conquer vt.征服, 战胜, 占领, 克服 gain vt.vi.赢得, 获得 win v.赢得（比赛）
finally adv.最后 lastly adv.顺序上的最后
in the end 强调最终失败的结果（用于句尾或句首） -- He worked harder and harder, but in the end he failed. Conclusive adj.结论性的, 决定性的, 最后的 11.B
peer vt.凝视或眯眼看专心地、探求地或较为费劲地看 peer about 眯着眼睛看
-- When you enter a cinema, you often have to peer about... search vt.搜寻, 寻找（-- search for sth） blink vt.眨眼睛, 闪亮
Lesson 22 By heart 熟记台词
stare vt.盯着看（-- stare at） 12.C
inform表示正式的通知
rejoin vt.使再结合, 再加入, 再回答
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1...A He laughs best, who laughs last. Proverb n.格言, 谚语 Suit v.合适, 适合 Gist n.要点, 梗概, 要旨 Silver n.银, 银子 Leap v.跳, 跳越, 跳跃
Golden adj.贵重的, 金色的, 金黄色的 Hatch vt.孵, 孵出 vi.孵化 2...C end with... 以...结束 plight n.情况, 状态, 困境 imprisonment n.关押 audience n.听众, 观众 bore vt.令人厌烦 3...C
improvise v.临时准备 pretend vt.假装, 装扮 4.C 主格结构
with a letter to deliver to the prisoner. = with a letter for the prisoner.
Deliver vt.递送, 陈述, 释放, 发表 5.A
insist that + should insist on + 名词/动名词 6.C
7.C give him a copy （a 表示任意的一份, the表示特指） 8.A neither, nor用于句首, 句子倒装 9.D trick n.恶作剧, 诡计, ,窍门, 诀窍
play a joke on 开玩笑 = play a trick on 捉弄（单方面取乐）
have a joke with sb 和某人开玩笑（强调两人共同取乐） -- I’ve just had a joke with my classmate. 10.D
14
Lesson 23 One man's meat is another man's poison
各有所爱
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1> D 2> A
3> D propose vt.计划, 建议, 向...提议 vi.打算 4> A
5> B kinds和介词of连用 / foods各种各样的食物 -- certain kinds of food = certain foods 6> C and和or的用法：
在肯定句中表示并列的关系用and。
在否定句中, 两个对等的谓语、宾语、状语或从句的连接用or, 把两个成分都否定掉。 -- He doesn’t smoke or drink.
-- She couldn’t remember who she was or where she left. 她不知她自己是谁以及从哪来的。
在否定句中出现了and, 表示语义的转折, 相当于but。 -- The room is not big and comfortable. 这房子不大但很舒服。
-- The room is not big or comfortable. 这房子不大也不舒服。
7>A having left…的逻辑主语是主句的主句 accompany vt.陪伴
-- She accompanied me to the doctor’s. 她陪我去看了医生。
8> C saw后面省略了that 9> D
be sick 表示一种状态, feel sick表示突然的一种感觉。 feel sick = sicken（vt.使患病, 使恶心或昏晕 vi.得病, 变厌腻）
-- He began to feel sick as soon as the ship started to move. 10> D
meal n.一餐, 一顿饭
dish（n.一道菜, 盘, 餐盘, 碟）= course（n.一道菜） 11> B
a couple of hours = tow hours or so 一两个小时的时间 round the clock 昼夜不停, 连续一整天, 毫不疲倦地, 不松劲地 12> B
numerous（adj.众多的, 许多的, 无数的）= countless（adj.无数的, 数不尽的）
-- There are numerous people waiting for you.
numerable adj.可数的, 可计算的（= able to be counted） numerical adj.数字的, 用数表示的（多用作前置形容词） -- in numerical order 按照数字顺序 / numerical ability 使用数字的能力
numbered adj.有限的, 时日无多的 adj.已编号的（numbered card已编号的卡）
little 否定语义的副词
uncommonly adv.不平常的, 不平凡的, 罕见地 preciously adv.宝贵的, 贵重的 11>D
item n.项目, 条款, 物品 object n.物体, 目标, 宾语, 对象 trunk n.树干, 躯干, 箱子, 象鼻
belongings n.财产, 所有物 = possession n.（私人）财产（常用复数） 12>A
be about to do… = be on the point of… 即将、即可做某事
be concerned with 对…关心, 与...有关, 牵涉到, 参与 think of v.考虑, 关心, 想起
Lesson 25 The Cutty Sark 卡蒂萨克”号帆船
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1>C fame n.名声, 名望
rest upon = rest on 倚靠, 依据, 根据, 把…靠在, likeness n.相象, 相似物
a line of stones 一排石头 / a line of argument 一连串的辩论
victory n.胜利, 战胜, 2>A
landmark n.里程碑, 划时代的事, (航海)陆标, 地界标 celebrate v.庆祝, 祝贺, 表扬, 赞美 en route adv.在途中 3>D
feat n.功绩 n.技艺, 武艺, 壮举, 技艺表演 gap n.差距 n.缺口, 裂口, 间隙, 缝隙, , 隔阂 make up v.弥补
4>C b中still的应该放在形容词able之前 5>B
The 和A的用法：
The与单数名词连用, 表示一类东西：
-- The lion is a wild animal. 狮子是一种野生动物。 -- The cow is a useful animal. 奶牛是有用的动物。 A
1>（一类事物中的）任何一个
-- Let’s go to a Chinese restaurant. 我们去一家中餐餐馆。 -- We saw a good film on TV last night. 昨天晚上我们在电视中看到了一个好片子。 2> 任何
-- A square has four sides. 正方形有四条边。 -- A dog is an animal. 狗是动物。 15
Lesson 24 A skeleton in the cupboard“家丑”
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1>A in what respect 在什么方面 （rarely adv.很少地, 罕有地）
fact指代柜子中真正有骷髅这件事 concerning prep.关于，有关
-- I spoke to him concerning his behavior. 我和他谈了他的行为。
2>C Underwear n.内衣裤 3>A
4>A having为现在分词做定语 C选项中的whom应该为who
5>C 运用动词不定式修饰名词。（起定语从句的作用） 这样的名词前都有序数词：the first person, the only person, the last person
6>B something 有价值的事, 有意义的事（代词：有价值或重要的人或物）
what = all 全部（范围太广） 7>A no sooner…than… 8>B
9>D owe vt.欠(债等) vi.欠钱 has = own（vt.拥有adj.自己的） 10>A
6>D would和be going to不能重复使用 7>A
8>D not的位置不变 9>B
attract vt.吸引
-- The beautiful scenery attracts me. appeal to 引起兴趣
-- The topic of the conversation never appeals to me. 10>A set out 出发
set out on 出发去做某事
set out on the trip/journey/excursion 出发去旅行 depart vi.离开, 起程 depart for 起程去某地 11>A
take the lead = go into the lead 12>
considering prep.鉴于, 考虑到, 顾及
in respect of 关于, 就…来说 = with regard to 关于 according to prep.依据, 按照
in view of 鉴于, 考虑到（= considering） account应该和其它介词搭配
Lesson 27 Nothing to sell and nothing to buy 不卖也不
买
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1>A circumstance n.环境, 详情, 境况
2>D criminal n.罪犯, 犯罪者 adj.犯罪的, 犯法的, 罪恶的 compensate v.偿还, 补偿
inconvenience n.麻烦, 不方便之处 3>B in moments of truth = truly undignified adj.无尊严的
compare v.比较, 相比, 比喻 n.比较 burden v.负担 n.担子, 负担 livelihood n.生计, 谋生 4>B
5>B a中的have to用的不恰当 对两者的否定 Neither…nor… Nothing…nor… Nor位于句首, 倒装。 6>B
7>D contemptuously adv.轻蔑地 speak of 谈及, 说到
speak for 代表...讲话, 为…辩护 speak on 就…而发言 speak to 与…谈话, 向...说 8>C 9>C
financial adj.财政的, 金融的 insure vt.给...保险 v.确保 sickness n.患病, 疾病, 不适, 恶心 10>
from place to place 从一个地方到另一个地方; 各地, 到处
= here and there 各处, 到处
one way or another 无论如何, 某种方法 in every sense 在各种意义上
-- He is a cheat in every sense.（cheat n.欺骗, 骗子） 11>B to survive = keep himself alive 12>C
look down upon/on 蔑视, 瞧不起
convict vt.（常与of连用）证明有…罪；宣判有…罪 -- He was convicted of murder. 他被判犯有谋杀罪。 Blame vt.（常与for连用）责备, 谴责 n.过失, 责备 -- She blamed me for the accident.
Condemn vt.判刑, 处刑（常与to连用）判以死刑或无期16
Lesson 26 Wanted: a large biscuit tin 购大饼干筒
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1>D
tempt vt.诱惑, 引诱, 吸引, 使感兴趣
disposal n.处理, 处置, 布置, 安排, 配置, 支配 promote vt.宣传，推销（商品） 2>A 3>C
4>C be proud of
5>B love doing / love to do
6>A 本句描述的是事实, 不该用if条件语句。
当修饰主语的定语从句过长而谓语过短, 一般将定语从句置于句位。
7>C in length（adv.长度）, in height
in width（adv.宽度方向上）, in weight, in depth 8>D 9>C
some or other (不确定的)某一个 = this or that one or other 或者这个, 或者那个 10>D attraction n.吸引, 吸引力
11>B occupy（vt.占有, 拥有, 占领, 占据）= take up 占据 12>A
徒刑
be condemned to death 被判死刑 -- The prisoner was condemned to death.
be related to… 与…有关系 2>B 3>A point n.要点
Lesson 28 Five pounds too dear 五镑也太贵
taken 过去分词做后置定语 illustrate vt.阐明
4>A The French 法国人的总称
a French应改为a Frenchman（任意一个法国人） a man in France 一个在法国的人 5>A
most adj.最多的, 多数的, 大部分的
adv.最, 最多, 很, 十分, 最, 最大的, 其中大多数, 极其 n.大多数, 大部分 -- most student -- most of the student
majority n.（常与of连用）多数；半数以上 the majority of… 大多数…
-- The majority of children in our class have brown eyes. 我们班大多数孩子是棕色眼睛。 Mostly adv.主要地, 大部分, 通常 6>A
who had the right leg à who had had the right leg（应该用过去完成时）
7>B no sooner…than… 8>C by drinking
By通过某种手段 （是重点, 在损坏的部分） 9>D do one’s best = try one’s best 尽全力 10>D console = comfort vt.安慰, 藉慰 11>C how much = to what extend
at length（adv.最后, 详细地）= in detail（adv.详细地） to one’s cost 付出了代价才..., 吃亏后才... -- Wasp’s stings are serious, as I know to my cost. -- Wasp（n.黄蜂） Sting（n.刺, 刺痛, 针刺） 12>B
in the same way adv.同样地 to the same effect 以相同的意思
Lesson 30 The death of a ghost 幽灵之死
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1>D
It never occurred to them that… 他们从来没有想到过…
Lesson 29 Funny or not 是否可笑？
2>A
penalty（n.处罚, 罚款）= punishment（n.惩罚, 处罚, 惩处）
desertion n.丢掉, 遗弃, 逃亡, 开小差 3>D 17
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1>B merchandise n.商品, 货物（= goods） -- lay out 摆开, 展示
2>C pester（vt.使烦恼, 纠缠）= assail（vt.攻击, 困扰） 3>B 4>D 5>C 6>A 7>D 8>C
resist vt.抵抗, 反抗
-- resist aggression 抵抗侵略 / resist heat 耐热 -- resist temptation 抵制引诱
-- I was unable to resist laughing. 我忍不住笑了。 9>C
afterwards adv.然后, 后来地（可以单独使用） -- soon afterwards, shortly afterwards after adv.在后, 后来（不能单独使用） -- two days after later adv.后来, 过后
-- I will see you later. 等会儿再见。
-- But some time later it began to rain. 但过了些时候开始下雨了。
The later 后者
10>B intend to do 打算做某事 11>B
irritating adj.使愤怒的, 使人不愉快的
outrageous adj.无耻的, 可恶的, 令人不可容忍的（= preposterous）
preposterous adj.荒谬的, 可笑的
-- That’s a preposterous excuse! 那是一个荒谬的藉口! -- What a preposterous idea! 多么荒谬的想法! -- a preposterous old woman 一位可笑的老妇人 hilarious adj.热闹的, 高兴的, 狂欢的
unspeakable adj.无法形容的,不能以言语表达的,可怕的,坏透了的
= terrible adj.很糟的, 极坏的 12>A No matter how = however
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1>C the funny side of… …可笑方面的 fundamentally adv.基础地, 根本地
outbreak n.(战争的)爆发, (疾病的)发作 bury vt.埋葬, 掩埋, 隐藏 4>B 5>C
6>B army life = life in the army 生活 school life = life in the school 学校生活 7>A 8>A
9>C with time 随着时间的推移 at the time 当时, 在那个时候 on time adv.准时 at times adv.有时, 不时 10>B
recruit vt. vi.招募（新兵）
-- to recruit new police officers 招募新的警官 吸收（新成员）
-- to recruit some new members 吸收新成员
con脚本 n.被征入伍的士兵 vt.征募, 征兵, 征召（美语用draft）
-- He was con脚本 into the army.
Regiment n.团, 大群 v.把...编组, 把...编成团, 管辖 Regiment n.〈军〉团
-- The regiment was ordered to the front. 这个团被调往前线。
（常与of连用）大群；大量 -- a regiment of ducks 一大群鸭子 Regiment vt.管辖, 严格控制
-- Modern children don’t like being regimented. 现代的儿童不喜欢受严格的控制。 11>D hermit n.隐士, 隐居者 12>A
realizing = become aware of
never realizing = quite unaware of
Lesson 31 A lovable eccentric
lovable adj. 可爱的 lovable=worthy of love 惹人爱的 lovely=beautiful 可爱的
What he does is lovable. 他的所作所为很惹人爱。 I like the lovely boy/girl. 我喜欢这个可爱的孩子。
A large number of eccentrics are lovable. 许多怪人惹人喜爱。
eccentric n. （行为）古怪人: eccentric n.
=a
person
whose
behavior
is
peculiar ,unusual,rather strange.;
adj: peculiar,unusual,strange strange 因为陌生而奇怪
18
可爱的怪人
New words and expression 生词和短语
The modern building looks strange to the villagers. eccentric a.行为举止古怪
I can't get on well with him, because he is eccentric. odd 强调指出因为少见而多怪
Look, he is wearing an odd hat. peculiar 奇异的,不同寻常的 The house is peculiar.
I feel peculiar today.=I feel uncomfortable/ill.=I’m not myself today.
eccentricity n.怪癖
disregard
v. 不顾，漠视 disregard
v.=ignore ,pay no
attention to Disregard
noise and keep working. disregard n. have a disregard of/for
He has complete disregard of/for my feelings.他对我的感情漠然不顾。
in disregard of 不顾，忽视，漠视
He did the work in disregard of my instructions.他不顾我的指示而继续做这项工作。
treat sb. with disregard 怠慢某人
Anyway, don't treat your friends with disregard.无论如何不能怠慢自己的朋友。
convention n. 习俗，风俗
convention n.: generally accepted practice 被普遍接受的行为准则、常规、惯例,可受时间影响
Shaking hands when meeting people is normal convention in China. custom
历史悠久的社会习俗,不受时间影响 It is a custom of giving presents at Christmas.
He always does exactly what he wants and does not care about convention.
practice 某团体的传统做法或令他人无法接受的习俗 The normal practice in the company is to send bill as soon as the job is
done.这个公司的通常做 法是工作一做完就记帐单。 a normally accepted practice 普遍接受的做法 见 23 课 tradition 传统,比 custom 有更悠久的历史
Spending Christmas day is a tradition for western people. habit 个人习惯
I have a habit of reading aloud in the morning.
Conscious adj. 感觉到的，意识到的 conscious a.感觉到的=aware be conscious of/that=be aware of/that
He is quite unaware of the danger.他丝毫没有意识到这个危险。
He is not conscious of the danger. class conscious 有阶级意识的 family conscious
有家庭观念的 clothes conscious 注重衣着的 stairs conscious 注重地位的 aware
;conscious
的
反
义
词
直
接
加
un-----unaware ;unconscious subconscious 下意识的
consciousness n.意识、知觉、个人思想 routine
n.常规,惯例
routine=the regular fixed way of sth./doing things follow the routine 墨守成规 break the routine 打破常规
start the daily routine 开始每天的日常生活 shrewd
adj.精明的,狡猾的,敏锐的,机灵的
shrewd=showing good practical judgement He is a shrewd observer.
We have got shrewd common sense.
Sb. is shrewd. = He has good judgement. shrewd brained 头脑机灵的
shrewd headed 头脑机灵的 shrewd looking 看起来机灵的 shrewd a.精明的
cunning :clever at deceiving 善于欺骗的 sly 用更隐秘的办法来达到目的 强于 cunning a sly old fox 非常狡猾的老狐狸
intensely adj.强烈地
intense adj.=very strong ;violent; extreme ;sharp ; central intense cold 严寒
intense heat 酷暑
intense discussion 激烈的讨论 intensify vt.使……增强
You must intensify your sense of responsibility.你必须加强责任感。
intensity n.强烈、剧烈、强度
Losing jobs are growing in intensity.失业这种现象是越来越严重了。
reprimand v.正式地、严厉地斥责 reprimand :scold officially and severely blame 责备（语气程序很弱） blame sb. for sth.
The teacher blamed him for his coming late. scold 斥责（语气稍重一点）
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Don't scold me for such a trifle. 不要因为这样的小事责备我。 reproach 斥责
He often reproached his children.
reprimand v./n. 严厉斥责；谴责 (语气最强) The boss reprimanded his employees severely.
apologetic a.道歉的
He was apologetic. 他致以歉意。 apologize v.道歉 apologize to sb.
He apologized to his boss.
The boss apologized to his employees. apology n.歉意 make apology to sb. for sth. stage v.暗中策划 He staged a joke.
elaborate adj.精心构思的 elaborate =carefully worked out an elaborate design
精心的设计 elaborate vt. 精心设计构思 He elaborated a system of computer.
Text 课文
True eccentrics never deliberately set out to draw attention to themselves.
真正古怪的人从不有意引人注意。 deliberately: on purpose
set out to do=set about doing=start doing/to do sth. draw/capture/attract/hold/catch/arrest/receive 吸引对...的注意
They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary.
他们不顾社会习俗，意识不到自己所作所为有什么特殊之处。 He made a mistake without being conscious of the fact.
This invariably wins them the love and respect of others, for
they add colour to the dull routine of everyday life.
他们总能赢得别人的喜爱与尊敬，因为他们给平淡单一的日常生活增添了色彩。 invariably:=always
win them the love and respect of others --- win sb sth
attention to
Her fine character quickly won her the friendship of her colleagues.
add colour to 为增添......色彩 Eccentric add colour to our dull life.
希望背诵第一段
Up to the time of his death, Richard Colson was one of the most notable
figures in our town.
理查德.科尔森生前是我们镇上最有名望的人之一。 up to the time of his death: before he died 完成时的标志，这里之所以没有用现在或过去完成 时，主要是突出一个客观事实 notable: famous
He was a shrewd and wealthy businessman, but most people in the
town hardly knew anything about this side of his life. 他是个精明能干、有钱的商人，但镇上大部分人对他生活中的这一个方面几乎一无所知。
this side of his life 生活中的这一个方面：指他的精明能干、有钱
He was known to us all as Dickie and his eccentricity had become legendary long before he died.
大家都管他叫迪基。早在他去世前很久，他的古怪行为就成了传奇故事了。
be known to sb. 众所周知
long before he died 在他去世前很久
Dickie disliked snobs intensely. 迪基痛恨势利小人。
intensely: violently,strongly, very much
Though he owed a large car, he hardly ever used it, prefering always to go on foot.
尽管他有一辆豪华小轿车，但却很少使用，常常喜欢以步代车。
prefering 现在分词做伴随状语 hardly: rarely
One day, he walked into an expensive shop after having been caught in a particularly heavy
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shower.
一天，他遇上一场瓢泼大雨，淋得透湿。 be caught in 突然遇到，突然碰上 be caught in a heavy shower 遇到瓢泼大雨 be caught in a heavy snow 遇到大雪 be caught in a heavy storm 遇到风暴
He wanted to buy a $300 watch for his wife, but he was in such a bedraggled condition than
an assistant refused to serve him.
他走进一家高级商店，要为妻子买一块价值 300 英镑的手表。但店员见他浑身泥水的样子， 竟不肯接待他。 in such a condition/state 处于一种状态 bedraggled condition 拖泥带水的状态 such...that.. 如此...以至于...
The assistant asked him to leave, but Dickie paid no attention
to him and requested to see the manager.
店员让迪基走开，他置之不理，并要求见经理。
pay no attention to him= ignore him=take no notice of him=turn a deaf ear
to him= refuse to listen to him
request 求见（正式，礼貌，语气强烈） I requested the headmaster.
Every student can request assistance of their teacher. demand 在语气上还要强烈，并且不愿意接受否定的回答 I demand my rights. 我要求我的权利。 ask 口头或写信要求得到某物
I asked to get the book. He asked me for help.
Recognizing who the customer was, the manager was most apologetic and reprimanded the assistant severely.
经理认出了这位顾客，表示了深深的歉意，还严厉地训斥了店员。
recognizing 现在分词做原因状语 most=very much
When Dickie was given the watch, he presented the assistant with the cloth bag.
店员为迪基拿出了那块手表，迪基把布口袋递给他。 hand sb sth /hand sth to sb 把某物递给某人
present sb with sth / present sth to sb 把某物交给某人(比较正式)
He insisted on the assistant's counting the money before he left -- 30,000 pennies in all!
他坚持要店员点清那些硬币后他才离去。这些硬币加在一起共有 30,000 枚！
insist on doing/insist that + should do 坚决要求
He insisted that the shop assistant should count the money before he left.
This exhibition received a great deal of attention in the press,
for though the pictures were
supposed to be the work of famous artists, they had in fact been painted by Dickie.
这次展览引起报界广泛注意，因为这些画名义上是名家的作品，事实上是迪基自己画的。 receive an attention 引起注意
receive a great deal of attention in the press 引起报界的广泛注意
suppose to do
It took him four years to stage this elaborate joke simply to prove that
critics do not always
know what they are talking about.
他花了 4 年时间策划这出精心设计的闹剧，只是想证明评论家们有时并不解他们所谈论的事 情。 simply to prove=only to prove
don't always know what they are taking about= don't always talk sense=
always talk nonsense talk nonsense 胡说八道 talk sense 说正经话
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1.正确答案：B
go to such lenghths 竭尽全力 2.正确答案：B 3.正确答案：D 4.正确答案：B
be quite unaware of the fact that... that 引导同位语
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从句,在非正式用法中 of the fact 可省略 5.正确答案：B
much 多用在疑问句或否定句中，而肯定句中多用 a lot;a great deal
He knows a lot about it.
He doesn't know much about it. Does he know much about it? 6.正确答案：A 7.正确答案：A 8.正确答案：A 9.正确答案：D 10.正确答案：D 11.正确答案：C 12.正确答案：D talk nonsense 胡说八道 talk sense 说正经话
Lesson 32 A Lost Ship 沉船之谜
New words and expression 生词和短语 salvage
n. 营救，救助，打捞
salvage goods from fire 从火中抢救货物 salvage the patient 拯救病人 salvage your time 节省时间
salvage archaeology/boat/ money 抢救性的考古/营救船/救助的钱
cargo n.货物
cargo : the goods carried by ship, plane or vehicle （通常用于船运）
The ship has a cargo of 1000 tons. cargo vessel 货船
goods: the goods carried by plane or train 也可以做形容词。做形容词时只表示铁路运输。常 指商店里的商品。 a goods train 货物列车
Trains are used to carry goods and passengers. 火车是用来运送货物和旅客的。
scour vt.彻底搜查 scour : go through
The house has been searched/scoured for the hidden bullions.为了找到被藏起来的金条，整个房 子都被彻底找过了。
search 指寻找丢失的东西或被认为是存在的东西 比 look for 更正式
I have been searching everywhere but I can’t find the key. hunt 指漫无边际的寻找急需的东西 We spent a week hunting for the puma.
scour 表示彻底的搜查一个特定的范围 并暗示花费更大的力气 They scour the woods for the child.
三个词的共同特点：search/scour/hunt 都可以+ for 表示目的
chest n.箱子
chest: a large strong box in which valuable objects are kept case（总称）/ suitcase 车尾箱）/ dustbin(垃圾箱) find n.. : sth good or valuable
The little restaurant is quite a find. The garden is a good find
piece v. 拼成整体 piece n. : part
a piece of cake / a piece of news
v. : put parts together to form a whole piece together 拼凑
They piece the log book together. 他们把航海日记拼凑在一起
Piece up : 修补，拼合
Please piece up the dress. 请把裙子缝补一下 Piece a quilt. 拼缝一下被子 convoy
n. 护航
in a convoy 护航 under a convoy 被护航
submarine n. 潜水艇 关于 sub 前缀的用法：
1．表示下 如：subway（地铁） /substructure（下层建筑）/subsoil（下层土）/ subnormal （低于正常的）
2．表示次、准、亚 如：subtropics（亚热带） / sub college（准大学）/ sub continent（ 次 ）
3．表示副、分支、下级、下属 如： subeditor（副编辑） / subagent（副代理人） /subhead （副标题）/ sub office（分办事处）
4．表示接近的 如：subadult（接近成年的）/ sub teen (13 以下) / subequal（接近相等的， 约等于）
5．表示再 如：subdivide（再分）/ sublet（转租）/subculture（再培养） naval n. 海军的 naval port 军港
naval power 制海权 navy n. 海军 voyage 航行
navigation n. 航海术 navigate
Text 课文
The salvage operation had been a complete failure. 打捞工作彻底的失败了。 请背熟上面这个句子 My examination is a complete failure. Their experiment had been a complete failure.
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v. 航海，航行
n. 海上
(手提相) / safe（保险箱）/ trunk（汽
The small ship, Elkor, which had been searching the Barents Sea
for weeks, was on its way home.
这艘小船爱尔克号在巴伦支海上搜索已经好几个星期了，现在正在返回途中。 定语从句。Which 指代 the small ship, Elkor
A radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship’s captain instructing him to give up the search..
=The captain had received a radio message from the mainland
instructing him to give up the search.。
船长收到了从上发来的电报，指示他放弃搜索。 背熟这句话。在这句话中，instructing 进一步说明 a radio message 的内容。
instruct sb. to do sth. 指示命令某人做某事（在第五课已经学过） the editor sent a fax to the
journalist instructing him to get statistics. 这位编辑给这位记者发了一份传真，指示他马上开始获取数据。
The captain knew what another attempt would be made later, for the sunken ship he was trying to
find had been carrying a precious cargo of gold bullion. make (another) attempt 再一次尝试 船长知道，今后还会另作一次尝试，因为他在设法寻找的那艘沉船装载了贵重的金砖。
Despite the message, the captain of the Elkor decided to try once more.
尽管有那份电报，但爱尔克号船长决定再试一次。 dispite = in spite of
try once more 代替 make another attempt 为了避免重复
The seabed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous
excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom.
他们用了又大又结实的渔网在海底拖。当一只大箱子从海底被打捞上来时，船上的人兴奋 极了。
Searching the seabed need a lot of time and energy. 所以我们用的动词是 scour，语气要比 seach 强烈。
重点掌握 there was tremendous excitement
在正式的书面语中，我们常用 there is tremendous excitement 这个结构。但是在口语中，我 们还是直接采用形容词 excited.
People on board felt excited.
There was tremendous excitement before the game.
Though the crew were at first under the impression that the lost ship had
been found, the contents
of the sea-chest proved them wrong.
虽然，开始时船员们以为沉船已经被找到，但是从海底捞起的箱子里的东西证明他们错了， under the impression = thinking that 认为
I’m under the impression that he is the manager of the store. He is under
the impression that you’ll help him.
What they had in fact found was a ship which had been sunk many years before.
实际上，他们所找到的是艘多年前的沉船。 由 what 引导的主语从句。
注意课文中出现的两个形容词 sunk 和 sunken。
做定语只用 sunken. 而过去分词的普通用法, 既可以用 sunk 也可以用 sunken,一般来讲用 sunk.
The ship had sunk. a sunken ship
The chest contained the personal belongings of a seaman, Alan Fielding.
箱子里装着一个 Alan Fielding 海员的私人物品。 personal belongings 个人所属物品
There were books, clothing and photographs, tighter with letters,
which the seaman had once received from his wife.
有书、衣物和照片，同时还有他妻子写给他的信件。 together with themselves.
The captain of the Elkor ordered his men to salvage as much as possible from the wreck.
爱尔克号船长命令船员尽可能从沉船里多打捞些东西上来。 salvage as much as possible = salvage as much as they could
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还有
He together with his classmate went to the zoo and they enjoyed
Nothing of value was found, but the numerous items which were brought to the surface.
虽然没有找到什么值钱的东西，但是被打捞上来的一些物件倒是颇为有趣的。 nothing of value = valuble
Very much interesting = of great interest 极有意思的 Of great importance = of great significance 非常重要的 of no consequence = of no importance 无足轻重的 of no interest
In another sea-chest, which contained the belongings of a ship’s officer, there was an
unfinished letter which had been written on March 14th,1943. 在另一只箱子有装着一位海军军官的东西。有一封 1943 年 3 月 4 日未写完的信件。 本句的主干是In another sea-chest,
there was an unfinished letter which had been written on March 14th,1943.
Which（指代 chest ）contained the belongings of a ship’s officer = there were
the belongings of ship officer in the chest
The captain learnt from the letter that the name of the lost ship was the Karen.
船长从这封信中知道这艘船叫卡伦号。 learn form 从……得知
The most valuable find of all was the ship’s log book, parts of which
it（形式主语）was still possible to read.
在所有打捞上来的东西中最有价值的是这艘沉船的航海日志。某些部分仍然能看清楚。
Which 在句中指代 log book，而 it 是形式主语，句子可以变成 parts of the log book it was still
possible to read.进而变成 it was still possible to read parts of the log book.
From this the captain was able to piece tighter all the
没有意思
numerous = countless
information that had come to light.
船长可以把自己掌握的资料综合起来。
that had come to light.做定语从句修饰 information
Come to light = become known = emerge 被公开，被发现（不及物动词短语，要用主动语态） The secret came to light after his death. bring sth. to light = review 把……公布于众 The two brothers review the secret. The two brothers brought the secret to light.
The Karen had been sailing in a convoy to Russia when she was torpedoed by an enemy submarine.
卡伦号是在执行去苏联的护航任务中，遇到敌人潜艇的鱼雷袭击。 in a convoy 护航 under a convey 被护航
This was later confirmed by a naval official at the ministry of
defense after the Elkor had returned home.
爱克号回去以后，国防部的一位海军证实了这一点。 confirmed = made sure
this 指代“The Karen had been sailing in a convoy to Russia when she was
torpedoed by an enemy submarine.”
最好背诵第一段和牢记熟练运用第二三两自然段的重点固定句式结构。
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1． 正确答案：A 2． 正确答案：B 3． 正确答案：A 4． 正确答案：C 5． 正确答案：B 6． 正确答案：D 10．正确答案：B
together with = along with 表示还有 added to 表示被加上 7． 正确答案：C 8． 正确答案：C 9． 正确答案：D
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in the letter 在信中
in the radio message 在电报中 in the fax 在传真中
including 表示包含、包括。它强调一个整体包含若干个部分，而这里是表示还有什么。 11．正确答案：C inscribe 刻画 mark 做标记 12．正确答案：A come to light = emerge
arisen 是 arise 的过去分词形式，是个不及物动词，表示产生、出现 surface
露出水面
alight 要与介词 on 连用，表示偶然发现 My eyes alighted on the book.
Lesson 33 A day to remember 难忘的一天
New words and expression 生词和短语 prelude
n. 序幕，前奏
prelude 与介词 to 搭配表示“……的前奏” a prelude to serious trouble 麻烦事的前奏 introduction
n. 导言，绪论 （连 to） introduction to the book preface n. 序，前言
unforeseen a. 意料之外的 foresee
v. 预见，预知
foresee = see before hand / in advance
I foresee a bright future for you. foreseeable a. 可预见的 foreseeing a.
预料之中的 unforeseeing foretell
a. 意料之外的
v. （普通用词）预言（主语可用人和物） predict
（连 to）
foreword n. 序 （连 to）
v. 预言，预示（语气比 foretell 强 主语是人） He
v. 预测，预报
predicts that it would happen in ten years. forecast series
n. 系列
series 单复数同行 常见搭配 a series of
We’ve got a series of good harvest. 我们取得了一连串的大Timely snow foretells bumper harvest. 瑞雪兆丰年。
丰收。
chain n. 连串 连锁
a chain of 一系列 a chain of reaction a series of reaction chain store 连锁店 chain reaction chain smoker
连锁反应 吸烟很严重的人
devour v. 狼吞虎咽地吃 有三种意思：
狼吞虎咽
1. eat like an animal
The dog devours the cake. 2. destroy 吞灭，席卷
The flame devours the whole building. 火把整幢楼都吞没了 3. take in eagerly with eyes, ears, or mind 贪婪地看、听 His eyes devoured the scene. 他两眼贪婪的看着这美丽的风
Text 课文 建议背出全文
We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong . 我们都曾经历过诸事不利的日子。 when 引导的定语从句修饰 days
Every dog has its day. 每个人都有飞黄腾达的日子。
A day may begin well enough, but suddenly everything seems to get out of control.
有时一天开始时可能还算顺利，但是突然间一切似乎都不可收拾了。
get out of control = uncontrollable = beyond control 失控 everything seems to get out of control = everything seems to be uncontrollable / beyond control
What invariably happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely the same moment.
事情总是这样发生的：很多事情偏偏在同一时间出乱子。 由 what 引导的主语从句。 invariably = always
What happened yesterday was that he couldn’t deal with the hot potato.
昨天发生的事就是他没 能应付这个棘手的人。 precisely = exactly
It is as if a single unimportant event set up a chain of reactions. 似乎一件小事情就会导致一连串的连锁反应。 a chain of reactions = a series of reactions it is as if
似乎看起来
似乎看起来 引起，导致，造成
it seems as if 似乎看起来 it looks as if set up = cause 25
succession 侧重指时间的顺序，强调时间的连续没有间隔开 a succession of failures 一系列的失败
We’ve got a succession of successes. 我们取得了一次又一次的成功。
string 连续不断相似的事件 a string of cars 一连串的汽车 train 一个接一个发生的事
a train of thoughts /ideas 一个个的想法
catastrophe
n.. 大祸，灾难 这个词强调严重，波及
范围广的灾难 worldwide ~ 世界范围的灾难 national ~ 波及全国的灾难 disaster
n. 灾难，不幸 （比 catastrophe 弱的多说明灾
难，不幸的程度是可以忽略的） calamity
n.灾害，不幸事件（指令人痛心的，个人或社会的损失，往往指产生持久的广泛 忧伤痛苦） nature calamity 自然灾害
panic n. 惊慌，恐慌
panic = uncontrollable quickly spreading fear or terror get into a panic 陷入惊慌之中
He suddenly got into a panic and stopped his car. be seized/struck with panic 惊慌失措
He was seized with panic. 他突然地感到惊慌失措。 terror 惊恐
stray a. 迷失的 = lost
vi. 迷失（通常与介词 form 连用） The dog strayed from home.
confusion n. 混乱
confusion = condition out of order in order
秩序井然
混乱
out order
n. 惊骇 horror n. 恐惧 fright n. 害怕 alarm n.
in confusion 乱七八糟
fall into confusion 陷入混乱状态 be covered with confusion 局促不安 throw sb. into confusion
使某人惊慌失措
What set up the accident / trouble? set up（= create）
创立，建立
set up a world record 创立一个世界记录
The unimportant event is the prelude to trouble. 不重要的事情是麻烦事的前奏。
Let us suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye on the baby at the same time.
让我们假定你正在烧饭，同时又照看着孩子。 keep an eye on the baby
照料孩子
keep an eye on = look after = take care of Please keep an eye on my house while I am out. keep one’s eyes open
睁大眼睛
When I am out, please keep your eyes open.
have an eye to （如果用动词 have 就一定要跟介词 to 搭配）
keep an eye to the baby = keep one’s eyes on the baby eye for eye 以牙还牙 have eyes only for look sb. in the eyes eye to eye with sb. 一致。
turn a blind eye to sth. 对……视而不见 He even turns a blind eye to me. make eyes at sb. 含情脉脉地看着某人 The boy is making eyes at his girlfriend.
While you are on the phone, the baby pulls the table-cloth off the table, smashing half your
best crockery and cutting himself in the process.
当你在接电话时，小孩把台布拉了下来，把最好的陶器打碎了一半，同时手又被割破了。 on the phone = answer the phone
注意与介词 off 搭配的动词词组的意思： pull off 来
smash half 摔成两半
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拉下来
pick off
取下来
knock off 碰落下
只要，只爱 两眼直视某人 与某人看法完全一致
I have eyes only for you.
Don’t look me in the eyes. 不要直直地盯着我看。 I invariably eye to eye with my sister. 我总是与我的姐姐看法
in the process
在这个过程中
You hang up hurriedly and attend to baby, crockery, etc. 你连忙挂上电话，去照顾孩子，收拾陶器等等。 hang up = put on the receiver 挂断电话 attend to = look after = deal with 照顾，处理 Please attend to my baby. 请照料我的孩子。
Excuse me, I have something urgent to attend to. 请原谅，我有一件急事要处理。
As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives, unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner.
似乎这一切还不足以使你气恼得流泪，你丈夫回来了，出乎意料地带着三个客人来吃饭。 重点句型。这是个虚拟语气。 reduce you to tears
迫使你流下眼泪
You almost reduce me to tears. 你快要让我流下眼泪来了。 His comforting words almost
reduced his wife to tears. 他安慰的话语让他的妻子几乎掉下了眼泪。
His answer almost reduced me to silence. 他的回答几乎让我沉默了。
The bomb reduced to the city to ruins. 这枚将这个城市化为废墟。
We can draw a conclusion :
Everything seems to get out of control suddenly and a great number of
things choose to go wrong at precisely at the moment.
Troubles never come single. 祸不单行。
Things can go wrong on a big scale as a number of people recently
discovered in Parramatta, a suburb of Sydney.
正如许多人最近在悉尼郊区的帕兰马塔见到的那样，搞糟的时期功能可能规模很大。
on a big scale = to a great degree = to great extent as 引导非限定性定语从句 as we know As we know, do in the
众所周知 the earth is round.
As Brane pointed out, giving up smoking is the easiest thing to
world.
As the headmaster mentioned, one is never too old to learn.正如这位校长所提及的，活到老，学 到老。
as，which 都可以引导非限定性定语从句。但 as 重点突出整个句子的含义 ，而 which 有可
能指代主句当中某个词的含义，也有可能指代整个句子的含义。
As 引导非限定性定语从句，可以用于主句之前，as 和主句之间要有一个逗号分隔开来。
As we expected, John was admitted to the university. 正如我们所预料的，John 被这所大学入取 了。
As 引导非限定性定语从句，也可以用在主句之后，这时就相当于 which
She married him, which was unexpected. She married him as was unexpected.
但是在 as 所引导的非限定性定语从句中，如果运用的是被动语态结构，被动词可以省略。
She married him as unexpected. （was 省略）
The material is elastic as shown in the figure. 如图显示，这种材料是富有弹性的。
在这种情况下，shown 之前省略了谓语动词，这时就不能把 as 换成 which . 如果要用 which 则要补上谓语动词。 The material is elastic, which is shown in the figure.
During the rush hour one evening two cars collided and both drivers began to argue.
一天晚上，车辆最拥挤的时候，两辆车相撞了。两位开车人争论起来。
during the rush hour 上下班的高峰期
The woman immediately behind the two cars happened to be a learner.
原句 = it happened that the woman behind the two cars was a learner.
紧跟在两辆车后的那位女士又碰巧是个初学开车的人（实习司机）。 happen to 恰巧
I happen to hear the news . 我恰巧听说了这个消息。 It happened that I heard about it the day before yesterday. 很凑巧，我是昨天听说这个事的。
This made the driver following her brake hard. 这使得她后面的司机紧急刹车。
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Following 现在分词作定语修饰 driver
As she was thrown forward, the cake went right through the
windscreen and landed on the road.
当她由于惯性向前一冲的时候，蛋糕被甩出了挡风玻璃，落到马路上。
副词 right 作状语，相当于 straight
Seeing a cake flying through the air, a lorry-driver who was
drawing up alongside the car, pulled up all of a sudden.
一个货车司机正在超车上来，看到一块蛋糕从空中掠过，于是他把车刹住。 draw up = pull up
The lorry was loaded with empty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the
vehicle and on to the road.
这辆货车满载着空啤酒瓶，几百只瓶子从车子后面滑到了地上。
was loaded with = was filled with vehicle 这里指的是 truck，lorry
This led to yet another angry argument. 这又导致了另外一次激烈的争吵。 lead to = cause 导致
Meanwhile, the traffic piled up behind. 同时后面的车辆全停下了，堵塞了交通。
meanwhile = at the same time = at the same moment = in the meantime 与此同时
Tt took the police nearly an hour to get the traffic on the move again.
花了近一个小时才使交通重新通畅。 get the traffic on the move 使得车辆开动起来 on the move = move from place to place on 和名词搭配表示处于某种状 态或者某种动作正在进行之中） on the rise 正在上升
在移动之中（介词
停车
all of sudden = suddenly
on the boil 正在沸腾 on the go 正在忙碌中 on the watch
正在监视中
on the turn 正在转变中 on the run 正在逃跑中 on the fly 正在飞行中 on the increase 正在增加 on the decrease 正在减少
Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for they
greedily devoured what was left of the cake.
只有两条野狗从一片混乱中得到好处，因为他们贪婪地吞噬了剩下的蛋糕。 benefit from
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1． 正确答案：C 2． 正确答案：B 省略 as 的虚拟条件句
As there had been a more experienced driver behind the two cars.
假如在这两辆车后面是一位 有经验的司机 3． 正确答案：A 4． 正确答案：B
that is…是定语从句修饰 event a single unimportant event that is of no importance 是修饰 event，而 set up 是整个句子的谓语部分 5． 正确答案：D
典型的现在分词做状语。为了使现在分词做状语比较明确，可以在现在分词前面加上 while 6． 正确答案：A 7． 正确答案：A
如果介词短语提前到句子前面，那么句子必须采用倒装形式 8． 正确答案：C spending (time) doing sth. 9． 正确答案：C
and 连接的前后两个词相呼应 10．正确答案：B
get into a panic 陷入慌乱之中 in panic in terror in fear
在恐慌（惧）中 在恐慌（惧）中 在恐慌（惧）中
从……得益
You can benefit a lot from your reading.
11．正确答案：A slid over it. slip off
12．正确答案：D 剩余的蛋糕
remain 表示所剩余的部分，除此以外也表示遗体，遗址。 C 选项 leftover 通常采用复数形式 leftovers，表示吃剩的东西。
The leftovers of the meal were fed to the dog.
Lesson 34 A happy discovery 幸运的发现
New words and expression 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用 学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里 antique
fascination n.
魅力，迷惑力
= the power of fascinating 常与 for/over/on 连用 have fascination for sb 固定句势结构 --Cats have unfailing fascination for most people. --Chinese Art has great fascination for me.
fascinate: attract or interest very strongly 使着迷，常用被动形式
--Cats never fail to fascinate human being. --English never fail to fascinate students. fascinated by / with sth --He is fascinated with chess.
--The students were fascinated by his idea. Charm 比 fascinate 语气要弱 --The beautiful picture charms me. --I am charmed by the beautiful picture. Captivate 迷惑，使着迷 --His idea captivated me.
Enchant 使迷惑，用魔法迷惑，使心醉，使喜悦 be enchanted by / be enchanted with
--She was enchanted by the flower you sent her.
Fascinate / charm / captivate / enchant 后接加 ing 变成形容词
Fascinating / charming / captivating / enchanting --She is a charming girl. --Cats are fascinating animals. 28
n.
古董，古玩 滑落
躲过 He slid over the question without answering
in horror 在恐慌（惧）中
--The flowers are enchanting. Winning 吸引人的，主要指物品 --The beautiful dresses is winning.
Forbidding adj. 望而生畏的，望而却步的 =having a unfriendly or danger look. --He has got a forbidding appearance. --We’d better not visit the forbidding coast. Forbid 不允许 Forbid sb to do sth
--The father forbad his children to touch the clavichord. Forbid doing sth
--Smoking is forbidden here. The Forbidden City Forbidden fruit 禁果 Forbidden zone 禁区 Forbid / prohibit / interdict Forbid : 或私人下令以禁止 --Swimming is forbidden here. Prohibit: 法律条文或官方明令禁止
--The law prohibits young people under 18 from going to bar. Interdict: 法律或教会所不允许 Muster
v.
鼓起
Collect / summon
Muster up / Collect up / summon up = gather / pluck up / keep up
Pretentious
Assorted adj. 各式各样的 =various types mixed together assorted / different / various
different : 强调此事物与彼事物完全不同 --The word glare is different from that word slare. Various : 各种各样的 all kinds of --We have got various books.
In every part / all parts / various parts of the world 在世界各地
Assorted : various types mixed together --Assorted chocolates 什锦巧克力 --He bought a bag of assorted fruit. Diverse
强调性质不同
--We have got diverse opinion.
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强调种类不同
adj. 自命不凡的，矫饰的
--We won’t like to visit the pretentious shop.
鼓起，振奋
--He mustered up his courage and walked up to the girl.
紫
禁
城
junk n. dealer dealer cherish
v.
期望，渴望
=entertain or keep hope , love etc. in mind deeply --she cherishes the hope that her son will return. --Don’t cherish such illusion.
--Don’t cherish the illusion that your father will always pay your debts. Amply Ample Enough
adv. 足够地 充足而有余的 数量，程度足够
侧重于零售，相当于 tradesman
peddler 小贩
v.
商人
businessman / trader / merchant / tradesman
破烂货，废品
rubbish / garbage / trash / junk
Ample / enough
--The bread is just enough for one meal. --He is old enough to go to the party. Sufficient 只放在名词前 Enough
可放在名词前或后
--We have sufficient food to last one week.
--We have enough food / food enough to last one week. Sufficiently 只放在被修饰词前 Old enough / sufficiently old Adequate 数量和质量上的满足 --The performance is adequate.
--Don’t be worried .They have gotten ample time. Ample / adequate / sufficient / enough
--Whatever you do, you must put your heart into it. And
then,someday you will be rewarded amply.
Masterpiece v. dagger
Text 课文
n.
杰作 mere adj. 仅仅的 prise
镌刻
adj. 小巧的，小
构图
撬开 carve
v.
n.
n. 短剑，匕首 miniature
型的 composition
Antique shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many people.
古玩店对许多人来说有一种特殊的魅力。
Exert a peculiar fascination on sb 对某人有一种特殊的魅力 Antique shops appeal to a great many people. 古玩店很吸引人。 Shoe shops exert a
peculiar fascination on a great many ladies. 鞋店对于很多女士来讲，具有一种很特殊的魅力。
The more expensive kind of antique shop where rare objects are beautifully displayed in
glass cases to keep them free from dust is usually a forbidding place. 首先抓主干：
The more expensive kind of antique shop is usually a forbidding place.
高档一点的古玩店往往是令人望而却步的地方。 Where 引导的定语从句修饰 antique shop Rare objects
文物，稀有珍品 可以用 Rarity 来代替。
（29 课）
Keep sb or sth free from
人们还常常有希望在发霉、阴暗、杂乱无章、迷宫般的店堂里，从杂乱地摆放在地面上的、
一堆堆各式各样的破烂货里找到一件稀世珍品。 There is always hope that …… We cherish the hope that …… You must cherish the hope that one day you will be amply rewarded.
Pieces of paper litter the floor. / The floor is littered with pieces of paper.
地面上到处都是纸。
No one discovers a rarity by chance. By chance / by accident 偶然地，偶尔地
A truly dedicated bargain hunter must have patience, and above all, the
ability to recognize
the worth of something when he sees it. Dedicated / concentrated A truly dedicated person. --He is a truly dedicated scholar. --He is a truly dedicated English learner.
Above all : most important of all 最重要的是。承上启下。用来加强语气。
The ability to do something
To do this, he must be at least as knowledgeable as the dealer. To do this : in order to discover a rarity
Like a scientist bent on making a discovery, he must cherish the hope that one day he will be amply rewarded.
Bent on / bent upon 决心于。 形容词短语做定语修饰 scientist
--He is bent on winning the game. --He is bent on becoming a bridge player.
Be bent on doing sth / be determined on doing sth / be devoted to / be engaged in
He has often described to me how he picked up a masterpiece for a mere $50. For 花费 A mere : only 30
You can’t keep yourselves free from anxieties like tramps. 你是不能够像约翰一样不受烦恼的侵扰的。
We put our books in bookcase to keep them free from dust. 我们把书放进书柜目的不落上灰尘。
But no one has to muster up courage to enter a less pretentious antique shop.
The forbidding antique shop is pretentious. 二三两句包含强烈明显的对比。
The more expensive kind of clothing shop is usually a forbidding place. But
no one has to muster up courage to enter a less pretentious clothing shop.
一种高档的服装店往往是令人望而却步的，但是当我们走进一家普普通通的不是矫揉造作的 普通商店的时候却不必鼓足勇气。
There is always hope that in its labyrinth of musty, dark, disordered rooms a real rarity will
be found amongst the piles of assorted junk that little the floors.
He found a great deal to interest him. He found a lot of interesting things. 要会背这两个句型。
The morning passed rapidly and Frank was about to leave when he noticed a large packing case lying on the floor. Be about to do sth
Be about to when ( at the moment )…….表示正要或刚要干什么，突然
--I was about to leave when the telephone rang. --He was about to lock door when his friend visited him.
The morning passed rapidly and Frank just come in, but that he
could not be bothered to open it.
Bother : trouble 打扰
--Don’t bother / trouble to come here tomorrow.
--I would not like to be bothered / troubled by you every day. Disturb 语气更为强烈，又指心烦意乱的心理状态，有时也指严重的精神错乱。
--The news has disturbed me very much.
--It is disturbing to think that a wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside . Disturbing / disturbed
Trouble 在含义上介于 disturb / bother 之间
Apart from an interesting-looking carved dagger, the box was full of
crockery, much of it broken. Apart from 除……之外，还有 =In addition to =Except
--Apart from a slight headache , I feel all right now.
the box was full of crockery, and much of it broken. 主格结构
Dish is done , he begged his wife not to sweep the floor. --She ran into the room , her face covered with tears. --He lay in bed , his face exposed.
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Frank gently lifted the crockery out of the box an suddenly
noticed a miniature painting at the bottom of the packing case.
At the bottom of 在底部 At the top of
Frank could hardly conceal his excitement, for he knew that he had made a
real discovery. Conceal one’s excitement Make a real discovery 做出发现
The tiny painting proved to be an unknown masterpiece by Correggio and was
worth hundreds of thousands of pounds. hundreds of thousands of
短语 （文中有解释）
For a mere &50 In my neighbourhood
He found a great deal to interest him Was about to do when
The dealer told him that it had just come in , but that he could not be
bothered to open it Prised it open Apart from
Much of it broken At the bottom of Reminded sb of sth For he knew that he had made a real discovery Was worth hundreds of thousands of pounds
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1… 正确答案：B
display the kind of perseverance (展现出坚韧不拔的毅力) 过去分词做定语修饰 perseverance do
2… 正确答案：B happen to be : 恰巧 3… 答案正确：C 4… 答案正确：B to keep them free from dust
perseverance needed to
几十万
掩饰激动心情
在顶部
which 引导定语从句，限定 glass cases 5… 答案正确：D
ordinary =>less pretentious it is not necessary 6… 答案正确： the ability
be able to do = have the ability to do be capable of + 动名词 7… 答案正确：A
he had never been there before…… never having been there before the first time to do sth 要去做某事 8… 答案正确：D cost 的响应形式 9… 答案正确：C
in my neighbourhood = near my home 10… 答案正确：B
just … when …: 刚…就…;正在…突然 11… 答案正确：A nail down : 用钉子钉住 rope : 用绳子拴住，捆住
12… 答案正确：C glancing at it briefly … give sth. A brief glance peer : 眯着眼睛看 重点习题：2 .7. 10
Changtong 编与 2004-3-3
Lesson 35 Justice was done 伸张正义
New words and expression 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用 学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里 justice
n.
正义，公正；司法
--Justice is done. 正义得到伸张。
bring justice to the criminal. 把罪犯缉拿归案。 do justice to sb. 公正对待某人。 do oneself justice.
公正对待自己。
give oneself up to justice. 自首 in justice to : 为了对…公正起见 the ministry of justice 司法部 injustice
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不公平，不公正
law n.法律
take law into one’s own hand : 无法无天 take the law of sb : at law : 在诉讼中 within the law :
有法可依
adv 没有法律的
合法
律师 lawful :
outside the law : 不合法 lawyer : lawfully lawless:
innocence n 无辜 innocent a.无辜的
undertake v.承担，着手做 undertake to do
--He undertook to inform everyone concerned. --We undertake a investigation. 承担，着手做： start to do sth
take off doing sth be engaged in sth set out to do set about doing carry on doing
perform sth . …… on the way arduous
a.艰苦的，艰难的
--Studying English is a arduous job. ous 结尾的形容词 industrious a 勤劳的
laborious a 劳神的，费力的，吃力的
strenuous a.费力的，精心的，须全力以付的，比 arduous 强烈的多，同时表示奋发的
mete out 给予，处置 mete out reward 进行奖励 mete out punishment 进行惩罚
--Justice was meted out to them. 他们得到了公正的处理。 accord
n/vi 一致
in accord with : 和……一致 out of accord with : 和……不一致 of one’s own accord : 自然而然地 --Justice is done of its own accord. according to : 依据，根据
控告
lawlessly adv
in accordance with : 依据（法律）
premises : n. 房屋
residence : 住处，居住地，非常正式的用词 dwelling : 供人居住的地方，也是非常正式的用词 house : 住房 housing : 房（总称）the housing problem 住房问题
disused : a.不再用的，废弃的 的 chip v.
砍，削，凿
chip a hole 凿了一个洞 chop : 砍 chop head 砍头
Text 课文
The word justice is usually associated with courts of law. be associated with = be connected with , be related to : 与…相联系
We might say that justice has been done when a man's innocence or guilt has been proved beyond doubt.
We might say that ：我们也许会说（重点框架）一种不太肯定的口气
--We might say that justice has been done. 我们也许会说正义得到了伸张。 beyond beyond doubt 无可怀疑
--He has been proved to be innocent beyond doubt. 他已经被证据确凿的证明无罪了。
beyond belief 难以相信 beyond words 难以形容 beyond description 难以描述 beyond
question 难以质疑 beyond hope 没有希望
beyond recovery 康复无望 beyond dispute 无可争议 beyond controversy 无可争辩 beyond imagination 难以想象 beyond measure 比 beyond one’s …超出某人的…
--Your beauty is beyond my description. 你的美是我无法用言词形容的。
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难以衡量
beyond understanding 难以理解 beyond comparison 无与伦
prep.(介词)：超出某种范围，限度，主要是和名词进行搭配
disused house 废弃的房子
misused : 弄错了的 used : 用过了的 second-hand : 二手
Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law. part of ：部分, 前面没有冠词
--Only part of his story is true. 他的话有一部分是真实的 parts of : 几部分，若干部分
--Parts of the log book were recognized. 航海日志的若干部分还是能被辨认出来的.
--Large parts of the house were destroyed in the fire.房屋的大部分在火灾中烧毁了。 无论是
part of 还是 parts of 后面都要带单数名词
Those who seek it, undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it.
那些追寻正义的人，可以说是踏上了一条漫长崎岖而且艰难的道路。
Judges, however wise or eminent, are human and can make mistakes.
法官无论如何聪明与有名，毕竟也是人，也会出差错的。 however = no matter how
There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract concept.
在个别情况下，正义不再是一种抽象概念。 There are rare instances when：在极个别的情况下。 --There are rare instances when women are not equal to men. 在极个别的情况下，女士和男士是不平等的。 cease: （正式）彻底的停止，暗指动作的突然性
--His heart suddenly ceased to beat. 他的心脏突然停止了跳动。 ceased to do 与动词不定式连用 stop:（广泛，不正式）不强调方式，只强调结果 --The car suddenly stopped. 车突然停了。
Reward or punishment are meted out quite independent of human interference.
奖惩的实施是不受人意志支配的 quite independent of human interference --形容词短语做定语，说明主句的状况。 He deserves it. / It serves him right. 罪有应得
At such times, justice acts like a living force.
在有的时候，正义像一种有生命的力量行使其职能。
At such times：在有的时候
When we use a phrase like 'it serves him right', we are, in part, admitting that a certain set
of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its own accord. 当我们说“他罪有应得”这句话的时候，我们部分承认了某种特定的环境使得正义自动地起 了作用。 把握句子主干：
we are , in part , admitting that enabled sb. to do
When a thief was caught on the premises of large jewellery store on morning, the shop
assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say
'it serves him right.'
一天上午，当一个小偷在一家大型珠宝店里被人抓住的时候，店员一定会忍不住说：“他罪 有应得。”
二三自然段衔接相当紧密，再次提到'it serves him right.' …found it impossible to resist the temptation to say…（双否）背诵
Towards midday, a girl heard a muffed cry coming from behind on of the walls.
快到中午的时候，一个女售货员听见从一堵墙里传出一种闷声闷气的叫声。
come from behind : 从后面
--He jumped from behind one of the trees. 他从树后跳了出来。
As the cry was repeated several times, she ran to tell the manager who promptly rang up the fire brigade.
由于这种喊叫声重复了几次，她跑去报告经理，经理当即给消防队挂了电话。
promptly=immediately 马上
They located the right chimney by tapping at the walls and listening for
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of its own accord 自然而然的
我们部分的承认了…
使什么能够做某事
the man's cries.
他们通过叫击烟囱倾叫声而确定传出声音的那个烟囱。 located the right chimney 确定那个烟囱
学习笔记
by tapping at the walls and listening for the man's cries and 连接前后形式相一致。
listen for : pay attention ,so as to be sure of hearing 表示集中注意力，等待听到某种声音
--We are listening for the clock to announce the New Year. 我们正等待新年钟声的敲响。 --I’m listening for your steps. 我正倾听着你的脚步声。
The sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged, admitted at once that he had tried to
break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in the chimney.
那个看来满脸沮丧、浑身漆黑的家伙从烟囱里一出来，就承认头天夜里他企图到店里行窍， 但让烟囱卡住了。 emerged：出现 = came out , appeared get stuck : 被卡住
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1… 正确答案：C take effect : 起作用 重要
2… 正确答案：B expect them to be of most help (背熟这种表达方式)
I expect you to be of most help
3… 正确答案：B 重点动词：ascertained 确定 4… 正确答案： However = no matter how 5… 正确答案：C 6… 正确答案：
be tempted to do 被诱引去做某事 7… 正确答案：C 主格结构做原因状语 8… 正确答案：C
介词 in 与动名词搭配，表示在什么的时候，在什么的过程当中。 在同他讲话当中，我发现他有点紧张 In speaking to him, I found him nervous.
While 确实可以引导从句，但是 while 引导从句，分词短语和介词短语，而不能跟动名词形 式搭配。在 while 引导的从句当中要出现的是延续性动词。 9… 正确答案：A
要背熟题干，相当
侧重听到了这个结果。 10… 正确答案：D 11… 正确答案：B 12… 正确答案：D
emerge (侧重于强调公布于众)：come to light 本文表示出来 come up : 意外发生 Changtong 编与 2004-3-4
Lesson 36 A Chance in a Million 百万之一的机会
New words and expression 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用 学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
credulous adj.轻信的 improbable obscure
presume v.假定
wickedly adv.心眼坏地，居心叵测地
plot v.密谋 downfall n.倒台，垮台 naive adj.天真的 unacceptable n.相似
scorn n.嘲弄，挖苦 acquaint 聚 assume v.假定，认为
credulous adj.轻信的 (多修饰人)
区分 credible:可信的,可靠的,多修饰事物 eg. The story he told us is credible. incredulous / incredible
反义词 believable 以已知事实为根据 eg. He demanded for believable explanation. (反)unbelievable
improbable adj.不大可能的 obscure town.
2)令人费解的 not clearly An obscure figure can be seen through the fog. 模糊不清的
通过大雾我们可以看到模糊不清的身影.
vague:多用于比喻意,指不明确说明而造成的模糊不清
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adj.
1)不起眼的，不出名的 eg. The bus stopped at an obscure little
v.使了解 reunite
v.使团
adj.不能接受的 conspire
v.(事件)巧合促成
incredible adj.难以置信的 resemblance
adj.不大可能的
adj.不起眼的 maidservant n.女仆，女佣
eg. what he said is vague.
maidservant n.妇女仆,女佣
presume v.假定 take sth. as true 经常用的表达方式 presume that
根据过去的经验或感觉作出推断
assume 与事实不相符合 eg. Let us assume that your words are fact.
suppose 最普通的用词猜想\\陈述自己的看法 I suppose that it was my fault.
wickedly adv.心眼坏地,居心叵测地
plot v.密谋 一人或多人秘密谋划伤害他人. eg. The criminals were plotting to rob the bank.
conspire 众多人合谋做重大的犯法勾当 犹指反叛 scheme 某人暗中设计狡诈的手段来谋求自己的私利 eg. The man is scheming for power.图谋夺权. 本文中 conspire 指事件巧合促成
eg. The weather and car trouble conspire to spoil our vacation.
downfall n.倒台,垮台
naive adj.天真的
unacceptable adj.不能接受的 conspire incredible
resemblance n.相似的 like ness
bear a strong resemblance to sb. or sth. have a close
resemblance to sb. or sth.
eg. The girl bears a strong resemblance to her sister. such a resemblance resemble
likeness 最普通的用语,比 resemblance 意味要强 resemblance 特别是指外观或外在性质的相似 similarity 性质\\物色\\程度的相似 similar to sth. sb.
scorn n.嘲弄,挖苦 短语
pour scorn on
pour contempt on pour ridicule on pour heap eg. He poured scorn on his wife's suggestion. look down upon 瞧不起，蔑视 辨析：
think scorn of contempt:蔑视,强烈谴责某人或某事低贱\\卑鄙,语气强于 scorn
despite 语气较弱,表示嘲弄 His suggestion was dismissed with scorn. His face
showed the scorn/despite he felt.
acquaint v.使了解 be acquainted with sth. eg. I have been acquainted with the secret. acquaint sb. with sth. acquaint sb. of sth.
make a person acquainted with sb :介绍某人同另一个人认识 Let me make... acquainted with you. acquaintance 熟人
reunite n 使团聚 assume v.假定,认为
Text 课文
a chance in a million one chance in a thousand 可能性小 eg. It is a chance in a million to meet you here.在这儿见到你可真是不容易呀
----He let out a scream that must can be heard in Peru. 典型的夸张,目的是加强语气
We are less credulous than we used to be. 这是明显现在与过去的对比
eg. We are less credulous than we used to be. 我们不再像以前那样轻信于人了。
are 表示现在的情况 / used to be 过去的情况
eg. We are not so honest as we used to be.我们不像过去那么诚实了. 谓语动词是 be 动词的时候用 used
to be,而不用 used to 谓语动词是使役动词的时候用 used to eg. He works less hard than he used to.
In the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a
conclusion be presenting his
readers with a series of coincidences – most of them wildly improbable.
19 世纪的小说家通过给读者们提供一系的巧合事件结束….. 破折号后面的语句是对前作者的一个观点。
Them 指一系列的巧合 而其中大部分的巧合事件发生的机率是极小的
bring sth. to a conclusion 结束
eg. They decided to bring the meeting to a conclusion. bring sth. to a close (比较正式的)
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eg. It was ...who brought meeting to a close. present sb. with sth. 给某人提供… present sth. to sb.
Readers happily accepted the fact that an obscure maid-servant was really the hero’s mother.
Along-lost brother, who was presumed dead, was really alive all the time and wickedly
plotting to bring about the hero’s downfall.
wickedly plotting to… ------居心叵测的密谋把这个英雄搞下台来……
bring about:产生,引起
eg. Modern science has brought about great changes in life. And so on. Modern readers would find such naïve solutions totally unacceptable.
现在的读者已经不愿意接受这样的结尾
find such naive solutions totally unacceptable 觉得这种解决办法很天真不能够被接受 find sth. interesting
Yet, in real life, circumstances do sometimes conspire to bring about coincidences which
anyone but a nineteenth century novelist would find incredible. *牢记此句
do—加强语气,really
A German taxi-driver, Franz Bussman , recently found a brother who was thought to have been killed twenty years before. who was thought…….
who 所引导的定语从句修饰 brother
While on a walking tour with his wife, he stopped to talk to a workman. After they had gone
on , Mrs. Bussman commented on the workman’s close resemblance to here husband and
觉得什么有意思
find sb. beautiful 觉得某人漂亮
even suggested that he might be his brother. he was on a walking tour………..省略了 he comment on sth 就...作出评论\\评价--remark on
Bussman 夫人对工人作出评价说长得和他的兄弟很像，甚至暗示说就是他的兄弟…
eg:I can't explain how it is that he is still here. be separated from make one's way
Franz poured scorn on the idea, pointing out that his brother
had been killed in action
during the war. Though Mrs. Bussman was fully acquainted with this story, she thought that
there was a chance in a million that she might be right. …..她认为有百万分一的机会证明她所说的是正确的……..
A few days later, she sent a boy to the workman to ask him if his name was Hans Bussman.
Needless to say , the man’s name was Hans Bussman and he really was Franz’s long-lost
brother. When the brothers were re-united, Hans explained how it was that he was still alive.
……explained how it was…..汉斯解释说他依旧活着是怎么一回事。
After having been wounded towards the end of the war, he had been sent to hospital and was
separated from his unit. The hospital had been bombed and Hans had made his way back into Western Germany on foot. Make one’s way…力尽艰辛……….
Meanwhile , his unit was lost and all records of him had been
destroyed. Hans returned to
his family home, but the house had been
37
bombed and no one in the neighbourhood knew
what had become of the inhabitants. Assuming that his family had been killed during an
air-raid, Hans settled down in a village fifty miles away where he had remained ever since.
………all records of him had been destroyed….他所有的资料都被毁掉了
become of :happen to :发生遭遇\\不幸的事件,多用于疑问句,主语必须是 what 或 whatever
eg. Whatever became of that girl?
Please explain what became of you yesterday.
用 assuming,而不用 presuming:主观上的臆断\\无事实根据的
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1、 What would a modern reader find totally unacceptable in a novel today?
答案 d—Having for a hero a man once presumed dead. 根据课文内容知道现在的读者是不能接受一些巧合的事件 2、 When Mrs. Bussman suggested that the workman might be Franz’s brother
答案 c—Franz was so sure his brother was dead he did not take her seriously.
3、 What did Hans Bussman do immediately after the war was over?
答案 c—He inquired after his family’s where abouts but found no trace of them.背熟
(打探某人的情况,但是没有发现任何踪迹)
4、 -his readers with a series of coincidences…wildly improbable.(lines 3-6) 答案 b—which would be most
5、 A long-lost brother, who was presumed dead, had not in fact died and…to
bring about the hero’s downfall.(lines 8-12) 答案 d—had been wickedly plotting. 6、 He stopped…(line 25)
答案 a—in order to talk to a workman
7、 She sent a boy to ask the workman…(lines 25-26) 答案 b—what he was called
8、 Meanwhile his unit was lost and …had been destroyed. (lines 31-32)
答案 b—every record of his (他所有的记录都被毁掉了)
9、 -who was thought to have been killed twenty years…(lines 18-19)
答案 d—previously
previously: before 同义 完成时的标志
10、 Mrs Bussman told her husband that he and the workman…(lines 20-21) 答案 c—looked very alike
look 表示人的外貌\\长相应该采用复数形式 look alike 看起来像
11、 -there was the …chance she might be right.(lines 24-25) 答案 a—remotest
remote 既表示\"遥远\\偏僻的\也表示\"微弱的\特别用来修饰 chance
12、 -how it had …that he was still alive. (lines 28-29) * 答案 d—come about come about: happen
多用于疑问句,尤其是 How does it come about that?结构中
补充： 一、词组
标题：a chance in a million one chance in a thousand 可能性小
less credulous we used to be
not so gullible 不怎么轻信于人(殆无可能) we were 像我们往常那样
commented on made observations on 置评，评论 close resemblance to great likeness to 酷像 poured scorn on scoffed at 嘲笑
pointing out that indication clearly that 明白指出，说道…… killed in action fallen in battle 阵亡
was acquainted with 熟知，熟悉 was familiar with
needless to say 不用说 it goes without saying , it is a matter of course
how it was that 怎么会……怎么搞的……=how(跟主语) came 或 how it came that…… (be) wounded
was separated from lost touch (contact)
with made his way back into=went his way back into/to 返回 on foot
by walking 步行
old home, home town 老家
family home
隔绝，失去联系 was out of touch with, be injured 受伤
in the neighbourhood 在街坊邻里 in the residential district what had become of 变为什么样子，变成什么样的一种现状（命运，结果）= what had happened to (或 befallen) assuming that settled down time.
二、关于 conspire to
(有一种这样的含意：许多事，情况或人凑在一起造成了……) 后接 V
1) Events conspire to bring about great difficulties for government
2) They conspire to bring about the meeting of the two people. 3) They conspire to make it a success.
4) The bad weather conspired with a dirty hotel to make my holiday a resounding failure. 三、表达法对比 a) Hans explained
how it was that he was still alive.
how things happened that he was still alive. the whole story of his being still alive.
b) conspire to bring about 可写成 conspire towards(合力促成)
conspire against(凑在一起反对) 例：一切事情都和我作对 All things conspire against me. 一切因素都促成那种结果。 38
presuming that 料想
定居 established one's residence
ever since 打那以后 the whole period from some specified
bring……to a conclusion: bring…… to an end
to a close 把……告一结束
presenting(sb.) with offering (sb.) with 给（人）以 a series of a train of 一系列 wildly improbable
extremely absurd 荒诞不经，十分荒唐
was presumed was supposed 人们以为 all the time all the while 一直 plotting to conspiring to 图谋
bring about (one's ) downfall=bring about(one's) failure 把（人）搞垮，叫别人日子不好过 and so on and so forth,等等，诸如此类的事 conspire to bring about conspire towards
不期而然地发生，导致……许多事凑在一起，引起了，合力促成
was thought to have 原来人们认为已经 was believed to have on a walking tour stopped to talk to
徒步旅行 on a walking excursion 停下来然后向……讲话=stopped
walking and talked to
All things conspire towards that result.
c) a 例所示 how it was,是说“原委”，“事情之究竟”。所以我们说“原来是这样”，就可写成 So that's how it is.
Lesson 37 The Westhaven Express 开往威斯特海温的 快车
New words and expression 生词和短语 1. Express n.快车；a..高速的
Express way 高速公路 / Express train 快车 Stopping/local train 慢车 Special express 特快 /
2. Punctual a. 准时的( = neither early nor late ) Be punctual in doing sth doing .
Be punctual to the minute 非常的准时 --He is a man who is punctual to the minute.
副词：Punctually 反义词：Unpunctual 名词： Punctuality
3. Condition
--Society has conditioned each one of us. 我们大家都适应了。 Be condition to
--Each one of us has been conditioned to society.
--the plants have been conditioned to the cold weather here.. ( plant 做主语)
--The cold weather has conditioned the plants here. (cold weather 做主语) n. 条件
on condition that 在……条件下如果
on no condition 在任何情况下都不 (用在句首句子必须采用倒装)
--On no condition must you be late. 到。
in good/bad condition 情况良好(不好) change one’s condition 结婚
in the interesting condition 怀孕=pregnant
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在任何情况下都不能迟
这个社会已经使
vt.使习惯于(=Form a habit in)
在做。。。事方面相当准时
--In the modern society, we must be punctual in what we are
Through express 直快
4. unshakable 5. faith
keep faith with sb
对某人守信用
对……有信心
put one’s faith in sth 词汇比较：
faith 深信不疑，信仰(比 belief 程度更重一些)
belief 可信赖，可接受 conviction 坚定的信念 trust 相信，依赖
credit 完全相信
--I have full credit in your ability to do this job. 6. cancel v.取消
--we have to cancel the appointment. 词汇比较： Call off
废除
撤销，废止,比 abolish 正式
取消，解除 (可以替换 cancel) Abolishn.信任=strong belief/trust 深信不疑，信仰，信心
a. 不可动摇的
on the faith of 在……保证下，凭……信用
--The law was abolished. Rescind
Write off 注销，勾销
--Write off the name. 注销这个名字。 Cross out 划掉
--The word here is useless, please cross it out. 7. exceptionally adv. 例外地 8. dislocate v. 打乱(计划等) 9. blame v. 责怪 10. consult v.请教，查阅 11. direct adv.径直地 12. odd
Reflect on sth
--He’s reflecting on his idea. Reflect upon oneself 反省
--Sometimes we need reflect upon ourselves.
第二种意思： 反射
--She looks at herself reflected in the water.
14. Advantage
Take advantage of sb 欺骗某人并利用
n.优势,长处 a.奇怪的，异常的
13 reflect vt 细想，深思熟虑=consider carefully
Take advantage of sth 利用某事
--We must take advantage of what we can use.
Of great/no advantage to sb/sth 对。。。大有益处/毫无益处 --Smoking is of no
advantage to you.
To advantage 更有效地
--You should use the money to advantage. To one’s advantage =to the advantage of sb Have advantage over sb 词汇比较：
Interest 个人的利益，好处 --It’s to your
interest to give up smoking
Benefit 通过正当手段谋求的好处
--Doing exercises will benefit us a lot. Profit 金钱上的获利 Good 个人或集体的利益 15. mighty a. 强大的，有力的 16. dawdle v. 慢吞吞地动或做 17. chug 正式
Make/lodge complaint 提出抱怨 19. complaint 20. triumph 22. conduct
Text 课文
We have learnt to expect that trains will be punctual.
这是文章中的第一句话，大家一定要牢记它，并掌握这个句子的主干：
have learnt to expect that …… 已经习惯于期待…… --We have learnt to expect that all friends will be helpful in need of danger.
After years of conditioning, most of us have developed an
unshakable faith in railway time-tables.
(1). 介词 of 后接动名词形式，意为：经过多年的适应. (2). Develop an unshakable faith in sth. 对于……形成了一种不可动摇的信念。
(3)全句译文：经过多年的适应，大多数人对火车时刻表产生了一种不可动摇的信念。
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v.抱怨 v.胜利 v.引导，指向 v.咔嚓咔嚓的响
18. Lodge v.提出=make a statement officially ，比 make 更
对某人有利
胜过某人，比某人有优势
--We have learnt to expect that parents are quite able, after years of
pre-conditioning all of us have developed such unshakable faith.
我们已经习惯于期待父母总是能干的，经过多年的适 应，我们每个人都已经养成了这样一个不可动摇的信念。
--Most of us have developed an unshakable faith in our teachers.
On time = punctual a. 准时的
Only an exceptionally heavy snow fall might temporarily dislocate railway services.
Exceptionally = unusual / uncommonly 不同寻常的，特别的(用于加强语气)
译文：只有那种特别大的暴风雪才有可能暂时打乱铁路计划。 Dislocate railway services = put railway services out of order
It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something does go wrong.
When something does go wrong. 当事情出现差错时 It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities. 责备铁路当局。
Too .. to 结构中，在 too 之前出现了 all, only, but, not 等词时，to 后的从句就有肯定意义。
--He is but too eager to get home. 他太急于要回家了。 --One is never too old to learn.
They are more likely to be ours than theirs.
译文：很可能是我们自己犯下的错误而不是铁路当局的。 Ours = our mistakes. Theirs = their mistakes. 句型：be likely to do 有可能… --He is likely to arrive tomorrow evening. --You are likely to get success if you work hard. 与 likely(有可能的) 有关的句型： 1. 2. 的。 词汇比较：
1. probable 与 likely 意思相通，但是不能与不定式形式搭配。可以用：It is probable that … --It is probable that he arrives here in time.
probable 表示的可能性比 possible 表示的可能性要大，与
be likely to do It is likely that……
活到老学到老。
--I’m all/but too glad to have someone to speak to.
我们总是去
21. asterisk n.星号
--It is likely that he arrives here in time. 他及到达这里是有可能
likely 基本相同。
2.possible 表示可能发生或可能不发生，也可以用句型：It is possible that …
--It is possible/probable that he will speak to you. --It is possible for us to finish the work in an hour.
After consulting my railway time-table
After consulting 是介词+动名词构成的时间状语，=after I had consulted my timetable.
Go direct from … to … 从哪儿径直到哪儿。 --The train goes direct from shanghai to Beijing.
At this time, this did not strike me as odd.
译文：这个时候，这件事情并没有让我感到惊讶。 Strike sb as 是浪费时间。
As 后面可以接分词，名词，形容词。
I reflected that there must be a great many people besides
myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service. I reflected : 我想
Besides me = in addition to me 除我之外
Hold up = hold back / hinder / prevent 妨碍，阻碍
It suddenly dawned on me that this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an
hour, but barely chugging along at thirty. Dawn on sb. = become gradually known by sb 人所明白 Barely = only
But he had not even heard of it. Hear of = hear about
Denied the train’s existence 否认存在
There was a note of triumph in my voice when I told him that
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渐渐的被某
给某人以印象，使某人感到
--The activity struck me as wasting time. 这次活动给我的印象就
it was there in black and white.
A note of = a tone 口吻。
In black and white
A tiny asterisk conducted me to a footnote at the bottom of the
page. It said:’ This service has been suspended.’ Conduct me to = lead me to Suspend = delay 暂停
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 Comprehension 理解 1… 正确答案：B by rail = by train 2… 正确答案：C at the speed of 以…的速度 express train
特快列车
3… 答案正确：A
complain about; complain of 抱怨
注意句子：The train scheduled as an express train having in fact been a slow one.
Scheduled as an express train 修辞 the train，做它的后置定语。
Having in fact been a slow one 与 train 构成主格结构。
句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键
Structure 结构 4… 答案正确：B expect 的用法： expect sth/sb to do 5… 答案正确：C
注意：might 在 railway services 之前，是明显的倒装表示。 需采用倒装形式的几种情况：
A) only 所引导的状语从句用在句首，句子必须倒装。 B）if 条件句，如果 if 省略，were 要前置。
--Were it to snow = If it were to snow. 这是虚拟语气条件句的用法。
6… 正确答案：A
in a mere hour and seventeen minutes 在 1 小时 17 分钟内 7… 正确答案：D
白纸黑字
: 在我的声音里面存在着一种胜利的
因为 still, 所以答案为 d.
如果选择 a) before we had ,则应去掉 still to. 即：before we had covered half the distance.
8… 正确答案：C
十分有礼貌的表达方式，且与 asked 形式呼应。 Vocabulary 词汇 9… 正确答案：D held up = delay halt slow up
减慢
10… 正确答案：D
as soon as I arrived = immediately on arrival 11... 正确答案：B 注意：主句中 I 做主语
a 选项，则 noting 与主句中的主语 I 不相符合。 b 选项，sounding 是现在分词做状语说明修辞 I 的情况 12… 正确答案：A take another look review
Lesson 38 The first calendar 第一本日历 New words and expression 生词和短语 calendar n.历法，日历 Calender n.轮压机
historian n.历史学家 historic
adj.有历史意义的
-- This is a historic speech.
historical adj.与历史研究有关系的 -- Historical research 历史研究 unique
adj.无与伦比的，独一无二,
=uneauqaled speech is a unique human ability
-- 本身具有比较意义，不能接受比较级，可以接受 quite,nearly,surely,really ，不能接受 rather,very 等词的修饰 special especial
adj. 注重性质 特殊 adj.强调超过其它 全部 复习
再看一眼 停止 retard
防止
steadily adv.不断地 solely adv.唯一地 video n.录像 CD-ROM n.光盘驱动器
bewilder v.令人眼花缭乱
= confuse,especially by lots of different things at the same time -- She was bewildered by so many beautiful dresses.
puzzle 某问题因复杂、微妙而令人费解，既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态。
-- I am puzzled by the problem.
perplex 难以理解（包含焦虑不安，不知如何解决的意思）,多用于被动语态。
-- He is perplexed for the answer. bewilderment in bewilderment 茫然不知所措
deduce v 推断，推理（有充分的证据和准则而得出结论）
= determine or decied sth by given fact
-- I deduce the conclusion from the given facts. (deduce……from 从……推断)
infer v.推断（不表示过程, 也不表示结论是否有充足的理由） -- What can you infer from the text? 反义词： -- induce v.归纳
scanty a.不足的，贫乏的 = too few,not enough -- scanty knowledge 一知半解 -- a scanty crop 歉收
-- be scanty of sth 奇缺 / be short of 短缺
-- The village school is scanty of text books.这乡村学校奇缺教材。
be want of 需要 in need of 需要
clue n.线索 insignificant
shed v.使流出，泻 = pour out
-- shed tears 泪流满面 -- shed light 发光
-- shed light on sb 启发，启迪
-- shed one’s blood for country 为祖国而流血 -- shed one’s clothes 脱去衣服 42
adj.
adj.不重要的
n.
overlook 忽视，宽恕，检查，监督
-- This is a matter of especial importance.
-- This is a especially important matter. particular adj.特定的 --Pineapples have particular flavour. exceptional extraordinary
adj.
-- The warm weather is exceptional for January.
advent :出现，到来，来临,经常与 the 搭配，只要指节气，重要发展的到来，来临。 = coming or arrival
-- at the advent of winter 在冬天到来的时候 -- since the advent of 自从……的到来 agriculture n.农业
assumption
n.假定，设想
ivory
dot n.小圆点 symbol n.象牙制品 mammoth n.獠牙，长牙 nomad
n.游牧民
correlate v.使相互联系 phase n.
月相，天相 v.描绘，描画 Text 课文
They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass
of evidence that steadily accumulates. Select…from 从中进行选择 Choose
挑选（凭个人意愿），它不仅强调做这个决定的行
动，而且强调最后的决定。 有三种情况二者不能互换： 1> 当在两者中选一个时只能用 choose, 即 choose between
-- We have to choose between leaving early and paying for taxi. 2> choose 可带 wh 从句
-- I`ll let you choose where we should go to eat. 3> choose to do 只能用 choose 其二 select 比 choose 更正式
What is more they will not have to rely solely on the written word.
what is more 更有甚者，起到承接上下文的作用,是 furthermore,moreover 的意思 what is worse 更糟糕的是
rely on = count on = depend on 依靠、指望 -- you can`t rely on others.
-- He can`t be relied on / depended on / counted on. solely adv.唯一地
=only , just , nearly
They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action. in action 行动中的，活动中的
as it were 可以说，似乎，好象，是一个插入语，在语法上是一个成分，可以用于任何 时态语句中。
-- He is as it were a walking dictionary. 他可以说是一本活字典。
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primitive adj.原始的 depict
n.符号 engrave v.雕刻 n.长毛象 tusk
-- Computers can never as it were lead independent lives. 电脑不能过的生活。
As it is = in fact = in reality = actually = as a matter of fact 事实上
-- I thought things would get better,but as it is ,they are getting worse.
-- In many ways children live as it were in a different world from the adults.
在许多方面，孩子可以说过着一种与大人完全不同的生活。 But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always
faced with a difficult task. be faced with 面临
= be in the position in which one must deal with a problem or unpleasant situation
-- Automobile industry is faced with a bad future now. -- A great many people are faced with losing their jobs.
-- In my opinion,you are faced with a problem as it were how to get enough time to study English.
文中 attempting to reconstruct the distant past 现在分词修饰 the
historian，所以句子可转换为： But the historian who is attempting to reconstruct the
distant past is always faced with a difficult task.
-- The student attempting to learn Eghlish well in a year is faced with a
difficult task. He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available.
available adj.可利用的
-- I have a dictionary available for you .
-- is there a place available for us to have a chat?
-- I know you are in need of a help,but excuse me,I don`t have any students
available for you. Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history of early man. remains = ruins 遗迹，遗物 insignificant = unimportant 不重要的 ）
shed light on = throw light on = cast light on 解释，说明，揭示 = make a matter clear or understood -- This information shed light on the problem.
-- Can you shed light on the case of the fire? 你能够解释这次火灾吗？
-- She will shed light on the case of stolen jewels.
Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of
agriculture, for then man was faced with a real need to
understand something about the seasons.
up to now = so far 到目前为止
come into being = come into existence 产生，出现 come into 的用法： -- come into power 上台 -- come into use 开始使用
be faced with a real need to do sth. 面临着做某事的真正需要 -- We are faced with a real need to learn English well.
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
Comprehension
1… 正确答案：B 根据课文内容选择 2… 正确答案：D 同上 3… 正确答案：A 同上 Structure
4… 正确答案：D 用将来时态才与原文相符合 5… 正确答案：C
原句中缺少主语，由 what 引导一个简单句做主语从句 6… 正确答案：B
code 指 the markings ；现在分词做状语 7… 正确答案：C
强调二者之间有联系，故排除 A，而 C 选项表示有可能联系，语气不肯定，符合题目要求。 Vocabulary 8… 正确答案：B
puzzle out:to find answer by thinking hard 9… 正确答案：A 同义词
10… 正确答案：A
令人费解的：puzzling ;符号 signs 代替了 code,而不是 singal,singal 表示信号。 11… 正确答案：C
A 选项，come to 必须接动词原形，如 come to record / come to exist
C 选项 ，come into existence(existence n.)
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12… 正确答案：A
nomands:move from place to place
Lesson 39 Nothing to worry about 不必担心
New words and expression 生词和短语 Rough friends.
Cut up rough 发脾气
We’d better not take the rough road. Perturb
v.使不安=very upset
Be perturbed about sth
His threats didn’t perturb her in the least. Disturb 并非用心去扰乱，语气弱得多
It is disturbing to think that a wild animal is still at large in the quite
countryside. Plague 舒适等
Sorry to give you trouble./sorry to trouble you. Worry 安的心情到了忧虑的程度 He is worried about his son’s safety.
Fret 持续的忧虑、哀伤或焦急，表示烦燥的心情
He freted himself all the time for news of her. Upset 内心忐忑不安
I feel upset now because I am afraid I hurt you. Dismay 使沮丧 Scoop
v.（用勺子）挖出，铲出
She scooped out some suger.
Make a scoop 走运，赚大钱，抢先得到新闻 That guy made a scoop.
Ominously adv 有预兆地 Ominous adj
Look at those ominous black clouds. Omen n./v 预示着，预兆 This is a good/bad omen The clouds omen rain.
Rip v.用力地撕开=Tear Rip the letter open Rip one’s mask away.
表达不
病痛或类似事情的折磨而使人苦恼
搅扰别人的安宁，
The terrible disease plagued him. Trouble
a 崎岖不平的=no smooth Be rough on sb 对某人苛
刻、无礼 Don’t be rough on your
Let things rip:=let things be
Rip into 攻击 Rip off 偷窃
Rip up the back 背后说坏话 Stretch
n.一大片
A stretch of land A stretch of water
At a stretch 连续地，不停顿地 We worked for hours at a stretch. We drove fast on a stretch of open field.
He is unable to work for long stretches.他不能连续地工作。 A stretch of hills 也可作动词，
stretch out 伸出；到了极限
He stretched out his hand to get the apple.
There are forests stretching for hundreds of miles. Transport was rather
stretched in the Spring Festival.
Obstacle n.障碍
Lack of education is an obstacle to success. Constitute an obstacle to
构成……障碍 Remove/overcome an obstacle 克服障碍 Put obstacle in sb’s way 妨碍某人的发展 Obstacle to
Key/answer/shred/advantage/disadvantage/admission/damage + to 一起使用
Obstruction 障碍物，阻塞通道的东西 There must be an obstruction in the pipe.
Hindrance 阻碍事物发展的人或物，重点在妨碍事物的发展 You are more of hindrance than help.
Obstacle 阻于途中的物体，也指受阻碍的状况
grind v.摩擦
Grind wheat into flour Grind sth to pieces Grind one’s teeth in anger
Halt n.（暂时的）停=stop They halt for a few minutes.
Stop 最普通的用语，可代替 cease(formal),halt Cease 非常正式的用词，表示中止
The heart will cease to beat when life ceased. Pause 暂停 He paused for a breath.
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Halt 又表示名词
Come to a halt/stop
get sb to do sth :persuade/advise sb to do
Please get them to finish the work as quickly as possible. Please get hi to give up smoking.
be littered with 布满 be pitted with holes 坑坑洼洼 even though :even if
not in the least: not at all /not a bit / not the least bit 一点也不 反：not a little = very much
by no means /in no way /on no account /at no times /under no circumstances 绝不
a mere:: only
It was not (to say)……..
dusty track = dusty road 尘土飞扬的路面
look back 回头看
we looking back, wondering (从句做伴随状况语) if we were leaving a trail of oil an d petrol behind us.
give way to 为……所代替
The great clouds gradually broke up and give way to blue sky. He has no
intention of giving way to your demands.
In response to: in reaction to
Hardly…..when…..
He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house. Before he had
hardly had time to settle down, he sold the house.
We had hardly had time to worry about what might happen when we were back on the plane again.
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
Comprehension No.1 C
It seemed less likely that…… Meet with disaster No.2 A
In response to renewed pleadings, Bruce stopped. No.3 A anything. Structure
Vocabulary
Believe sb./sth./that/in No.5 A
What 感叹句的主题词是名词 How 感叹句的主题词是形容词 No.6 D No.7 B Run out of 旧版笔记
bumpy /washboard +road I’m a rough diamond. 内秀 问路
Where is the hospital? Can you direct me to ..? How do I get to .. What is
the closest way to..? Bear left, when you came across the fork.
run across
I run across an old friend in the street. 碰巧遇到
get sb to do = persuade sb to do sth get sth done (get foot spiked)
get sth dong = begin to do sth
I need you professional advice. Any suggestions?
We are hungry fo ideas. Why not try this way? No point in trying. No.8 C No.9 A Hinder = obstacle No.10 C No.11 B No12 C
even though he is wealthy +he is not satisfied. wealthy as he is
No matter how wealthy he is how ever
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He was not the sort of person to be perturbed by
regard less of how wealthy he is
Be he ever wealthy Let him be wealthy For all he with all his wealthy
in spite of the fact that despite the fact that
He was not in the least worry.
I was +not in the least /by no means /not bit /not the fewest(informal) +surprised at the news.
a mere = only 5 dollars.
It is not that …..but (that)……
It is not that I am not satisfied but that I have my own business to attend
to. No that I dislike the work, but I have no time to do it.
I have nobody to complain of except myself.
I have yet to receive your reply.我还没有收到你的回音。
He is as good a swimmer as any of us.
The new container holds 10 times as much as the old one. cry over a novel 看小说落泪
give over his misfortune rejoice over 高兴 Talk over a cup of coffee. It’s no use crying over split milk.
Those days are long gone.
He’s strolling down the memory lane. It’s just like yesterday. I wish I could turn back the old days.
Old solders never die., they just fade away. Stream trains give way to electric trains.
Ice and snow give way to warm weather. When the wind changes.
The hand that rocks cradle,= mother
The news is welcome by students immediately. The solution finds a immediate welcome away students.
impediment 发展过程中的障碍
a mere + exact number
He often described me how he picked up the painting for a mere
barrier 不可逾越的障碍 obstacle
第 219 页
Lesson 40 Who's who 真假难辨
New words and expression 生词和短语
hoax n.，戏弄
play a hoax/trick on sb. 戏弄 play a joke on sb. 开玩笑
The boy student is thinking how to play a hoax on his classmate.
deception n.欺骗，指无关紧要的欺骗，有时也指利已的不诚实行为
She referred to the pills as sweet, so the harmless deception
made it easy for her child to take them. deceit 强调一个人对另一个的故意欺骗 We are incapable of deceit.
fraud 复杂的对于公众的欺骗行为，着重指官方的欺骗或财政舞弊 trickery 语气上比 deception
严厉，着重指有步骤的诡计以追求私利 He had gained control of the company by trickery.
self-respecting a.自重的
indulge v.使沉迷
He indulged himself in smoking and drinking. indulge oneself in be indulged in
He was indulged in smoking and drinking. indulge 的第二个语义是“纵容”
She indulges her only son. pneumatic a.气动的 drill n.钻
silly a.无意义的，无聊的
foolish 强调愚蠢的，笨的，不明智的
I remonstrated him not to do anything foolish. Silly 表示无意义的，无聊的，无知的
Being called silly is not compliment. Don't play such a silly play. stupid 强调人及言行缺乏良好的判断力，及一般的智能（主要指天生迟钝） His son is as stupid as all.
47
整理发布：kaiziliu
荣誉出品 新概念英语（第二版第三册）
dull 指理解迟钝，或健康状况不佳、工作过度而导致的缺乏敏锐的头脑
The old man's hearing has become dull. She is a dull girl.表示人很呆
advance a.n.预先的，事先获得的
advance information 预先获得的信息/ in advance 提前
archway n.拱形门楼
remonstrate v.规劝，告戒（非常正式的用词） remonstrate sb. to do sth. ironically adv.讽刺地 permission n.许可
ask sb. for permission give/grant sb. permission
grant v.同意，准予
Text 课文
Key structures
It has never been explained why he seems to enjoy doing it. specialize in
He specialized in biology after graduation. except the victims/ but the victims tear up=destroy
take sb. seriously 严肃对待
be to do 结构 1. should 2. must 3. intend
Such a private thing should be avoided. Such a private thing is to be avoided.
No students must leave school without the permission of the police.没有的允许，谁都不准 离开。
No students are to leave school without the permission of the police. We
intend to start a work next week.
We are to start a work next week. be grateful to sb. for sth. that went on=that happened as he pleased 随他的意愿做
four more=another four fiercely=strongly at this 听到
At the words, he got angry.听到这话，他生气了。
With the words, he left the room angrily.说完这话，他生气地离开了房间。
pointed out ironically 讥讽地指出 hardly be necessary 大可不必
under 与名词搭配表示一种被动的概念 under discussion/arrest/repair
make a telephone call 打一个电话
only 引导的时间状语从句或介词短语，以及条件状语从句在句首时，句子要倒装。
Lesson 41 Illusions of Pastoral peace 宁静田园生活的 遐想
New words and expression 生词和短语 illusion：n. 幻想，错觉
under illusion that/under the impression that eg: I am under the impression that you are honest.
He still lives under the illusion that country life is superior to town
life. He lives under that illusion that country life is superior to town life.
with live under the illusion
eg: I am under the illusion that he will help me every day. under no illusion that: 没有…幻想
eg: We live under no illusion that country is beautiful. have illusion about/have no illusion about: 对…不报有幻想
delusion: 幻想，幻觉。侧重于强调精神病人无中生有的幻觉 eg: He is under the delusion that somebody will kill him tomorrow. He lives
under the delusion that he will be killed sometime.
vision: 对美好未来的想象，憧憬
eg: I live under the vision that I have a bright future
从词根扩展词型： illusioned: adj. 充满幻想的 eg: The world of children is illusioned.
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illusionary: adj.错觉的，幻觉的
eg: Don’t believe in him. What he said is illusionary picture. illusive: adj. 虚假的，不可靠的 eg: what he described was illusive.
What he described was illusive. Don’t depend on him any more.
imagine / imaginary / imaging eg: I can not imagine building imaginary: 虚构的
eg: The story is imaginary. Do not be taken in. imaginative: 富有想象力的
eg: Children are more imaginative than adults. unimaginative: 缺乏想象力的
imaginable: 能够被想象的出的，用在修饰的名词后面 eg: This is the idea / way imaginable.
pastoral：adj. 田园诗的 eg: pastoral piece：田园般的宁静 breed (bred, bred)：vt. 培育 breed / raise / bring up / rear
breed: 1.书面用语，表示 raise,表示饲养宠物. breed 较 raise 更为正式
eg: raise / breed pets raise / breed dogs Do you raise dogs? No, I do not think I have enough time to keep an eye on dogs. 2. 表示 bring up,把 sb. 培养成人 educate
eg: As mother, you must breed good manners into your child. 作为一个目前，你必须培养孩子 良好的举止和习惯。
rear: vt. 培养 sb. 饲养 pets
eg: I must rear the child because I have the duty. He rears / raise /breeds two dogs.
在口语中，推荐使用 raise/rear, 在书面语言中，使用 breed。 3． breed = cause/lead to/result in/give rise to eg: War breeds misery and ruin. Your careless bred the accident.
breed in and in / breed out and out 近亲结婚，同种繁殖/非近亲结婚，异种繁殖
rapture：n. 欣喜若狂 / great joy / delight in raptures eg: At the news, they are in raptures. At the news, they are greatly delighted. in raptures over / about sth. 对…欣喜若狂 eg: I am in raptures about the new book. go into raptures: feel delighted 感到非常高兴
the Great Wall.
eg: He went into raptures when he heard the good news. go into raptures over/about/at sth. 对…感到非常高兴
joy / happiness
eg: We have a good time and we are full of happiness.
rapture>delight>joy 在口语中，建议使用 delight delight: n. v. 使高兴，使喜悦 delighted: adj.
eg: I feel delighted./ I am in raptures. ecstasy: 狂喜，出神
enchant: v/enchantment: n. 出身，魅力 eg: He was enchanted in thoughts. elation: 兴高采烈，得意洋洋 eg: He has got the feeling of elation. bliss: 极乐,无上的幸福。
eg: Nothing in the world can make you happier than bliss. Recently, a sound sleep is my bliss.
glee: 高兴，欢欣，常用于文学，诗歌中 必须掌握的词汇：
rapture /in raptures /go into raptures / joy / happiness / delight / enchantment / elation / bliss / glee
extol：vt. 赞美，颂扬,书面= praise
eg: I can not find a good word to praise you/your ability. I want to extol(高歌) the virtues pf human beings compliment: 恭维
eg: Do you always compliment your friends? applepolisher: 拍马屁的人 exalt: 赞扬，歌颂，吹捧
eg: You disgust me. Why do you extol such a stupid person? laud: 赞美，书面语
eg: I want to do nothing but laud you. What do you want to laud me?
I want to laud you beauty, ability, and your wealth. extol / praise / compliment / exalt / laud
1. superior：adj. 优越的，没有比较级和最高级，只能是原形 = better than the average
be superior to: 比 sb. / sth.更加优越
eg: In my opinion, town life is superior to country life. interior: 比…低，不如…
eg: Town life is interior to country life.
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2. senior: 高级的，年长的 eg: senior high school: 高中 junior: 年幼的,下级的，下属的
3． posterior: 后于… prior: 先于… inferior: 不如… eg: This job is prior to that one.
of no confidence / importance / significance: 无足轻重 eg: This work is of no significance. It should be inferior to that one.
cockcrow：n. 鸡叫
：v. （鸟）吱吱叫，嘁嘁喳喳叫
glint：v. 闪烁
flash: 表示忽明忽暗的闪光，如：手电筒的光，镜子的光线
eg: Lighthouse is flashing in the distance.
glim: 透过某种媒介而闪现的微弱的光线，如，透过大雾 eg: Though the fog, we saw a lighthouse glimming. glint: 闪烁，由于迅速闪烁的微弱的光 = shine moment
eg: The sun glinted through the leaves.阳光透过叶缝闪着微弱的光芒
glisten: 潮湿的物体上反射的光泽和光辉
eg: The white snow glistened in all the colors of rainbow. flicker: 表示蜡烛。油灯在即将熄灭的时候的摇曳不定的光 eg: On the cold night, I sat in front of the only candle which was flickering.
pasture：n. 牧场
idyllic：adj. 田园诗的 eg: He is leading an idyllic life
virtually：adv. 几乎，差不多
dubious：adj. 可疑的，怀疑的 = doubtful / uncertain / questionable / suspicious / sceptical
be dubious about / of 对…不肯定,表示怀疑的 doubtful / uncertain suspect:
表示一种肯定的怀疑，猜疑的 eg: I doubt whether he stole the car. Cats are suspicious of human beings.
for
a
I am doubtful of your ability. I am dubious about your ability.
questionable: 提出质疑的，不肯定的，值得争议的 eg: This is a questionable conclusion / decision. sceptical: 怀疑论的
eg: Your idea is sceptical. privilege：n. 特权 misery：n. 苦难 acquaintance：n. 熟人
treat：n. 难得的乐事，享受 be one’s treat: 请客吃饭
eg: Let’s go to have dinner. It’s my treat. treat sb. to dinner
eg: It is pleasure to treat you to dinner. stand treat
eg: I stand treat. 做东 treat sb. as…
eg: I treat him as my best friend.
treat with sb. = talk with sb.
eg: I can not bring it to a conclusion. I want to treat with you. treat of sth. sb. = speak of, talk of
eg: we speak /treat of tramps contemptuously. Having a dinner with you is my treat.
dweller：n. 居住者
stagger：v. 摇晃，蹒跚 exotic：adj. 导乎寻常的，外来的 glow：n. 白炽光
descend：v. 下落，降临（书面用语）
eg: Darkness descends very soon because winter is coming. 从…上传下来 descend from…
eg: The watch descend from his grandfather. 突然的到访，突然的袭击 descend on/upon eg: He looked me up suddenly.
He called on me suddenly. He visited me suddenly. Yesterday, my best friend descended on me. 传给谁… descend to… descend from sb. to sb. eg: The watch is descend from grandfather to grandson. ascend: 上升
eg: The aeroplane is ascending at tremendous speed.
tuck: v. 缩进，隐藏
obstinately：adv. 固执地，顽固地,不容易被改变 obstinate: adj. = stubborn 倔强
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eg: If you are an obstinate person, nobody can change your mind.
He is a stubborn person, he insists on finishing what he wants to do. Don’t
try to persuade him because he is an obstinate person. persistent: 固执己见
eg: If you always follow your friends around, I should say, you are a
persistent person.
strong-minded: 顽强的，意志力顽强的
eg: If you are a strong minded person, you can do everything well.
as stubborn as a mule: 倔强如牛
Text 课文:
Illusions of Pastoral peace 宁静田园生活的遐想
The quiet life of the country（the quiet country life） has never appealed
to me. （背诵）在论述
好处坏处的时候，应该在第一句话时救应该表达个人的意见。组织一篇议论文时，主要有三
段：开头段、支持段和结尾段。在开头段中的第一句话或是最后一句话讲明观点。 City born
and city bred. （主格结构，as I was born and bred in a city）
I have always regarded the country as (think of … as… / refer to … as) something you look at
through a train window, or something you occasional visit during the
weekend. (扩展句进行说明你的观点)。Most of my friends live in the city, yet（however）they always go into raptures at the
mere mention (at the mere mention of / at the sight of/ at the news of /
at the touch of / at the mention of ) of the country.
（具体的事例进行说明观点，例子在文章中是必不可少的）
Though they extol the virtues of the peaceful life (从本课开始，注意文章的安排，结构的布局
和关键词的重复，引导让步状语从句，应注意其主句), only one of hem has ever gone to live in
the country and he was back in town within six months.
（discussion: why
writer talk about this sentence: hypocritical 虚伪 ie: The country life
never appeals to me, and never appeals to others. 从反面进行论述）
Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life.（背诵，the
writer emphasizes that his friend is hypocritical）(the life of country /
the country / country life 重 复使用关键词能够引导读者跟着你的思路走)
He is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and
the gentle pace of living. （Discussion: why writer talks about the virtue
of country life? 作者的 意图是讨论城市生活优于乡村生活，为什么要提及乡村生活的美德呢？Every picture has two sides, 应论述其好处，再进行逐一否决）
Nothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cockcrow, the
ing of birds at dawn,
the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures. （the writer
illustrates the country life advantageous further）
This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture.（背诵，从下文开始使用对比法进行论述）
My friend fails to mention the long and friendless winter evenings in
front of the TV -- virtually
the only form of entertainment. He says nothing about the poor selection of goods in the shops, or
（表并列）about those unfortunate people who have to travel from the country to
the city every day to get to work.
Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day
for the dubious privilege of
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living in the country is beyond me.（本文重点句：背诵 why 所引导的从句
1. stand / bear / put up with / endure / tolerate 2. dubious: doubtful / uncertain）
They could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to
live in the city where they rightly belong. (Conclusion: the writer
illustrates the topic: the country life is never appeals to him. The writer
talks about both advantages and disadvantages of country life in order to comparison,
but he did not draw the conclusion about the comparison.)
If you can do without (manage/do without 没有…也能忍受 eg: I can do without car. ) the few
pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you
with the best that life can
offer. （背诵）There are advantages of living in the country, but there are few
living in the country than living in the big city.
You never have to travel miles to see your friends. They invariably(always) live nearby and are
always available (able to be used anytime, 主要是用做表语，也可以用于定语，用做定语放在 被修饰词的后面
eg: I am available to have a chat with you. The books in our
classroom are available for you. I have a dictionary available for
you.) for an informal chat or an evening's entertainment.
Some of my acquaintances in the country come up to town once or twice a
year to visit the theatre
as a special treat. For them this is a major (demanding：要求高的，需要时间的)
operation which involves considerable planning.
As the play draws to its close （near its end）, they wonder
whether they will ever catch that last
train home. The cit dweller never experiences anxieties of this
sort. （背诵 eg: We can keep ourselves free from the anxieties of this
sort which afflict the country dweller. Eating food with different taste is also a pleasure. ）
The latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride away.
Shopping, too, is always a pleasure. The latest exhibitions, films, or
plays are only a short bus ride away. Shopping, too, is always a pleasure.
There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second
best. Country people run
wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded with (方式状语) as many of the
exotic items as they can carry. （背诵）
Nor is the city without its moments of beauty.（双重否定表肯定）
There is something comforting about the warm glow shed （流泻）by
advertisements on cold wet
winter nights. Few things could be more impressive than the peace that
descends on deserted city streets at weekends when the thousands that
travel to work every day are tucked away in their homes in the country.
It has always been a mystery to me who city dwellers, who appreciate all these things, obstinately
pretend that they would prefer to live in the country. 结论句与第一段第一句进行呼应。
Vocabulary:
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extol the virtues
荣誉出品 新概念英语（第二版第三册） extol = praise highly
praise 比 extol 的语义要弱的多 virtue:美德 = advantage
illusion 幻觉，错觉 = false idea superior to 比…强 better than maintain = hold glinting: 闪烁 glistening
tolerate: 忍受 = endure, bear, stand, put up with suffer without complaining
beyond me: cannot be understood by me beyond my understanding
多项选择
1． D （该选项背熟）
think sb. hypocritical: 认为某人很虚伪 maintain a preference for sth: 坚持一种想法
2． B（题目背熟） in terms of/regarding
have advantage over sb/sth: 比…更具有优势 within easy reach of sb. 方便，容易达到 3． A allude to: mean
前 3 道题的题干和答案需要掌握 4． C 5． A tire of：厌倦
eg: I am tired of doing so.
never: 表一般状态，用一般现在时 6． C
on only short bus right away 只有几站路的路程 7． 重点 B
many of the… 许多物品中的许多 You can take as many as you like. You can take as many books as you can. 8． B 第 230 页
整理发布：kaiziliu
荣誉出品 新概念英语（第二版第三册）
It has been a mystery to me. be mystified by: 被…所困扰 be freighted by: 被…所吓着
9． A
altogether: 总共，完全 virtually:几乎 certainly:肯定的，当然的
in particular: particularly 特别，尤其是
pretty well:相当不错，相当好（AE），= almost (BE) 10．B
do without, go without, manage without 11．B
near its end 接近尾声 = draw to its close reach its climax: 达到高潮 12．A
imposition : n.强人所难 impose: v.
Do not impose your idea on me. 不要把你的想法强加给我 imprint: 印记，印痕
give sb a (deep) impression: 给某人印象 have impact
eg: what he said give me a deep impression what he said has a deeply impact. 注意动词搭配
Lesson 43 Fully Insured 全保险
New words and expression 生词和短语 Insure v.投保
=make a contract that promises to pay a sum of money in case of accident,damage,loss,etc.
Insure sb/sth against 给某人或某物保险，以防万一 —Employer must insuer their employees against Insurance n.保险
Insurance company 保险公司 同意词：
assure v.向……保证，使确信，它的宾语一定是人
--I assure you that I’ll bring your happiness. ensure:保证，确保，宾语可以是物
--Hard work can ensure our success. guarantee:担保 --I can guarantee the watch for ten months.
recover ① vi.使得到补偿，弥补=make up for ,compensate for ② vt,康复 获得什么
--regain one's courage 重新获得勇气 recover our courage 恢复勇气
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recover from
--Nothing can recover our health. 同义词： regain:经过努力而
accident.
--He regained/recovered his enthusiasm. restore 恢复(健康,原状)vt
--He has been restored. --He has recoverd.不及物 heal vt.治愈（创伤，伤口） --His wound has healed.
admittedly adv.公认地=we are admitting that inevitably 不可避免地
--Admittedly he is a great person.
purchase vt.买（比 buy 要正式，主要用于书面语，还可以是名词）
--Can you purchase freedom with money?
--Yesterday I bought a tie,that look terrible. purchase money 买进价格
purchasing power 购买力
not worth a day’s purchase.危在旦夕
--His life is not worth a day’s purchase. annual a.一年一度的 teenager n.(13 至 19 岁）的青少年
capsize vi.(船)翻
--The ship capsized because of the rough wave.
shiver v.打颤，发抖=tremble
整体的颤抖用 shiver,部分的用 tremble --His hands are trembling.
--His trembling voive betrayed his secret. --He is shivering with cold.
shudder 因为寒冷害怕等因素导致的全身抖动,可替换 shiver
Haul v.拖曳=pull with effort our force 强调用力拉 --They
同义词：
pull 应用范围最广,连续不断的拉 drag 拖拉,强调二者有摩擦力
--The stone was so heavy that I had to drag it into the room. --After a day’s hard work,I dragged myself home. drag oneself to 拖着疲惫的身躯去
tug 飞快地拖拉,强调幅度大，动作快 --Look,a thief tug the bicycle. tow 借助外力拖拉较大较重的物体 --They towed the huge stone with a truck/lorry.
pauled the boat up
the beach.
agonizing a.精神紧张的，提心吊胆的 agonize v.使精神紧张，使极度痛苦
---This frustration agonized him. agonized 感到提心吊胆的 agony n.=great pain 极度痛苦，常用介词 in 在英文中需注意意境，如
---At the news he is an agony of joy.听到这个消息，他感到极度的高兴。
perch vi.位于（高处）be on the hige position perch on 栖息 ---A brid perched on the branch of the tree of the moment. ---The little village perches among the hills. knock sb off his
perch 打败，击败
---I knocked him off his perch yesterday.
knock sb off 不再骄傲自大
---Put your pride in your pocket.不要妄自尊大 ---After his failure,he came off his perch. 同义词：
stand v.高高地矗立
Look,a great tree stands on the mountain.
locate ,situate 是正式用语，vt. be located/situated＋介词＝lie
☆precariously adv.危险地，不稳固地
precarious adj. =unsafe,not firm,not steady :强调不安全，不稳定，不稳固
---An actor's life would be too precarious for me.演员的生活很不稳定。 同义词： dangerous:强调很危险
---Playing with matches is dangerous.
hazardous 碰运气的，冒险的,具变幻莫测之义
---Climbing the high mountain is hazardous. adventruous:爱冒险的，胆子很大的 ---Are you adventurous?
perilous :语义程度比 dangerous 要高得多，强调被伤害或被伤害或被杀害的危险
---It is perilous to do so.这样做会丢命的！
overbalance v.失去平衡
clamp n.夹钳，夹板
his perch 打败，击败
---I knocked him off his perch yesterday. come off one’s perch
vertically adv.垂直地－－ vertical adj.
反义词：horizontally 平行地－－horizontal adj.平等的 －－－I draw a line horizontally,and I draw another line vertically.
torrent n.激流，洪流
rebound v 弹回
－－－The ball is rebounded.
Notes on the Text 课文
Insuring public or private property is a standard practice in most countries in the world.
---This practice is accepted and it is acceptable.
insuring 动名词做主语，具名词地功能也具动词的特点。
If, however,you were holding an open air garden party or a fete it would be
equally possible to insure yourself in the event of bad weather. eqully=alike,in the same way in the event of=in case of
---In the event of being sick,you'd better not go to the party.为防生病，你最好不要去参加那个 party 了。 in the event that
---You must work harder and harder in the event that you get the frustration.
---In the event that you will get the frustration you must work harder and harder.
Needless to say,the bigger the risk an insurance company takes,the higher
the premium you will have to pay. needless to say,插入语 the more……the more……
---The older you get,the more belongings you will accumulate.年龄越大你积攒的东西就越多。 take the risk 冒险，承担
It is not uncommon to hear that a shipping company has made a claim for the
cost of salvaging a sunken ship.
it is not uncommon to hear=it is quite common,双重否定用于强调语气
1、not＋否定 adj
is not unreasonable
2、not＋without
I can't live without you.
两个 no 都是用来修饰限定名词
water
proved to be a serious problem.
difficulty 不可数名词，费力；可数名词，各种困难的事情 have little difficulty in h 毫不费力 have much difficulty 很费力
haul 从下往上拖；drag 平行的拖拉，接触面的拖拉
The sides of the dish were so smooth that it was almost impossible to
attcach hawsers and chains to the rim without damaging it. it was almost impossible…… attach to
attach＝tie 栓，系 rim=the sides of the dish
Eventually chains were fixed to one end of the dish and a powerful winch was put into operation.
eventually=at last 语气比 at last 强烈的多，重点强调经过努力而终于如何
终于：强调失败的结果用 in the end
表示成功用 at last ，eventually finally 只表示顺序的最后 put into operation=use
For one agonizing monent,the dish was perched precariously on the bank of
the canal,but it suddenly overvalanced and slid back into the water.
precariously=unsteady,unfirmly slide back into 回复老样子
The men were now obliged to try once more. be obliged to do=be forced to do
The dish now had to be lifted vertically because one edge was resting
against the side of the canal. lift 提起，吊起，由低到高的动作 rest against 依靠，紧靠
There was a danger that the wave would rebound off the other side of the
bank and send the dish plunging into the water again. that the wave ……为同位语从句修饰 danger 55
3、no＋not/no ＋no
---There is no cat that doesn't like fish. ---There is nothing he can't do.
---He does't have any meals without meat.
---There is no rule that has no exception/that doesn't have exception. make a claim 提出索赔要求
But the claim made by a local authority to recover the cost of salvaging a
sunker jpie dish must surely be unique. unique＝very much particular 独一无二 recover＝make up for 弥补
Slef-discipline required a sedulous work.需要作出艰苦努力的自我约束。 句中 to 做 claim 的定语，不能 in order to 用替换。 But the .claim
---From finding a right place to put the lastest edition. ---From finding the right place for us to put the latest edition.
这是一项可以使你学好英语的计划。
---This is a good plan for you in order to learn English well.(×） ---This is a good plan for you to learn English well.
The pie committee dicided that the best way to transport the dish would be by canal
the best way to do sth.做某事的最好办法
Dancing proved to be more than the dish coule bear,for during the party it capsized and sank
The pie committee telephoned a local garage owner who arrived in a recovery to salvage the pie dish.
此处 to 可用 in order to 替换
They had little difficulty in finding it,but hauling it out of the
in seven feet of water.
动名词＋prove（to be) more than……
was made by a local authority in order to
recover the cost of ……
rebound off 弹回
send 造成，使得＋ving（做宾语补足语） ---What send you doing so?什么使得你怎么做呢？
---If the huge wave had rebounded off the other side of the bank,the pie
dishi would have been sent to
water.如果当时大浪从对岸折回来的话，这个盘子就会重新落入水中。
---If the huge wave had rebounded off the bank,it would
have sent dish plunging into the water again.
By workong at tremendous speed ,the men managed to get the dish on to dry
land before the wave returned.
manage to do =be able to to,succeed in doing
--The ship capsized because of the rough wave. Shiver v.打颤，发抖=tremble
整体的颤抖用 shiver,部分的用 tremble --His hands are trembling.
--his trembling voive betrayed his secret. --He is shivering with cold.
shudder 因为寒冷害怕等因素导致的全身抖动,可替换 shiver
Haul v.拖曳=pull with effort our force 强调用力拉
--The pauled the boat pu the beach. pull 应用范围最广,连续不断的拉 Drag 拖拉,强调二者有摩擦力
The stone was so heavy that I had to drag it into the room. After a day’s
hard work,I dragged myself home. drag oneself to 拖着疲惫的身躯去 tug 飞快地拖拉,强调幅度大，动作快 --Look,a thief tug the bicycle.
tow 借助外力拖拉较大较重的物体 They towed the huge stone with a truck/lorry.
agonizing a.精神紧张的，提心吊胆的 agonize v.使精神紧张，使极度痛苦 This frustration agonized him.
56
other side of the
agonized 感到提心吊胆的
agony n.=great pain 极度痛苦，常用介词 in 在英文中需注意意境，如
At the news he is an agony of joy.听到这个消息，他感到极度的高兴。
perch vi.位于（高处）be on the hige position perch on 栖息 A brid perched on the branch of the tree of the moment. The little village
perches among the hills.
stand v.高高地矗立
Look,a great tree stands on the mountain.
Locate ,situate 是正式用语，vt be located/situated＋介词＝lie Knock sb off his perch 打败，击败
--I knocked him off his perch yesterday. Come off one’s perch 不再骄傲自大
Put your pride in your pocket.不要妄自尊大 After his failure,he came off his perch.
☆precariously adv.危险地，不稳固地
precarious =unsafe,not firm,not steady :强调不安全，不稳定，不稳固
An actor’s life would be too precarious for me.演员的生活很不稳定。
dangerous:强调很危险
Playing with matches is dangerous.
hazardous 碰运气的，冒险的,具变幻莫测之义 Climbing the high mountain is hazardous. adventruous:爱冒险的，胆子很大的 Are you adventurous?
perilous :语义程度比 dangerous 要高得多，强调被伤害或被伤害或被杀害的危险
It is perilous to do so.这样做会丢命的！
overbalance v.失去平衡 clamp n.夹钳，夹板 Vertically adv.垂直地 adj vertical
反义词：horizontally 平行地－－horizontal
I draw a line horizontally,and I draw another line vertically. Vertical Horizontally
torrent n.激流，洪流
adv.平行地
Horizontal a.平等的
rebound v 弹回 The ball is rebounded.
Text 课文
Insuring public or private property is a standard practice in most countries in the world.
This practice is accepted and it is acceptable.
insuring 动名词做主语，具名词地功能也具动词的特点。
If, however,you were holding an open air garden party or a fete it would be
equally possible to insure yourself in the event of bad weather. eqully=alike,in the same way in the event of=in case of
In the event of being sick,you'd better not go to the party.为防生病，你最好不要去参加那个 party 了。 in the event that
You must work harder and harder in the event that you get the frustration.
In the event that you will get the frustration you must work harder and harder.
Needless to say,the bigger the risk an insurance company takes,the higher
the premium you will have to pay. needless to say,插入语 the more……the more……
The older you get,the more belongings you will accumulate.年龄越大你积攒的东西就越多。 take the risk 冒险，承担
It is not uncommon to hear that a shipping company has made a claim for the
cost of salvaging a sunken ship.
it is not uncommon to hear=it is quite common,双重否定用于强调语气
1、not＋否定 adj 2、not＋without
is not unreasonable I can't live without you.
两个 no 都是用来修饰限定名词
There is nothing he can't do.
He does't have any meals without meat.
There is no rule that has no exception/that doesn't have exception. make a claim 提出索赔要求
But the claim made bu a local authority to recover the cost of salvaging a
sunker jpie dish must surely be unique. unique＝very much particular 独一无二 recover＝make up for 弥补
Slef-discipline required a sedulous work.需要作出艰苦努力的自我约束。 句中 to 做 claim 的定语，不能 in order to 用替换。
From finding a right place to put the lastest edition. From finding the right place for us to put the latest edition. 这是一项可以使你学好英语的计划。
This is a good plan for you in order to learn English well.(×） This is a good plan for you to learn English well.
The pie committee dicided that the best way to transport the dish would be by canal
the best way to do sth.做某事的最好办法
Dancing proved to be more than the dish coule bear,for during the party it capsized and sank
The pie committee telephoned a local garage owner who arrived in a recovery
to salvage the pie dish.
此处 to 可用 in order to 替换
They had little difficulty in finding it,but hauling it out of the water
proved to be a serious problem.
difficulty 不可数名词，费力；可数名词，各种困难的事情 have much difficulty 很费力
haul 从下往上拖；drag 平行的拖拉，接触面的拖拉 57
in seven feet of water.
动名词＋prove（to be) more than……
3、no＋not/no ＋no
There is no cat that doesn't like fish.
The sides of the dish were so smooth that it was almost impossible to
attcach hawsers and chains to the rim without damaging it. it was almost impossible…… attach to
attach＝tie 栓，系 rim=the sides of the dish
Eventually chains were fixed to one end of the dish and a powerful winch was
put into operation.
eventually=at last 语气比 at last 强烈的多，重点强调经过努力而终于如何 终于：强调失败的结果用 in the end 表示成功用 at last ，eventually finally 只表示顺序的最后 put into operation=use
For one agonizing monent,the dish was perched precariously on the bank of
the canal,but it suddenly overvalanced and slid back into the water.
precariously=unsteady,unfirmly slide back into 回复老样子
The men were now obliged to try once more. be obliged to do=be forced to do
The dish now had to be lifted vertically because one edge was resting
against the side of the canal. lift 提起，吊起，由低到高的动作 rest against 依靠，紧靠
There was a danger that the wave would rebound off the other side of the
bank and send the dish plunging into the water again. that the wave ……为同位语从句修饰 danger rebound off 弹回
send 造成，使得＋ving（做宾语补足语） What send you doing so?什么使得你怎么做呢？
If the huge wave had rebounded off the other side of the bank,the pie dishi
would have been sent to water.如果当时大浪从对岸折回来的
58
话，这个盘子就会重新落入水中。
If the huge wave had rebounded off the other side of the bank,it would have
sent dish plunging into the water again.
By workong at tremendous speed ,the men managed to get the dish on to dry
land before the wave returned.
manage to do =be able to to,succeed in doing
Lesson 44 Speed and comfort 速度和舒适
New words and expression 生词和短语 s 生词短语
positively adv. 绝对地，完全地 in positive way.
the food is positively uneatable
can you really do it positively? 相当于 sure, of course, certainly, no problem.
compartment
stuffy adj. 憋气的，闷气的 同义词: airless
monotonous adj. 枯燥的，乏味的
I don't like the way of your teaching, it is monotonous. I hate the monotonous rhythm of travelling by train. 同义词：
tendious 乏味的，重点突出 long and uninteresting. dull = interesting
I can't get along well with Mary, she is a dull girl. Look at that dull person.
tiresome = tiring 由于疲劳而厌倦
He is tried of sleeping on the floor, because he has done so for ten years.
Long lasting meeting are tiring. You are a little bit tiresome. I am tired of doing so. --> be tired of
n. 分隔间或单间
cramped adj.窄小的
I am bored with doing so. --> be bored with rhythm
click v. 发出咔哒声
lull v. 催人欲睡
The mother lulled her baby to sleep. --> lull sb to sleep.
What a good day, the wind lulled! 风和日利 lullaby 催眠曲
snatch n. 短时，片段 in snatches 断断续续地 It rains in snatches.
On the train, we sleep in snatches.
sleeper n. 卧铺
fumble v.乱摸，摸索
He fumbled the door open. 他摸索着把门打开了。
He fumbled in his pocket for the key. 他在口袋里摸索着钥匙。
inspection n.检查
inevitably adv. 必然地
Human beings are motal,so inevitably we make mistakes,no matter how wise and eminent you are.
destination n.目的地
exhaust v.使精疲力尽
I am exhausted. 我筋疲力尽了
What exhaustes you? 什么使你筋疲力尽呀？ I am tired out. 同义词
wear out 使疲劳，使磨损
Look, your dress is worn out. 瞧，你的衣服穿坏了 After a day's work hard, I am worn out. knock sb out
把某人打昏，使疲劳
That's a miracle that the old lady knocked the boxer out. The arduous work knocked me out. 这项艰难的工作使我筋疲力尽。
fatigue 使筋疲力尽，使疲劳（书面）
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n. 有节奏的运动
The piece of work fatigues me.
motorway n.快车道
ferry n. 渡船 cruise n.巡游船 civilize v.使文明 spacioius adj. 宽敞的 Is your classroom spacious?
Our classroom is not so spacious as that one.
I would like to lie in the spacious classroom instead of sitting here.
同义词：rommy a roomy house capacious 容量大的 capacity 容量
commodious 宽敞的，便利的 roomy and conventient The cinema is commodious = The cinema is both roomy and convenient.
expansive 易膨胀的，广阔的
I'd like to appreciate expansive sea/ocean. 我喜欢欣赏浩瀚的海洋
vast 幅员辽阔的
The desert in our country is vast, that is a major problem extensive 广泛的，广阔的
intensive reading 精读
流传广的，分布广的
extensive reading 泛读
You can enlarge your vocabulary by intensive reading. widespread
The kind of news is widespread. far-reaching 触及很远的，流传久远的 I have a good idea and it is far-reaching.
seasick adj.晕船的 airsick 晕飞机的/ carsick bussick
晕公交车的
bicyclesick 晕自行车的 homesick 想家的。
intimidate v.恐吓，恫吓 Nothing can intimidate me.
disadvantage n.短处，缺点
exhilarating adj. 使人高兴的
I'm exhilarated by your visit. 对于你的来访我是高兴极了。 同义词：
stimulate 刺激，激励
stimulate sb to do sth.
inspire sb to do
Your courage stimulated me to do so. inspire 激励（通过言辞） stir 鼓舞，鼓动
Who stired you to do it like this? You
晕车的
should look before you
leap. spur 刺激His rude remarks spured me.
encourage He always encourages me to study hard when I am unwilling to do so. escapist n.逍遥者
sip v.呷， drink a little at a time. ---> take a sip of 喝一点
I'm really thirsty, would you mind me taking a sip of your coffee? I'm so
hungry that I want to have a taste of your cake. You can take a me.
champagne n.香槟酒
refinement n.精心的安排 refine 使人精力充沛 Coffee always refined us.
Coffee always made us fresh.
breathtaking adj. 激动人心的
The picture takes my breath. 这幅画太美了。 The girl takes my breath.
The beautiful dress takes my breath. decide to go for a trip 决定旅行
We decided to go for a breathtaking trip.
soar v.高飞
We can't soar in the blue sky.
effortlessly adv. 不费力地
landscape n.景色 同义词：
scenery 自然风光 secne 场面 景色
Our classroom doesn't have a good view. The rising sun in Tai Mountain is a spectacle.
fresh adj. 精神饱满的 a fresh man
Look at that guy, he is really fresh.
uncrumpled adj. 没有跨下来 He went home fresh and uncrumpled.
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view 透过窗户看到的
=
extraordinary sight
sip of my coffee, but my cake only belongs to
Notes on the Text 课文注释 现在分词短语修饰 people People who travel long distance frequently. frequently 定期地，经常地 quite often
have to decide = have to make up their mind.
would rather; would sooner 要和动词原形搭配
had better do 最好做... would perfer to do. would rather do.
hardly + anyone 等不定式时不倒装，在这相当于 nobody; 或 nearly nobody, virtually nobody.
---------------------------------------------------- exhausted 在这里是形容词做状语
wear out; tire out' fatigue; knock out
The writer emphasizes disadvantage of travelling by train. Travelling by
car is more unpleasant than travelling in the train. fairly 的语气最弱的
more often than not 主要用在书面语言当中，means very often ,usually, frequently
by comparison 通过对比 off = provide
comforts 在这儿指代 service be likely to do 有可能... it is probable that
could not be + 形容词比较级 can not be + 形容词比较级 no ... could be
Nobody can be more beautiful than you.
No place can/could be better. 没有什么地方比这儿更好。
relatively 相对来讲
A large number of people are prepared to sacifice their higher
pay for the privilege of becoming white collar.
Relatively, few people are prepared to sacifice their holiday fime for the
dubious pleasure of travelling by sea. dubious = uncertian = doubtful
Aeroplanes are famous/well-known for its being dangerous.
have the disadvantage of have the reputation of
match sb for
but nothing can be equal to them.
在第二部分当中是采用对比法
It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey. You don't have to/needn't devise ways of taking your mind off the journey. hardly
You had hardly had time to feel tired when you arrived at your destination.
on some services 在这里指代 on airplane.
keep one's mind off 转移注意力 keep sb occupied 集中注意力 however = no matter how
If you can do without the few pleasures of travelling by land, you will
find aeroplanes provide us with the best.
Please illustrate the disadvantage and advantage of studying abroad.
at first, you must illustrate your topic, the disadvantage of studying at
home. the disvantage of studying abroad 最后通过实例详细论述出国留学的好处。
支持段一般是由一段或两段组成，目的是支持论点。 每段的开头一句话和最后一句话一定要和主题密切联系。 最主要的方法有三种： 对比法，比较法，例证法
结尾段起到的作用是再次肯定和强调主题，加深读者印象。 段落是由主题句，扩展句组成。 扩展句之后是具体的例子。 想表达不同的理论概念，要用转折句。
主题句应该要简练，要明确地表达中心思想。 主题句应该具有概括性，但是概括又不能太宽泛。 主题句确立之后，还要进一步利用扩展句来说明解释主题句的内容。 重复使用关键词。
内容要连贯。 衔接词的使用
1、起。 at first ,first, firstly, in the beginning, first of all at present, nowaday, currently, to start with, to begin with, for one thing
for another, in one hand, in the other hand.
2、承。 to start with; at the same time; at any rate; besides;
61
apart from; in addition;
in addition to; furthermore; in fact; actually; as a matter of fact; in reality;
moreover; no doubt; without any doubt; similarly; in the same way; meanwhile;
in the meantime; obviously; particularly; such as; for example; for instance;
consequently; as a consequence; as a result; what is more; what is better;
3、折。 after all; all the same; anyway; somehow; but; however; nevertheness; nonetheless;
conversely; by this time; on the contray; despite; in despite of; in contempt of; in disregard of; by contrast; by comparison; fortunately;
in other words; on the other hand; unlike; whereas; 4、合。 主要是用来小结上文的或是用做结尾段。 accordingly; as has been noted(above); as has been mentioned; as has been talked of;
at last; finally; lastly; at length; briefly; in brie; in short; in a word; in conculsion; in sum; in summary; to sum up; to summarize; to conclude;
no doubt; undoubtedly; truly; certainly; positively; surely; obviously; on the whole;
可以使用谚语作为 topic as the saying goes; as proverb goes; 定义法 可以使用提问法
比如说： illustrate your opinion about friendship Do you have a good/large circle of friends? 概括法： I quite agree with this idea.
间接开头法： 先叙述别人的观点，然后引出自己的真实看法。
在读文章时 1、注意结构安排 2、找出文章关键词
3、注意每一自然段的段首段尾
Special difficulties 难点
Cramped and stuffy : not roomy, not spacious lacking space, airless,
Lacking space and air Monotonous : unchanging Lulls : cause to sleep In snatches: not continuously Destination : terminal
Destination is a place where someone are going. Stretch your legs: have a rest, go for a walk
Sacrifice: give up for a purpose.
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1、 d
the great disadvantage that shared by train and car travel alike is alike : as well 2、c
荣誉出品 新概念英语（第二版第三册） D. was adored by the rich and poor alike. distraction : 转移注意力 such… as 比如…
He can speak such languages as English, Japanese, Chinese. 3、c
No forms of transport can be more comfortable and faster than aeroplanes. 4、d 5、b 6、a
如果内心的期望和事实没有关系，表达‘如果’采用的结构形式不是 if，不是 suppose，而 是 providing or provided.
I’ll take all the shirts if/provided you reduce the price to $1 each. 7、c
in addition 表示承上启下，除此外还有
如果用 apart from , besides, in addition to , 必须和宾语进行搭配。 It 是形式主语
It is no use crying. 哭没有用。
It is no use pretending that I didn’t see him.. 假装没看见他是没有用的。 8、d
if it is not = if it is not calm
be prone to sth. To 在这是介词，相当于 be likely to do 表
62
示极有可能。
During cold winter, we are likely to catch cold. During cold winter, we are prone to cold. 9、b 10、a
sit up 不睡觉 = stay up install 安装，固定 let’s install a television set on the wall.. 11、c
spectacle = landscape scenery 自然风光 scene 场景 12、b
get over 从…恢复过来 He hasn’t got over his wife’s death
He doesn’t get over his illness. Get away from 从…逃脱掉
Lesson 45 The power of the press 新闻报道的威力
New words and expression 生词和短语
democratic adj.民主的 democratic country 民主的国家 restrict vt.=keep within a certain limit.
--The prisoners’ activity is restricted within narrow limits. 辨析
limit 表示时间,空间,程序等方面的限定,且限定到某一个点,如果超出这个点很可能受到惩 罚。 restrict 只说明范围
--Land development must be limited.我们必须土地的开发。
--He restricts himself to two cigarettes everyday.他每天自己抽两只烟。 restrict sb to
confine v.控制在……范围内 confine sb.to
--I confine myself to two cigarettes a day. --The boy is confined to the dark room. --The boy is restricted to the dark room.
cramp vt.（某人的活动或动植物的生长） --Nobody can cramp children.
--You can not cramp my activity. hamper v.，妨碍,困累 --What hampered you to do so?
--The housewife has a lots to do every day,because she is hampered by
povert 被贫困所困扰。
--My limited vocabulary hampers my reading. impede 制，阻碍（相当于 hamper） impede doing sth
v.
限
--Nothing will impede my studying English. bound v.限定，以……为界限 abuse v.滥用
--Don’t abuse your authority.不要乱用职权。
--We shouldn’t abuse oue rights.不要乱用自己的权力。 --For VIP,they shouldn’t abuse their privilege. untold
a.=too many to be counted 数不尽的
--There are untold stars in the sky.
--I am afflicted by/with untold anxieties. numerous a.无数的 countless a.无数的
--As hunma being ,we can’t keep ourselves free from countless anxieties.
countable:can be counted uncountable
numberless 无数的，没有房号的 --This is a numberless room. numberable 数得清的 innumberable 不能数得清的
perpetual a.永久的，永远的(不休止的，一直持续下去的,用于不易受阻的)
--They are as poor as church mouse, they are have to struggle against
perpetual poverty. permanent eternal everlasting --Lasting for a long time
constant a.连续的，不断的(perpetual 最好的释义) constantly adv.连续不断地 continuous a.连续不断的 --They have continuous discussion.
--They made great success in their continuous attempt. continual
a.频繁的 continually adj. --It rains continually .
--It is raining continuously/constantly. lasting
a.(书面上用 everlasting)持久的，耐久的
a.
--The pair of trousers is lasting.
--Generally speaking ,jeans are lasting. endless --You can appreciate endless unbroken clouds. --Studing English is our perpetual(endless) task. eternal
a.永恒的，永久的，不朽的（=immortal）
--His name is immortal because the longest suspension bridge was named for
him. temporary a.临时的 permanent a.非临时的，永久的
--In a big city, sometimes we can not get permanent job. obscurity n.默默无闻
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a.
In obscurity obscure radically
adj.不起眼的 adv.
彻
底
地
，
完
全
地
--The bus stopped at a obscure bus stop. =Completely,entirely,thoroughly,fully,inclusive
exclusive a.独占的，独家的；排外的，排他的(not shared with others)
--The swimming pool is for my exclusive use. exclusive right 独权
--The school is exclusive ,only very clever children can go to it. --The store is exclusive, only very wealthy people can visit it. commodity n.商品
--commodity econnomy 商品经济 commodity market 商品市场
goods,wares
Text 课文（全文背诵）
In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of
the press are rightly condemned. effort 企图（语气强烈） try;attempt 尝试
make every effort;spare no effort;make every endeavor go to great iengths
blame 责备 scold reproach reprimand condemn 正式的谴责
deed 行为，行径
--Your deeds should be rightly condemned. However, this freedom can easily be abused.
forest authorites 森林当局 education authorites 教育当局 the authorites 有关当局
the authorites of the press 新闻界当局
Stories about people often attract far more public attention than political events.
According to this sentence,we know we are much more interested in private stories.
Sometimes some people even want to smell out people’s secrets or particular
scandals. far 相当于 much 加强语气
Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, it is extremely
doubtful whether we
would equally enjoy reading about ourselves. lives of others 替代 story about people
extremely doubtful=extremely uncertain=extremely dubious --If a family skeleton is reviewed,one’s reputation will be
damaged/destroyed/spoiled/ruined immediately. equally=in the same way=alike
--We wouldn’t like our secret to be reviewed.
Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can
cause untold suffering to
individuals by publishing details about their private lives.(要点句型)
When stories published in detalls by the press are wonderful,you will
become famous very soon.
If the story is terrible,your reputation will be ruined immediately. act on
以。。。来行事，遵循。。。来行事
that 引导的部分是 contention 的同位语从句
Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major
changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a government. exert…on sth
--bring about 带来，导致 --lead to --cause --result in
major:great,considerable
--In the first paragraph the writer illustrate how powerful the press is in the general way.
The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight,
dramatically illustrates the power of the press. acquire=gain=obtain --acquire gortune 发财 --make fortune
The family lived in Aberdeen, a small town of 23,000 inhabitants in South Dakota.
inhabitant=dweller
--the city dweller 城市居住者 --the country dweller 乡村居住者
They were expecting their sixth child and faced with even more pressing
economic problems. expect a baby
in the interesting condition in the family way pregnant
be faced with 面临
--The window faces the south.窗户朝南。
--In the process of studing English,We are faced with a great
many problems,which should be surmounted. surmount 克服 solve problem 解决问题
--In the process of studing English,We are faced with a great
many problems,which should be surmounted/got rid of/removed as quickly as possible.
economic problem=poverty pressing 紧迫的
If they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed. They would have
continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity.
虚拟语气，与过去事实相反的状况 unnoticed 形容词做状语 odds n.各种让人烦的小事
bear 容忍，生育 born 是 bear 的过去分词 attract the attention of the press
The rise to the fame is swift.=Their being famous was rapid. Newspapers and magazines offered the family huge sums for the
exclusive rights to publish stories and photographs.
huge sums=huge sums of money care of 关心
Reporters kept pressing for interviews so lawyers had to be
employed to act as spokesmen for the family at press conferences.
press for=demand 形象地表达出不停的催问
--The students kept pressing for examinations. Vocabulary restrict:(restrict to)
--confine(confine to),limit equally:同样地
--alike,in the same way/degree contention:论点 --argument
untold:数也数不清的
--countless,uncountable,numerous,innumerable,numberless acquired:以获得的 --got,gained,obtained
perpetual struggle:永无休止的斗争 --fight
in obscurity:默默无闻的，不出名的 --not being well-known Comprension
1…b…. The argue that affect:负面的影响
Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can
cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives.(背熟) contention=argue 2…d…
3…d…take interest in Structure 结构
4…b…结构比较要一致 be interested in… 5…a…标志是 but Ænot only…but
b: not only 用在句首，句子必须倒装 can they
c: such that they cannot only：not only 用在动词之前并倒装:not only can they d:so
修饰形容词或副词，如果强调的是一个主干的名词部分，用 such
6…a…被动语态
7…b…remain(系动词)不能用进行时态，系动词不能接动词不定式 8…a…
9…d...bring about=wield press:榨汁；熨烫；按住，压住(n.)出版，发行 invoke:求助，祈求 impose:强加于人 wield:造成
10…c…make repeated requests for=pressing for:不断的催问，要求
11…c…on behalf of:代表
instead of:代替 on account of=because offor the sake of:出于。。。的缘故
12…a…商品化的牺牲者(victim)
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lingyu5758 祝大家学习进步！！！
Lesson 47 Too high a price 代价是否太高
New words and expression 生词和短语 pollution n..污染
相应词型: pollute, polluted, pollution, polluter More and more water is been polluted.
Pollution is the major problem we are faced with.
Gases from cars are one of the polluters of air pollution. Contaminate
taint defile pollute poison
overpopulated adj.人口多的 overpeopled
sparsely-populated community 人口稀疏的地区 sparsely-peopled population 人口数量
What’s the population in your country? The city has a population of two million.
Our dear motherland is faced with a major problem that is population
explosion. 人口暴长
populous adj. 正式，强调一个地区人口众多，拥挤 The bus here is crowded, so I decide to switch for the next one. The narrow
street is populous with people.
The most populous province in China is SiChuan. over-industrialized 1. 2.
pure unmixed steep
adj.过度工业化的
sheer adj.纯粹的，不掺杂的
It is very difficult for us to climb sheer mountain. The cliff is so sheer
that you can’t climb it. 3. 4.
complete transparent
What are you talking about sheer nonsense?
During hot summer, ladies and girls would like to wear sheer silk stockings.
worldwide adv.在全世界 overwhelm v.制服，使不知所措 He was overwhelmed by grief. 悲伤至极 Grief seized him.
Your kindness quite overwhelms me. （I appreciates your
kindness.）
The problem overwhelmes (is beyond/above) me.
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荣誉出品 新概念英语（第二版第三册）
辨析： conquer 征服，占领，克服 He conquered the city. 口头上表达克服困难：overcome, get rid of (difficulties) 书面语 insurmountable 艰难的 vanquish 征服，暗含击败含义 pollute 肥料
salmonella n.沙门氏菌 listeria n.利斯特杆菌 vegetarian n.吃素的人 organically-grown 培植）
insidious adj.暗中为害的 urban burglar
profound adj.极度的 替换词： deep, complete
Yesterday he had a profound sleep. intense, extreme He is afflicted with profound anxieties. knowledgable He is a profound scholar. irritation n.烦躁 irritate 使烦躁
noises always irritate us. irritated 感到烦躁的 irritating 令人烦躁的
incessantly adv.连续不断的
perpetual struggle, permanent job, eternal love, continuance rain,
continual, continually, constant struggle incessant =continuous 侧重连续不断的
It has been raining incessantly for 3 hours. There is a week of incessant rains.
ceaseless =endless, none stop, unbroken uninterrupted Last night I had an uninterrupted party.
He gave us a talk uninterrupted. Undisturbed
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adj.城市的
n.窃贼 burgle v.入室偷窃 burgle into a v.尖叫 scream at
adj.有机培植（不施化肥和其他化学药品
v.污染 pesticide
n.杀虫剂 fertilizer
n.
whine
v.发呜呜声 helicopter
n.技术
n.直升飞机 maximum
adj.最大的 technology contribution offender n.冒犯者 staggering adj.令人惊愕的
surprise, amaze, astonish, astound, astounding
The old lady reported to the police and they felt astounded/found it staggering. trumpet partner
Text 课文
Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over industrialized planet. (背诵)
I was blamed for being late.
Losing health is the price he paid for his hard work.
When you come to think about it, there are only four ways you can deal with rubbish: dump
it, burn it, turn it into something you can use again, attempt to produce less of it.
利用支持句论述观点 Come to=get to
并列平行结构，突出 deal with，处理，后面用动词而非名词。 There are some good ways to study English well: listen, speak,
read, and write. 用语气强调 study。
There are four good ways to study English: listening, speaking, reading and
writing. 强调 ways。 reuse it recycle it
We keep trying all four methods, but sheer volume of rubbish we
produce worldwide threatens to overwhelm us. (背诵) The writer wants to illustrate if the volume of rubbish is growing everyday, we wouldn’t have a good way to solve the problem. volume=amount threaten to do
The coming earthquake threatens the village. promise 预测好的未来
threaten 预测恶运，坏兆头
v.吹号 n.伙伴
n.贡献 mobile adj.可移动的 snore v.打鼾
house scream
Dark clouds threaten a heavy storm. The sun promises a good day.
It is possible for a rubbish to destroy our world.
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荣誉出品 新概念英语（第二版第三册） overwhelming: something is beyond your control 两自然段衔接自然，由 rubbish 引入其他污染。
The need to produce every increasing quantities of cheap food leads to a
different kind of pollution. (背诵) 不定式 to 做定语表示要发生的 lead to=result in/cause/bring about
The price we pay for cheap food may be already too high. (背诵) If you think you’ll abandon meat and become a vegetarian, you
have the choice of very expensive organically-grown vegetables or a
steady diet of pesticides every time you think you’re eating fresh salads
and vegetables, or just having an innocent glass of water! abandon: 强调被迫放弃 be forced to give up organically-grown vegetables: 绿色蔬菜 every time: whenever
innocent: Water is innocent, but human being pollute them. However, there is an even more insidious kind of pollution that
particularly affects urban areas and invades our daily lives, and that is noise. (背诵)
however: We are quite clear, rubbish, cheap food and vegetable
are terrible, but there is more dangerous pollution in front of you.
Insidious: 暗中为害，阴险的，这里强调更严重的
Burglar alarms going off at any time of the day or night serve only to
annoy passers-by and actually assist burglars to burgle. going off 作定语修饰说明 burglar alarms 换成定语从句
Burglar alarms that go off at any time of the day or night
serve only to annoy passers-by and actually assist burglars to burgle.
assist, annoy 平行，to 不必重复
67
Car alarms constantly scream at us in the street and are a source of
profound irritation. (背 诵) constantly, incessantly, continuously
不用 lead to，用了比较规范的书面用语 are a source of Her husband earns a lot of money every mouth and he is a source of income. 摇钱树
The survey revealed a large number of sources of noise that we really
dislike. （背诵） 综述 语句
列举一系列事实时，注意句式结构保持一致，与之相呼应的词：sources of noise，所以用名 词结构
lawn mower: 割草机 container trucks: 集装箱卡车 New technology has also made its own contribution to noise. (背诵)
According to this sentence, the writer illustrates another cause. make contribution to: In fact, the writer wants to say, new
technology had also led to/result in noise. 从讽刺反面的角度去表述的
contribute to: 引起，导致，是….的起因
Air pollution contributes to disease. Object to/take objection to/against
Loud conversations on mobile phones invade our thoughts or
interrupt the pleasure of
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荣誉出品 新概念英语（第二版第三册） meeting friends for a quiet chat. (背诵)
According to these examples, the writer wants to show why mobile phone is one source of noise.
The noise pollution survey revealed a rather surprising and possibly
amusing old fashioned source of noise.
The air pollution survey revealed that in the world there are 10
big cities have been polluted terribly, and one of them is China. It turned out to be snoring! turn out :prove
Men were found to be the worst offenders. offend: 惹怒
offender: 罪魁祸首
采用被动语态：客观描述，而非突出人发现 It is said… 据说 It is revealed… 据纰漏 It is announced… 据宣布
20% of men in their mid-thirties/in their early thirties/in their thirties/in their late thirties. against these figures Comparing these figures, we found…
are woken: 被惊醒 keep awake: 不能入睡
Whatever the source of noise, one thing is certain: silence, it
seems, has become a golden memory. (背诵) 综述，对第三段的概括与总结 与 Lesson 44, page 204, line 28 对比：
However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain… 要求背诵的语句，都不是具体的实例，而是综述 Vocabulary 词汇
dump: drop completely sheer: volume: pure amount rubbish: garbage
lead to: result in, cause, bring about
dairy: a place where milk is kept and milk product are made abandon: give up
organically-grown: using farming or gardening methods without artificial
chemicals or fertilizer
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1. 2.
c b
7. a
people traveling around the world (lesson 44) quite often 不表示正在进行，而表示主动的动作
people who travel around the world quite often 8. 9.
a c (背诵) 强调句式
原文中用 make contribution to play an important role/part in sth. do its bit: 尽本分做应该做的
do a share: 做好分内的工作 10. c
原文中用 object to take exception against/to offend: 冒犯、触怒、使不舒服 take offence at sb./sth. 11. a （背诵）
显露出来：bring sth. to light 及物动词短语 不及物动词短语
The information came to light.
It was the captain who brought the information to light. 12. b
原文中用 against by comparison by comparison wit sth.
Lesson 48 The silent village 沉默的村庄 New words and expression 生词和短语 Inaccessible inaccessible 某地的道路， entrance 入口
accessible (adj) :easy to get to/ easy to understand Heavy snow made the village inaccessible 山村。 使某事成为可能
整理发布：kaiziliu
make it
impossible to
do approach
接近 approachable 能接近
to traffic. 大雪使车辆无法进入这个小adj 难以接受的，达不到的 adj 难以接受的，达不到的
=entrance,approach
词根 access (n) 通道，通路程，通向……的道路程，进入
come to light
The root cause of pollution in agriculture is the twin pressures to produce
more food and at lower cost. (背诵) root n. 修饰 cause
twin 表示密切相关联的两种压力 3. 4.
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Snoring causes a severe noise problem for women of all ages.（背诵） 5. 6.
a c
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a way to do/of doing
a c
the most distressing 最让人不能集中注意力的
unapproachable 不能接近，无可匹敌的，不能与之相比的 The city is accessible.
只有老师才有机会和那们校长接触 Only teacher have
hospitable adj 好客的
access to the
headmaster.
同= amiable , cordially , faithful , friendly , neighborly ,receptive Hospitable
adj 好客的，强调热情好客/amiable adj
adj 热诚的/faithful
adj
adj 友好的
adj 关于接受的，接纳
亲切的 Cordially,
In this much-travelled world, these are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists. Be accessible
.But people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists ,but
even from
/inaccessible
to do 容易（难以）接近的
忠诚的/Friendly
Neighborly adj 和睦的/Receptive 反= hostile Be
hostile
to 对……有敌意
的，强调一个人比较容易接 纳一些想法和见解
their own
countrymen can be hostile to travellers. Not only form ……but 与相隔绝，老死不相往来
people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists ,but
his offensive remarks.
even
from their own countrymen 定语从句修饰 peple 不与本国同胞相往来的人，也不与外国同胞相接解的人
cut off from 断绝往来 他出国之后和所有朋友断绝往来 He is
n
周围，近邻
在附近 / Vicinity = about 大约 of 大概/附近的居民 inhabitant of
cut off from all his friends
after he
went
abroad.
who are hostile
to
travelers are
form 强调介词，重复解释
from 从……分离,
cut off from :separate from /isolate
对抗性的，敌对的
Hostile----hospitable 不友好的，有敌意的
同= hostile , unfriendly , untagonistic , effensive, aggressive Hostile
adj 不友好的，有敌意的 / Unfriendly---不友好的
Untagonistic I
effensive 进攻性的
took no notice of 我没有理会他的进攻性的语言。 Aggressive 挑衅的 hostile vicinity In In
同= about
the vicinity the vicinity
adj 不友好的，有敌意的
被社会抛弃与世隔绝 Such people
adv 实然地，意外地
Visits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyable–as my wife and I
discovered during a tour through the Balkans.
到真正遥远的山村参观很少给你带来乐趣的，As 引导非限定性定语从句用破折号隔开。 33 课提及。
(n)
倒
塌
第一自然很重要，最好全文背下来。比如 In this much-travelled world；We always assume that
……；who are cut off not only from……but even from。通过这一段我们了解到为什么
偏僻山村的人对人怀有敌意。是因为他们本身已经脱离了这个社会。 These only of 69
attracted many visitors great
interest
, but contained
a
large
of beautifully
,for they were not
v 加快
society.
ones who are cut off from the
the vicinity architectural adj 建筑的/fresco n 壁画/abruptly tramp
v 徒步前进/moor
v
用（绳，链，锚）系船上/ferry v 用渡船运 straggle v 蔓延，散乱分布
dilapidated adj 破旧的，倒塌的 同= battered , broken-down , run down dilapiadated This is /Batter This is sardine
n
沙丁鱼，沙丁鱼罐头/rag adj 破旧衣服adj 不动的
/motionless
a v
Dilapidate v
a
陈旧的，倒塌的
old house.
dilapiadated 撞坏，撞击
lawn mower
使倒塌，使破损/Dilapidation
Battered adj 撞击的/ Broken-down
broke-down
Run down 渐渐变糟，恶化/Run-down 渐渐变恶化的
procession n 行列，成队的人群 / shawl n 围巾，披巾 peer v 凝视，盯着/quicken
Text 课文
architectural
number
preserved
frescoes as well, On the
departure several bus of tourists
descended on the town . Of
great interest before
有意识的
被保存得很漂亮 On the day
Beautifully –preserved several
Taking a path which led out of the town ,we crossed a few
fields until we came to a dense wood came to
a dense
wood 出城影 /
trace its way 继续
向前延伸，trace 跟踪他的路线， 穿过树林，继续向前延伸 make one’s
way out of 挤出出 / fight one’s way 拼出一
wind one’s
way
条路来，杀出一条路
feel one’s way 摸出一条路来 / 蜿蜓曲折
the river wind its way to the sea 这条小何蜿蜓曲折的流向大海。
We tramped through the wood for over two hours until we arrived a deep stream. We
could see that the path continued on the other side. but we had no
idea how we could get across the stream.
表示这条路程继续向前延伸用 continued，相当于 trace its way; on the 无伦次 other side 指小溪的另一岸 but
we had no
get across the stream 。we had no idea 可以改成 we didn’t know
could get across
the stream,
how we
day before loads
our
boatman fast asleep a boat
moored
to
the bank 停在岸边的一艘小一个睡得很香的船夫，asleep 只能
船,moored 过去分词作定语。 a boatman fast asleep
作表语，如果作定语放在修 饰词的后面。Fast 副词修饰 asleep，一个睡得很香的船夫。
Though he was reluctant to do so at first ,we eventually persuaded him to take us
Eventually 替换为 at last，因为毕竟是终于成功的，不要替换成 in the end.
The path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of a
mountain. The place consisted of road which was lined on either side
by small houses.
Perched,是栖息，及物动词过去分词作定语，视为定语从句必须用被动。高高座落在山 坡上的一个小山村
一本题名为如何在一分钟内读 1000 字的书
A book entitled how to read thousands word in the minter
The place consisted of a straggling unmade road which was lined on either side by small houses.
straggling unmade 用来修饰 road, The place consisted of 由什么组成是它的谓语动词，
straggling unmade 用来修饰 road，这个地方是由乱七八糟的未人工修饰的路所组成，on either side 用 either
作定词所修饰的名词必须是单数形式，作起的作用是一个复数概念。on either side = on both side of road
idea how we could which 指代的是 road,，which was 是前面用过 unmade，
为避免重复用定语从句被动语态。
Even under a clear blue sky, the village looked forbidding as all the houses were
built of grey mud bricks .the village seemed deserted
Forbidding 与 inaccessible 相呼应，让人望而却步。 As 改成 for 没有问题。
The village seemed deserted, the only sign of life 70
sides。 On both a straggling unmade
our departure 在我们离开的前一天
bus loads of tourists
好几辆坐满乘客的大巴
how we could get across the stream 是作同位语说明 no idea 的内涵，如果改成 we didn’t
know 是 how 引导的 宾语从句.，无论改成那种语气，后面的语句必须是陈述句，how we could..
Suddenly my wife spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was a
being an
ugly-looking black goat tied
to a tree on a short length of rope in a field nearby.
被废弃的，空空荡荡的。The village seemed deserted 这个村里没人居住，才显得空荡荡 的。the only sign of
life being an ugly-looking black goat tied to a tree on a short length of rope in
a field nearby.这句话没有谓语动词，不是完整的语句，没有连接词，简单句之间用逗号分开，
没有连接词，逗号后面的内容是一个主格结构，进一步对前句作一个补充解释。
the only sign of life 唯一的生命迹象，ugly-looking 喻境的描述十分重要，不喜欢这个村 庄就用 an
ugly-looking black goat,名词和现在分词搭配构成了一个主格结构。对前句进 行补充说明。
All at once,I noticed that my wife seemed to be filled with alarm all 时
Looking up I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us silently as we ate
Looking up，sitting down 现在分词做短语。当我抬起头的时候，I saw 发出的一个动作。in
rags 修饰 children。who were looking at us 引导的定语从句依旧修饰 children
I concluded that they were simply shy of strangers. When we later walked down
我得出一个结论他们只是由于腼腆怕见陌生人。
The village which had seemed deserted, immediately came to life.
和上文的 The village seemed deserted, the only sign of life being an
ugly-looking black goat 相呼 应。上句用 The village seemed deserted，一般过去式。这村庄似乎空无一人，本句中采用 The village which had seemed
deserted，采用过去玩成时，所以为了突出，就在翻译的时候表达成： 似乎刚刚还空无一人的村庄，马上就活过来了。
Men in shirt sleeves stood outside their houses and glared at us.
71
at
once =
almost
immediately
几乎就在同
Old women in black shawls
peered at us from door-ways 看主干 Men
glaredat us，恶狠狠的看着我们。children 用
look at，成年人憎恨心里更强，用
glare at 看，青壮年男子恶狠狠的目光，老太太的眼神很差，看用 peer at，眯着眼睛
The most frightening thing of all was that not a sound could be heard.
平行句式 Men in …old women in…对当时的情形进行描写，所有这些最让人害怕 是 that 引 导的表语从句 not a sound
could be heard 一点声音都听不到，这是他们不能忍受的。.有时候 沉默意味敌意。
There was no doubt that we were unwelcome visitors. There
we needed no further warning 我们不需要别人对我们的警告 further 加强语气。
Turning back down the main street, we quickened our pace and made our way rapidly
towards the stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting. Turning back down 动作由谓语发出来的。所以又沿着主路回去了，我们加快了我们的 脚步，尽快赶回到 made our
way
rapidly towards where 定语修饰 stream
重点复习 现在分词作状语 定语从句 过去分词作定语 looking up taking back
动词 ing 一定要和主句主语保持一致。过去分词作定语 A boat moored to bank
Lesson 49 The ideal servant 理想的仆人
New words and expression 生词和短语 Ramble
vi.闲逛,漫步(troll , go for a walk/have a walk,go for a
stroll/have a stroll);ramble about,
was no doubt = Beyond doubt.毫无疑问
is
no
doubt
any doubts
there was no doubt 毫无疑问=句 here
that/without
漫谈,聊天(talk or write in the disorder way);植物的蔓延生长 They rambled through the wood.
The old lady began to ramble about her youth. The wild rose rambled over the fence. Rambling
Sentimentally
n.情操
n.指某人某时候内心的感受
Feeling As
adv .感情上,多情地,sentiment(n.) Sentiments
a.杂乱无章的
joy ,merriment,fun ,amusement,entertainment,delight ,rapture,glee(欢欣),bliss (极乐)
Text 课文
air one’s views on sth./sb. be attach to 迷上，不可分割的 persist in 坚持，
long before / short before keep free from dust refer to / regard sb. as 把人看成，
She pursues what is fashion in these days. She was extremely difficult to please.
carry on 展开，
put sb. in charge of :安排某人负责
I can’t find words to praise your clothes. 好的无以言表 act the role : play the role be absent from 离开 not only 位于句首，部分倒装 below, above 用 well 修饰
bump into; knock oneself into/onto come to the conclusion draw a conclusion arrive at conclusion reach conclusion jump to conclusion
have a difficult time dong sth.:have trouble/difficulty in doing sth. find one’s way
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 over,
Lesson 50 New Year Resolutions 新年的决心 New words and expression 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用 学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
Resolution
The sentiments of pity 恻隐之心
students ,we must havd noble sentiments.高尚从情操
n.感情
Emotion 情，
Sentimental =emotional Lavishly Lavish
a.慷慨地,大方地（***）
a.挥霍的,浪费的,奢侈的=extravagant ;vt 乱花钱
在某人或某事上乱花钱
I am so worried that you might do it out of sentiments.出于同
lavish money on sb/sth
The lady always lavish her money on beautiful clothes.. Lavish praises on sb.;大肆吹捧=never grudge doing 从未舍不得 Grudge
vt.舍不得给
Lavish care on sb 过度关心/宠爱 Generous a.慷慨大方的 Liberal Prodigal
a.开明的
a.浪费的,挥霍无度的
Wasteful a.浪费的 (反)thrifty,.economical ,frugal immaculate 挥
who will preside at the party?
Yesterday ,my friend visited me ,so I presided at the tea.招待 invisible
Scrub v.擦拭,刷洗(用水,肥皂等擦洗) brush/ polish :擦光、润色 Please scrub your coat.
Polish v.使之闪闪发光,引申为润色(文章) A carefully polish article
Enlightened Unrelenting
a.开明的
a.不屈不挠的,不松不懈的
n.
Fickleness 变化无常的
=Strong-minded(坚强的)+Continuous
Disillusion vt.使幻想破灭 Industriousness n.勤奋 Mirth 欢笑,高兴 Happiness,
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a.清洁的,无污点的 spotless preside at 指
n. the quality of being resolute，决心 take resolution to do sth. / make up
one’s mind to do sth. /
be determined to do sth. / decide to do sth. n. formal decision，决议
同根词 1. Resolve do sth.
vi . resolve to do sth. = take resolution to
--Before we came here ,we resolved to learn English hard. Resolve sb. on
sth. 使某人下定决心做某事 --I resolved him on English study. --Nobody resolved him on this decision. 2. Resolute a.坚决的,果断的
--We must be true in word and resolute in deed.我们必须言必信,行必果.
Mentally adv. 内心里 Compile
vt.编辑,编制(collect information and arrange in a
book (great book/dictionary)) 同义词 Edit
vt .编辑(collect information and arrange in
newspaper or magazine)
--The editor is busing editing the newspaper.
Formidable adj. 令人敬畏的 Occur open the door.
形近词 1. Recur vi .再发生,又出现 occur again 2. Incur to / cause)
--Air pollution incurs some terrible disease.
Regularity n. 规律性
Accomplish vt. 成功地达到目的 accomplish one’s purpose/ goal/ dream/ aim/ work/ task --He accomplish his journey.
同义词 1. Attain vt. 得到,获得(经过艰苦的努力) Attain one’s ambition Get success / attain success Attain to 某人希望达到的成就 attain 成就
--He has attained heights that I can never attain to . --This is the height that I hope to attain to. --This is the height that I have attained. 2. Achieve vt. 达到一定目的时的表现及努力 --This is what he achieved after ten years of hard work.
--We always cherish（珍惜 treasure / value / prize）what we have achieved.
--I feel very happy because you accomplish your dream. 3. Accomplishment 面的成就)
4. Achievement n. (最通俗的说法,可代替 accomplishment) --Such accomplishment is beyond your attainment.
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n. 成就(主要用于修养,才艺,本领等方
某人已经达到的
vt. 导致,招致,造成 (=lead to / result in / give rise vi. happen
--A good idea occurred to me. / It occurred to him that he should
--His attainment is beyond my understanding. --His accomplishment is unexpected to me.
Inveterate adj. 根深蒂固的
Self-improvement Scheme
Ambitious adj. 雄心勃勃的
--Everybody in the modern society must be ambitious. --If you work hard, you can attain your ambition.
Pitfall n. 意外的困难 Modest
--I make New Year resolution and I think them modest. --Be modest is one of our virtues.
Assiduously
--If you study English assiduously, nothing is difficult. Self-discipline Frame
n. 自我约束 n. 躯体 = body
adj. 刻苦的 diligently adj. 要求不过分的;谦虚的
Ambition (中性词)
n. 简单的计划
n. 自我完善
Betray vt. 暴露,显露
--Her face betrayed her nervousness. vt. 出卖,背叛 --I don’t know who betrayed me. Troop 动 Unsettle
v. 使不安
v. 成群结队的走
Taunt vt./ n. 嘲笑,奚落人的话(try to make sb angry or upset by saying unkind remarks)
Taunt sb. with sth. 因为什么原因而讥笑某人
--They taunted him with being poor / poverty, so he felt angry. Make fun of / laugh at
--He is wearing a strange hat ,so we make fun of him. Jeer vi.
Jeer at 嘲笑,戏弄
--We know he is eccentric, but anyway don’t jeer at him. 同义词 1. Mock vt./vi. Mock at 嘲笑 --Mocked (at) by others ,he had my sympathy.
--When the teacher is writing on the blackboard ,naughty boy student mocked
at him. 2. Scoff
vi.
Scoff at (渺视地)嘲笑 pour scorn on
--Don’t scoff at those students who don’t have good accomplishment / mark. 3. Gibe / jibe Gibe at sb. / sth.
--I gibed at him ,in my opinion ,he was dull.
Good-humouredly Wane
--He exerts suttle influence on his children ,but his children are growing
up ,so his influence is waning.
--The moon will wax, the moon will wane.月有阴晴圆缺. 同义词 1. Diminish
vt.减少,缩小(Make smaller in size / amount / number and so on) --The second world war diminished the country’s wealth. vi.渐渐衰退,渐渐减小=wane
--Time will never cause our friendship to diminish / wane. 2. Reduce vt.(数量尺寸等程序)
--If you reduce the price to 10 dollars, I will take it. Reduce to / reduce by
--The shop assistant reduced the price by 10 dollars. 3. Lessen vt.(指数量.价值可能性的)降低
--I agree to your idea that you can climb the tree, but anyway, please
lessen the risk of being hurt / injured.
--That is a good idea, but you must lessen the possibility of failure.
4. Increase / decrease (使数量,程度)减小,降低 --Our interest in English is increasing. --Our interest in clothes is not decreasing.
Hypnotize vt.使朦胧，使欲睡 Undoing to sleep
Text 课文
The Spring Festival is a time for gathering.
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n.毁灭的原因 Screen n.电视机的屏幕 lull sb. vi. 逐渐变小,变弱(becoming less or weaker)
adv. 和气地，心情好的
vi. 嘲弄,挖苦(that is intended to make the
person look silly)
A time for
Mentally, at least, most of us could compile formidable lists of 'dos' and 'don'ts'.
Mentally : at heart
--We become illogical when we decide what can be eaten and what can not be eaten.
The same old favorites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity.
Favorites : resolution Recur : happen / take place
Year in year out : one year after another / year by year day in day out :
one day after another / day by day
We resolve to get up earlier each morning, eat less, find more time to play with the children,
do a thousand and one jobs about the house, be nice to people we don't' like, drive carefully,
and take the dog for a walk every day. resolve to 下定决心
Past experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment.
--It is hard for us to attain some certain attainment.
If we remain inveterate smokers, it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration that results from failure. Inveterate : deep rooted
--Because we have too often experience the frustration, it means nothing to
me. Frustration : disappointment in one’s mind or the feeling that you get
from you failure Result from 由……产生的 Result in : lead to / cause --Failure will result in frustration.
Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our
schemes are too ambitious and
we never have time to carry them out. Carry out : carry off Fail in our efforts / attempt
--We accumulate clutter in an attempt to avoid waste.
We also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to everybody so that we
look even more foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways. Error : mistake
--Even beans have got their black.
--If you often make some common mistake, you will get the frustration. slip
back into : return to the normal way
Aware of these pitfalls, this year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself.
--Keep my resolution to myself : keep my resolution secret --We arrived at our destination exhausted. Exhausted, we arrived at our destination.
--Aware of the importance, I attempt to carry it out.
I limited myself to two modest ambitions: to do physical exercise every
morning and to read more of an evening.
Limit oneself to limit 限定到点 / restrict 限定到范围 Ambitions : New Year resolution --A good beginning is half success.
An all-night party on New Year's Eve provided me with a good
excuse for not carrying out
either of these new resolutions on the first day of the year,
but on the second, I applied myself assiduously to the task.
Apply oneself to / apply one’s time to / apply one’s mind / energy to / be devoted / dedicated to
--In 2002, I shall apply myself to learning English.
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The daily exercises lasted only eleven minutes and I proposed to do them early in the morning before anyone had got up. Propose to do / proposal --I propose to do / I decided to do.
The self-discipline required to drag myself out of bed eleven minutes
earlier than usual was considerable.
Required 与 The self-discipline 是动宾关系
--The self-discipline required to study English hard is considerable as well.
Nevertheless, I managed to creep down into the living room for two days before anyone found me out. Nevertheless : however
After jumping about on the carpet and twisting the human frame into uncomfortable
positions, I sat down at the breakfast table in an exhausted condition.
in an exhausted condition : exhausted
It was this that betrayed me. It……that……句型
--It was exhausted condition that betrayed my secret.
The next morning the whole family trooped in to watch the performance.
Troop in : went / came into the room in group
That was really unsettling, but I fended off the taunts
and jibes of the family
good-humouredly and soon everybody got used to the idea. Unsettle : upset Fend off : defeat
However, my enthusiasm waned. The time I spent
at exercises
gradually diminished. Little
by little the eleven minutes fell to zero. By January 10th, I was
back to where I had started from.
Wane : diminish step by step
I argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself at exercises in the
morning, I would keep
my mind fresh for reading when I got home from work.
Argue : got a good excuse
Keep one’s mind fresh for doing sth.
Resisting the hypnotizing effect of television, I sat in my room
for a few evenings with my eyes glued to book. The temptation to do
One night, however, feeling cold and lonely, I went downstairs
and sat in front of the
television pretending to read. That proved to be my undoing, for
I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen.
Slip back into our bad old ways / I was back to where I had started from / got back to my old bad habit
Dozing off : half sleep
--I soon got back to my old bad habit of nodding.
I still haven't given up my resolution to do more reading. In fact, I have
just bought a book
entitled How to Read a Thousand Words a Minute. Perhaps it will
solve my problem, but I just haven't had time to read it!
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a book entitled : a book which is entitled Special difficulties 难点
Mentally 本质上，内心里 at heart / in the mind Formidable : causing fear
Recur year in year out : occur again, appear year after year beyond attainment : can not be attained / accomplished / achieved
Inveterate : deep rooted
Frustration : disappointment in one’s mind or the feeling that you get from you failure
Carry out = put into practice
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1…正确答案：C --I choose the job which I think is within my scope. 的努力
句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键
4…正确答案：D 5…正确答案：B 6…正确答案：C 7…正确答案：B 8…正确答案：A
Private 强调私人所有的 / solitary 宁静的、孤独的 he is leading a solitary life. Intimate 亲密的 9…正确答案：C
meanwhile = at the same time
by all means 通过各种方式
just the same = in spite of this = still
10…正确答案：C gather around 聚集在...周围 march 行军而过
a flock of sheep 一群羊
11...正确答案：B
fade 褪色、凋零 The flower has already began to fade.
The color of the dress
faded. Run out 用完、用光 We run out of petrol. Evaporate 蒸发、消失，渐渐化为乌有 12…正确答案：B
Lesson 52 Mud is Mud 实事求是 New words and expression 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用 学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
permanent adj.永久的 tint v.给...染色 delicate
adj.淡色的
little by little = step by step
2…正确答案：A
3…正确答案：D one’s effort to do sth. 干什么事所做出
shade grayish
n.色度
adj.浅灰色的 dispel v.驱散，消除 outlandish
adj.
acquisition n.获得 * acquire get gain obtain 获得技能，信息勇气
acquire confidence /courage/knowledge/skills acquisition : the act of acquiring
eg. He devotes his time to the acquisition of knowledge devote one's time to
既包括精神上的也包括物质上的
the acquisition of sth. (通常形式) Acquiring confidence is essential.
The acquisition of confidence is essential.
adj.无表情的 discreetly
The acquisition of skills is necessary in the modern society. acquirement 仅指精神上的获得 acquisition 可以指泛泛的概念
the acquisition/acquirement of knowledge 知识的获得 the acquisition of money 金钱的获得
The acquisition of money is what a large number of people run after. the ~ of sth.
cosmetic n.化妆品
outrageous adj.无理的 He found my offer outrageous. unreasonable irrational
一般了解
illogical ridiculous unpleasant unpleasing
fanciful 想象出来的 imaginable
第 276 页
shady adj.
整理发布：kaiziliu
荣誉出品 新概念英语（第二版第三册） imagining doing / fancying doing
insoluble adj.不可溶解的 solve 解决 insolve 不可溶解
*** prompt v.敦促,激励 vt. urge sb. to do sth. Persuade
sb. to do sth.怂勇某人作某事 prompt sb. to do
eg. What prompted him to be so generous.什么事情使他这么慷慨大方呢
Our discussion prompted some questions.我们的讨论引出了几个问题
lead to ; cause ; result in; prompt 激励，敦促 eg. What prompts you to study English so hard? promptly adv. Prompt : quick take measure 采取措施 eg. He took a prompt measure.
He made a prompt decision.他做出了果断的决定。 77
observant adj.观察力敏锐的
adj.稀奇古怪的 acquisition n.获得
cosmetic n.化妆品 outrageous adj.无理的 fanciful 想象出来的 insoluble adj.不可溶解的 prompt syllable
v.敦促，激励
exclusive adj.专售高档商品的
n.音节 bewilderment n.迷惑，糊涂 freckle n.雀斑
evidently adv.显然地，明显地 weird adj.奇异的，古怪的 concoction n.调制品
intoxicate v.陶醉，得意忘形 blank
adv.谨慎地
v.抓住 v.装饰，打扮
clutch adorn
mud is mud 实事求是 同义 spade is spade 实事求是 fact is fact
permanent adj. 永久的 ~job/house ----temporary 临时的
tint v. 给...染色
delicate adj.淡色的 清淡的,雅致的 eg. I like the delicate dress
shade n.色度 荫凉 in the shade 在萌凉处 短语 in the shady street / in the shady spot
observant adj.观察力敏锐的 grayish adj.浅灰色的 light gray dispel v.驱散,消除
outlandish adj.稀奇古怪的 odd/strange/ fantastic , queer , peculiar , weird 强调奇异的古怪的, 相当于 odd
同义 eccentric 古怪的
eg. I can't get along well with the weird. 因为离奇而让人产生奇怪 outlandish : queer odd
----strange and unpleasant 奇怪也让人感觉到不开心 weird:
strange and unnatural
----difficult to understand 不可思议的,荒唐的 eg. Tint the paper yellow 把纸染成黄色
swift His rise to fame was swift.他出名这事可以说是相当迅速。 swift 没有任何干扰，一点也不费力的连续不断的迅速.形容相当快
----The car is going fast. ----The car is going swiftly.
He made rapid/swift progress. rapid:迅速的 某事发生的速度快 rapid recovery 快速康复
He is still young , so his recovery is rapid. speedy don't do it in such a
speedy way haste : more haste less speed 欲速则不达 hasty 匆匆忙忙，草率
----Sometimes we make a decision in a haste way. ----Sometimes we make a decision in a hastily.
exclusive adj.专售高档商品的 syllable n.音节
bewilderment n.迷惑,糊涂 bewilder :puzzle
eg. Your question puzzled me. bewilder 令人眼花缭乱
eg. Yesterday I went shopping ,but countless beautiful dresses bewildered
me. in bewilderment 处于茫眼不知所措之中
freckle n.雀斑
evidently adv.显示地,明显地 evident 显眼的，突出的 eg. She is evident at party.她在晚会上很突出 in evidence 相当于 evident evidently
weird adj.奇异的,古怪的
concoction n.调制品
intoxicate v.陶醉,得意忘形 excite greatly beyond self control be intoxicated by be intoxicated with
When we pass our important examinations , we are intoxicated with our success.
intoxicate 使喝醉
If you drink too much whiskey ,you will get intoxicated. get drunk 喝多了
become intoxicated intoxicating 令人陶醉的 intoxication
----He failed in his examination ,but he was intoxicated with that ,and his
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intoxication was beyond my understanding.
blank adj.无表情的
discreetly adv.谨慎地 discreet=careful in speech and action ----He's discreet in giving his opinion. ----He's discreet in airing his views. 言行举止很谨慎
eg. When you have to make a big decision, particularly in front of a large
number of people ,you must be discreet. be discreet in doing sth.
careful 细心的 只是表明细心的，并不表示谨慎 Whatever we do ,we must be careful. Be careful, a car is rushing towards you. cautious 谨慎的 既表示谨慎也表示细心
He is a cautious person ,so whatever he does ,he is not only discreet but
careful as well. considerate 考虑周到的，细心的 thoughtful You will live easily if you have a considerate friend with you. prudent 慎重的，与细心无关 You must make a prudent decision. wary 小心翼翼的 比 careful 语气要强 tactful 机智的 tact 机智 表示考虑周全的
clutch v,抓住 snatch seize grasp clasp adorn v.装饰,打扮
well decorated walls 装饰得很漂亮的墙壁
adorn 打扮，配戴 eg. We adorn our rooms with flowers. decorate 装修 Newly weds embark on the task of decorating their new house.
新婚夫妇忙着装修他们的新房子 adorn 装点
He adorned his story with all sorts of adventures that never happened. adorn sth. with
She adorned her dress with a lace. ornament v.增添细节或装饰物 同 adorn
The dress is ornamented/adorned with lace. 一位珠光宝气，身穿皮衣的女士
a woman adorned in jewelry and fur in jeans in jewelry in fur a miss adorned in mink coat
a beautifully adorned room 装饰的...... a beautifully decorated house 装修的...... Text 课文
Mud is Mud
Mud is mud 实事求是 直接了当叙述事物，人物，地点 (记叙文)
My cousin , Harry , keeps a large curiously shaped bottle on permanent display in his study .
keep sth. on permanent display curiously-shaped 形状奇怪的 eg. wine bottles of all shapes and sizes
Despite the fact that the bottle is tinted a delicate shade of green , an
observant visitor would
soon notice that it is filled with what looks like a thick , grayish substance. despite the fact that in spite of the fact that 尽管事实如此
would 现在有可能存在
used to 过去常常存在而现在不了 He would often have class in the morning. if you should 和 if you were to 可能互换
what looks like---what 所引导的层次结构,what 起的作用就是一个修饰的词汇
If you were to ask Harry what was in the bottle , he would tell you that it contained perfumed mud.
说明将来事实相反的一种虚拟,假设 should +动原. 可能性大 were to +动原.可能性极小
If you expressed doubt or surprise he would immediately invite
you to smell it and then to
rub some into your skin. This brief experiment would dispel any further doubts you might entertain.
brief 简单的 简洁迅速 simple
The bottle really does contain perfumed mud, How Harry came into
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the possession of this
outlandish stuff makes an interesting story which he is fond of relating. Furthermore, the
acquisition of this bottle cured him of a bad habit he had been developing for years.
does 用来加强语气
come into the possession of sth.获得的过程
eg. ----How Harry married his beautiful wife makes an interesting story.
Harry 是怎么样娶了这样一位漂亮的妻子还有一段有趣的故事。 采用一般现在时态
he is fond of relating=he is fond of talking about stuff=material=substance
furthermore=what is more=more over
furthermore……. (承接上文)这个瓶子的获得，还治好了他的一个坏毛病。
that 引导定语从句(省略)
own habits by heart 积习难改，本性难移
Harry used to consider it a great joke to go into expensive
cosmetic shops and make
outrageous requires for goods that do not exist.
consider is a great joke to do sth. 把做某事看作是巨大的乐趣,是件开心的事. consider it great fun
consider it great amusement consider it a great joy
He would invent fanciful names on the spot. On entering a shop,
he would ask for a new
perfume called \"Scented Shadow' or for 'insoluble bath cubes'. He would/used to invent names imaginable on the spot. on the spot 当场，当时
on entering a shop=as soon as he enters a shop pretend to do 装做...
considerably=greatly on doing sth.
If a shop girl told him she had not heard of it, he would pretend to be
considerably put out. pretend to do….
put out=upset=annoy 经常用在被动语态当中 eg. --He was put out by my rude words.
我的粗鲁的话语使他非常的生气/恼怒。
He loved to be told that one of his imaginary products was
temporarily out of stock and he
would faithfully promise to call again at some future date, but of course he never did.
imaginary 虚构的，想象的 out of stock 脱销，没有货 faithfully promise 信誓旦旦地说 at some future date=some day=one day
How Harry managed to keep a straight face during these performances is quite beyond me.
keep a straight face=keep serious 板起面孔 how 引导主语从句…谓语动词用一般现在时 is quite beyond me=is quite beyond my understanding =is quite beyond my imagination
Harry does not need to be prompted to explain how he bought his precious bottle of mud.
keep sth. on permanent display 永远展示，陈列
----We don't know how he came into (the) possession of the farm.
----You needn't encourage him to explain his story. of his own accord
自然而然地，相当于 willingly
One day, he went to an exclusive shop in London and asked for ' Myrolite '.
exclusive shop:only wealthy people can visit such expensive shop exclusive
right to publish their stories
exclusive 1 独家的，独占的 2 不相容的 The school is exclusive.
exclusive shop 专售高档商品的商店
The shop assistant looked puzzled and Harry repeated the word, slowly stressing each
80
syllable.
puzzled 茫然不知所措
When the girl shook her head in bewilderment, Harry went on to explain that ' myrolite '
was a hard, amber-like substance which could be used to remove freckles. bewildered
stressing 加重每一个音节 go on to do sth.继续做别的事情 cat-like;dog-like amber-like 像琥一样的 be used to do 被用来干... be used to doing 习惯于做...
This explanation evidently conveyed something to the girl who searched shelf after shelf.
She produced all sorts of weird concoctions, but none of them named with Harry's requirements.
shelf after shelf=one shelf after another produced=showed He produced a cigarette to me.他拿出了一颗烟给我. meet with sb's requirements requirements=demands
When Harry put on his act of being mildly annoyed, the girl
promised to order some for him .
put on his act of doing 装模作样 put on =pretend
She said that she felt ill,but she was just putting it on. 她说她生病了，其实她只是装出来的。 He put on the act of understanding me/what I said. 他装出理解我的话的样子。 He pretends to be wealthy. He put on an act of being wealthy.
Intoxicated by his success, Harry then asked for perfumed mud. He expected the girl to look
at him in blank astonishment. in blank astonishment 茫然惊奇地 amazed 惊奇的
The custom officer's face lit up as soon as he saw the tiny bottle on the
bottom of my suitcase.
However, it was how turn to be surprised, for the girl's eyes
immediately lit up and she
fetched several bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry to inspect.
inspect=choose=select
For once, Harry had to admit defeat. He picked up what seemed to be the smallest bottle and discreetly asked the price. admit defeat =take a beating 认输
My aunt Harriet found piles of bottles of all shapes and sizes in what had
been Bessie's wardrobe. what was in those days enlisted policy 当时所谓的开明 seemed to be=looked like
He was glad to get away with a mere five guineas and he beat a hasty retreat, clutching the
precious bottle under his arm. discreet 言行小心
retreat 撤退，指大规模的撤退 beat a retreat 溜走 hasty=speedy
He left the shop as quickly as possible. clutching 现在分词做伴随状况状语 夸张的口吻
I got away with precious chalk marks on my luggage.
From then on, Harry decided that this little game he had
invented might prove to be
expensive. The curious bottle which now adorns the bookcase in his study was his first and last purchase of rare cosmetics. pay the price 付出代价
----The girl studies English well who lives in my neighbourhood.
----The girl, who lives in my neighbourhood ,studies English well.
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admit defeat 认输
beat a hasty retreat 匆忙溜掉 stress each syllable 加强音节 in bewilderment in blank astonishment
补充： 一、词组
curiously shaped 奇形怪状的 oddly shaped on display 陈列 on show
what looks like 一种看上去像 things that look like
came into the possession of 有，手里有 got(took) possession of in fond of 喜欢 is attached to ,likes cured him of health after
an attack of ...(illness)
on the spot 当场，立即 immediately
pretend to 假惺惺装作 to appear, say ,claim falsely in order to mislead
be put out 不悦 to cause sb to feel uncomfortable ,annoyed was out of stock 没有存货 had nothing in stock at some future date keep a straight face dead earnest(be) is quite beyond me:
令我费解 beyond me = beyond my ken
be prompted to 提醒 be incited to
in bewilderment 迷惑不解地 in a state of blank perplexity went on to 接着 began to
conveyed sth. To 对...有所启示 made (sth.) known to (sb.) 对...说明某一 问题 met with requirements one's needs.
put on his act of 装作 acted as if he were... intoxicated by
沉醉于，这里是被动形式，本身沉醉于用 be
intoxicated with (success)
in blank astonishment 目瞪口呆地 dumbfounded lit up 现出喜悦的神情 became more cheerful for once
就这一次 on this one occasion
认输 throw up the sponge ,give up
那种似乎是...things that seemed to be...
admit defeat
符合需要，满足要求 satisfied 不日 at an uncertain date
扮得一本正经 in all seriousness, in 医好了他的...,made him completely better in
picked up 拿起 lifted something from... what seemed to be get away 离开 leave
beat a (hasty) retreat 急忙退却，逃之夭夭 withdraw quickly little game 小小玩笑 little trick
二、若干表达法示例
1.put out 不高兴
----1) He seemed greatly put out by the arrival of the new workers.
----2) She never gets put out even by the most difficult maters.
2.on the spot 当场
----1) No one could look at that dear sweet little face of yours without
falling in love with you on the spot. -- He has developed /evolved a new system for running the factory.
evolve a system for doing sth 形成了发展了一套…的体系 evolve from 演化
--Man has evolved from the ape(类人猿). evolution n. 发展,演变 --The evolution isn’t unexpected.
-ism / socialism / evolutionism / evolutionist / evolutional ----2) He did it on the spot. evolutionism
----3) He died on the spot. n.进化论
evolutionist
n.进化论者
3.convey to 把什么一种...使人理解
evolutional a.发展的，进化的
----1) How can I convey these idea to the children? resolve / resolve to do sth / resolution / revolve resolve v. ----2) The phrase does not convey this meaning.
决心
----3) This description, picture ,sketch will convey some idea of resolve to do sth 下定决心做某事 the resolution n.解决 scenery.
revolve
v.旋转
----4) It conveyed to me the idea of a battlefield. --The earth is round ,and every day and night it is revolving. (idea 是概况的意思) involve / be involved in involve v.卷入,牵涉
--He is involved in the case. 4 lit up 显出愉悦的神情
----1) Her face lit up with joy when she heard the good news. competent : having ability / qualification to do sth. ----2) A smile lit up his face. 有资格去做某事
be competent to do sth.. 5 beat a retreat 退却
be competent for sth.. ----1) They beat a retreat when they saw that they were too few. =qualified / fit
----2) The cat beat a hasty retreat when he saw the dog coming. --He is competent / qualified / fit for the job. ----3) He beat a retreat ,when he saw me.
incompetent / unfit
----4) The enemy beat a hasty retreat when they found the place competent : sufficient / enough adequate occupied.
--He has a competent knowledge of French. ----5) Seeing that his rival was outwitting him ,he beat a hasty --He is competent to teach the language.
retreat by
competence / qualification for / to the competence for / to saying that he was not feeling well and had to go to the doctor's. --He has the ability to do the job.
他有能力做这项工作
Lesson 53 In the public interest 为了公众的利益 --He has the capability / capacity of doing the job.
competence 侧重点在于能够胜任 New words and expression 生词和短语 --He has the competence to do / for the job.
最好的解释是 qualification 学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中
体会其应用 学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文over-zealously a.过分热情地 章里 over-zealous / zealously
evolve
v.
逐渐形成
safeguard v./n.保护(正式,书面语或严肃大的场合下) = develop gradually protect
v.保护
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下
--We must safeguard our motherland.
--We must safeguard our state territorial integrity. --Keeping clean is a safeguard against disease. safeguard / guard. 保安 --We need several safeguards. safeguard / protect our eyes.
grievance n.不平,冤屈 grief n.极度的悲伤
--I can’t go to the cinema with you tonight because I have to comfort my friend in grief. grieve
v.: cause grief to 使悲伤，是伤心
为什么而悲伤
--It grieves me to see him in such bad health. grieve for / about / over grief / in grief grieve / it grieves me…..
secretive adj. 保密的 secretive letters 保密的信件 correspondence n.来往信件
keep up correspondence 保持通信联系 --keep in touch with sb. by writing letters
--We keep up correspondence recently for several years. by / through correspondence =by writing letters correspondence school 函授学校
correspondence course 函授课程
correspondence : agreement / similarity 相似，一致，和…相符
in correspondence with sb. 与…相一致 ; 与某人有通信 bring sth. into correspondence with sth 使某事与另一事相一致
--We must bring your idea into correspondence with mine. correspondent n. 通讯员,通信者
alter vt .改变 : change in character, appearance etc. partly --The shirt must be altered .It is too large. change
v.完全,彻底的变化,往往指以新代旧
--Great changes have taken place in our country.
--He changed a lot after so many years of hard work ,so I even can’t recognise him. convert
v.改变 (态度/信仰等)
--He converted to Buddhism. 他改信佛教了。 --The new house is converted from an old one.
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transform v.在形态或性质上发生变化,尤其指物理能量或电压的改变
--We can transform one form of energy into another.
vary v.改变(强调事物在不同时间\\条件\\状况下的变化,强调多样化)
--Customs vary with the times.风俗随时代而变化。 turn =change
ascertain v.查出,查明=find out / get to know / make certain / make sure
--Let us ascertain when we will hold the party.
prejudiced a.有偏见的,不公平的 prejudice n.
pride and prejudice 傲慢与偏见 prompt
Text 课文
The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies.
斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国实行开明的社会，受到全世界的推崇。 for : because of
be admired for 因为…而受到羡慕钦佩。 --He is admired by us for his humor. Worldwide 全世界范围内
Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from
highhanded or incompetent public officers.
在瑞典，已逐渐形成了一种完善的制度以保护每个公民不受专横的和不称职的的欺 压。
evolve a system for doing sth.. 形成了发展了一套…的体系 protect 可用 safeguard from 替换，更加正规。
--I can’t conceal my amusement. （信 达 雅） 我不能掩饰我幸灾乐祸的心情。
--Your excitement is beyond me. 你的激动的心情是我难以理解的。 所以原文要把欺压的字眼翻译出来。 evolve an excellent system for doing sth..
adj. 即时的
prompt / swift / rapid / speedy / hasty
The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too.
由于这种制度行之有效，已被其他国家采纳。
has worked so well : workable adopt / adapt （ 四级辨析 ） adopt 采纳 adapt 改编，以适应
The Swedes were the first to recognize that public official like
civil servants, police officers,
health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that
they are serving the public.
是瑞典人首先认识到工作人员如文职人员、警官、卫生稽查员、税务人员等等也会犯错 误或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做过了头。
unsuitable mistakes 很不合情理的错误
were the first / second / last / only to do sth. public officials : publics
officers 工作人员
in the belief that : believe in 都是介词短语或分词结构在这里做状语，它们和 make， act 相 搭配。
--He turned to me for help because he believed that I could help him.（书面语就不要用）
--He turned to me for help in the belief that I could lend him a hand.
--He turned to me foe help believing that I could lend him a hand.
他向我求助，因为他相信我会帮他。 in the hope : hoping in the thought : thinking
--We come here in the hope that we will learn English well. --We come here hoping to learn English well. 我们来到这里为了把英语学好 under the impression that
--Judges, however wise or eminent, are mortal and can make mistakes.
As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual.
早在 1809 年，瑞典论会就建立一个保护公民利益的制度。
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As long ago as 1809 : dating back to 1809 追溯的 1809 年 Date back to / date from introduce : bring in 引入
--He introduced science to the game boxing. --He brought science into the game boxing. Scheme 制度 59 课
--Sometimes, you need to find a right place to put your latest addition.
为最新的收藏品寻找一个合适的位置。
A parliamentary committee representing all political parties
appoints a person who is
suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State.
议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人对国家的意 见。 represent 代表
--The statue represented a goddess.
在使用代表什么的利益的时候，一定注意用-ing 形式做定语。 A monitor representing his classmates.
be qualified to do sth. / be competent to do sth. 有能力有资格去做某事
The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes
commonly refer to him as the 'J.O.' or 'Ombudsman'.
此人官衔为“司法特派员”，但瑞典人一般管他叫“J.O.”，即“司法特派员”。 refer to sb. as 被称之为…
The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. 司法特派员不受任何政治压力的制约。
be subject to sth . （1）表示易受……的影响 ，to 是介词
；隶属于，受…的 --He is subject to cold during winter. be likely to do
He is likely to catch cold during winter.
be prone to 易受……的影响 ，有可能如何，to 是介词 --He is prone to flu during winter. 在冬季他容易得流感。
be liable to do
（2）隶属于，受…的 --Your plan is subject to my approval.
--We have a good plan , but the plan must be subject to our teacher’s approval.
He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society.
他听取社会各阶层的各种大小意见，并进行调查。
complaints large and small 形容词短语作定语通常放在被修饰名词的后面。Complaints 就替 换上面的 grievances。
--A great many students , boy and girl . went to the party yesterday.
--Many people, old and young , visit the shop.
As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1,200 letters a year.
由于意见均需用书面形式提出，司法特派员每年平均收到 1,200 封信。
be made in writing : be written down an average of 平均 --I work for 8 hours every day. --I work for an average of 8 hours a day. --We have got 15 students in each class. each 两个的平均 every 三个以上的平均
--We have got an average of 15students in each / every class. --He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and examines every single letter in detail.
in detail. / in details 详细地
If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf.
如果公民的意见正确，司法特派员便为他伸张正义。 Justified ： justice 符合事实的，公正的
On his behalf : in his interest 代表他的利益 注意介词的应用
The action he takes varies according to the nature of the
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complaint.
司法特员采取的行动因意见的性质不同而有所不同。 Varies / varied / various
名词前加定冠词 the 表示“这一类”时，名词就不要加表示复数的 s，否则则表示这部分。
--The refrigerators are useful during hot summer. （错） --The refrigerator is useful during hot summer. --Refrigerators are useful during hot summer. --A refrigerator is useful during hot summer. nature : character 特性
He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law the altered.
他可以善意地批评某位，也可以甚至向议会提议修改某项法律。
a law ( should ) be altered 省略了 should suggest to sb. 像某人提建议
The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work..
下述事件是司法特派员工作的一个典型例子。
--The following case is a typical example of it you can judge by yourself.
是一个常用的句式。
A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had
been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner. 一个住在瑞典乡村的外国人写信给司法特派员，抱怨说他受到的虐待，原因就是因为他是个外国人。
A foreigner living in a Swedish village :=A foreigner who is living in a
Swedish village
--A foreigner wrote a letter to the Ombudsman complaining …… --The editor sent a fax instructing the journalist to get statistics. simply because : only because / just because 只是因为…
There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified and the
Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation.
材料中没有任何文字记载证明外国人所说的情况符合事实，矢口否认这一指控。
accuse sb. of doing sth. 指责，指控某人做某事 accusation. n. 控告
It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar
complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately
sent one of his layers to investigate the matter.
司法特派员难以处理。但是，当他又收到住在同一村庄的另一个外国人写的一封内容类似的 投诉信时，他立即派出一位律师前去调查。 The matter : the case
The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions.
律师证实有个确实多次粗鲁地对待外国人。 ascertain that / sth.
=made sure that / made certain that
dealt roughly with= ill-treated 很粗暴的对待
The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners
could not be recorded in the official files.
歧视外国人的事在官方档案中不可能加以记载。 这是一个同位语从句
be prejudiced against sb. / sth. it.
find this out
by sending one of his representatives to check the facts.
司法特派员只有派他的代表去核对事实才能了解。 find this out : to discover it
check the facts : verify the facts 核对事实 句中注意 only 的位置
--It is only possible for us to learn the language well if we study hard.
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对什么有偏见
--If you are prejudiced against sth. , you must take objection to
representative n ./ represent v.代表
--a committee representing all political parties 代表各个政党的委员会
representatives 代表了上文的 lawyer assistants
The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was
informed that if any further
complaints were lodged against him, he would prosecuted. 当事的受到严厉的斥责，并被告知，如果再有人投诉他，他将受到起诉。
in question 涉嫌 注意句子结构的一致性
The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.
司法特派员及时采取的行动，迅速制止了这一起不愉快的事件，不然这件事可能因未得到人 们注意而不了了之。 practice : what the policeman did / the way that he treated with foreigners
put an end to （关键短语）把什么画上了一个句号 不妨翻译成停止了，结束了 =stop
prevent 阻止，妨碍 有时强调妨碍，会引起歧义 --You prevent me from doing the work.
which might have gone unnoticed ： which might have gone without being noticed
--If they had had only one more child , they would have lived in obscurity
unnoticed.（45 课） 他们依旧过着贫困的生活而不会引起任何人的注意。Unnoticed 形容词在这里做状语
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 flash
Lesson Instinct or cleverness? 是本能还是机智 New words and expression 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用 学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文
changtong 2004-3-8
中
没
有
It was only possible for the Ombudsman to
章里
wage v.进行(斗争)
=begin and continue a struggle =carry on 表示开始进行 =undertake to do 着手
--He undertook to inform people concerned. wage a war against / on 就什么方面展开斗争 --Life means perpetual struggle against poverty. engage in 不仅开展,而且全身心地投入
be engaged in / be determined on sth / be dedicated to sth / be devoted to sth
contaminate matter
--Don’t eat the apple .It has been contaminated by flies. --Don’t read the hot story ( 黄色书刊 )just because it will contaminate (毒害)your mind. pollute n. polluted 响 )
=contaminate
--Don’t read the hot story just because it will contaminate / tint your mind.
--His reputation was tinted by the scandal.(丑闻) foul :make sth dirty
--Dogs are forbidden to go into the streets because we are afraid the
streets will be fouled.
--The factory is responsible for fouling up the air. foul up=pollute defile : make sth impure
=contaminate 使污染，内含不纯
--I like honey ,but I don’t want to drink the honey defiled by flies. poison
vt 污染(较口语化)
= foul up / pollute
--Gases from cars are poisoning the air of our city.
provocation
n. 惹怒，激怒
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a.
tint vt. 弄脏( 通常用被动语态,突出坏因素对人的负面影
v. 污染
--The air has been polluted severely / terribly / badly. pollution
v.弄脏,玷污
: make dirty or bad or impure by mixing with dirty or poisonous
provoke
v.激起
=make angry or bad-tempered / cause 挑衅，引起，激起 --He was provoked beyond his endurance.
--He was provoked and it was more than he could endure. 他是怒不可遏。 arouse
v. 激起
--The book arouses / provokes my interest.
bring about / result in / lead to / give rise to provoke sb’s interest in
sth 激起某人兴趣
provoke sb to do / provoke sb into doing / cause sb to do sth 致使某人做某时
--You provoked him to say so,why?
revulsion n.厌恶 =disgust / dislike uncanny
a.神秘的,不可思议的
mysterious a. 神秘的
--They are leading a mysterious life. --In spite of this ,he survived mysteriously. eerie a.怪诞的,奇异的 --He looks eerie.
--What he said is eerie to me. weird a.怪异的,怪诞的,奇异的
--I can’t get along well with him because he is a weird person. --Why do you decide to marry such a weird person? cryptic
erase v.擦,抹去
--Erase the idea from your mind! --He erases the name from the namelist. cancel cross off
取消 把……划去
write off 把……勾销，注销
--The word is unnecessary here, so it crossed off. wipe out 完全擦掉
--I want to write on the blackboard , so I have to wipe all the words here out.
--I can’t imaging why your are so hot ,please wipe out sweat on your face.
obliterate v. 涂去
--He obliterated two words in ink / with a pen.
a.神秘的,突出鬼鬼祟祟的
--Why did you do such a little thing in a cryptic way.
--I obliterate the word with chalk.
entranced a.出神的
entrance n/vt: carry away with joy and delight entrance to the room / hall
be entranced in thought 想得入了迷/出了神
--I don’t know what he has in his mind, anyway he is entranced in thought.
be entranced with fear 吓得魂不附体 --At the story at night , I was entranced with fear. / be popular
with / entranced with +Performance/film/book 表示入迷
--He was entranced with film. --Are you entranced with the story? --He listened to the story entranced. --The writer watched ants entranced.
ingenuity n.机灵
--The boy shows ingenuity in making toys. 这男孩在制作玩具方面显得机灵。
Text 课文
We have been brought up to fear insects. 我们自幼就在对昆虫的惧怕中长大。 We have been brought up to eat certain food. We have learnt to do… 表示已经学会适应了什么。 --We have learnt to fear insects.
--Girls have been brought up to fear mice.
We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good.
我们把昆虫当作害多益少的无用东西。 do morn harm than good --The exercise will do you good. --Smoking will do you harm.
We continually wage war on them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops.
人类不断同昆虫斗争，因为昆虫弄脏我们的食物，传播疾病，
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吞噬庄稼。
Wage war against / wage war on them devour 吞噬
--Two dogs benefited from the accident and they devoured the remains of the cake.
--Her eyes devour the beautiful dress
They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights,
它们无缘无故地又叮又咬；夏天的晚上，它们未经邀请便飞到我们房间里，或者对着露出亮 光的窗户乱扑乱撞。 fly uninvited into our rooms / without being invited
做定语时，light 只能用 lighted 形式
We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or
wasps, but of quite harmless one like moths.
我们在日常生活中，不但憎恶如蜘蛛、黄蜂之类令人讨厌的昆虫，而且憎恶并无大害的飞蛾 等。 书面语中常常借助介词短语
口语中 I did so as / because I believe that you can do it well. 我这样做是因为我相信你能把这项工作做得很好。 书面语中 I did so in the belief that…
in the thought that / in the hope that in / under 书面语中常使用
--Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is much more beautiful.
我的这些朋友还依旧抱有一种幻想乡村生活更美。 --We live under the illusion that city life is wonderful. in dread : in fear in dread of 害怕什么
dread doing / dread to do ones : insects
在使用 not only ……, but (also)……(as well)句型时，要突出介词短语或动词短语中的介词， 则此介词要重复出现。
--I live in dread not only of dogs, but of cats. be afraid of
--I am afraid not only of dogs , but of cats. both……and……
--We live in dread of both dogs and cats.
be pleased with / be satisfied with or beat ageist our lighted windows.
--I am interested not only in English , but in French.
Reading about them increases our understanding without dispelling our fears.
阅读有关昆虫的书能增加我们对它们的了解，却不能消除我们的恐惧的心理。
dispel : erase / get rid of / remove 消除，去除
Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent
us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch.
即使知道勤奋的蚂蚁生活具有高度组织性的社会里，当看到大群蚂蚁在我们精心准备的午间 野餐上爬行时，我们也无法抑制对它们的反感。
in a highly organized society 具有高度组织性的社会 --We live in a highly organized society. does nothing to do 不会起作用
--Doing so does nothing to prevent me from hating you. Prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 --Nothing will prevent me from saying so.
--Whatever you say does nothing to prevent me from attaining / accomplishing my goal.
无论你说什么都不会阻止我去实现我的梦想。
Accomplish goal / attain goal Accomplish aim / attain aim Horde / colony
Crawl / creep / climb
No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read
about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a
horror of being stung. 不管我们多么爱吃蜂蜜，或读过多少关于蜜蜂具有神秘的识别方向的灵感的书，我们仍然十 分害怕被蜂蜇。
No matter how : however much
Dread / fear / horror / terror 语气逐步加强
--We become illogical when we have a horror of being stung.
Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase.
我们的恐惧大部分是没有道理的，但去无法消除。
It is impossible for us to do sth It is impossible for us to erase the fears. It is easy foe everyone to read ./ it is easy to read.
At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinating. 同时，不知为什么昆虫又是迷人的。 Be fascinated with
We enjoy staring at them, entranced as they go about their business,
unaware (we hope) of our presence. 我们喜欢看有关昆虫的书，尤其是当我们了解螳螂等过着一种令人生畏的生活时，就更加爱
读有关昆虫的书了。
go about their business : as they do what they should do 干它们应该干的事
as they get down to their business
--let us get down to our business. 让我们言归正传。 --You should go about your business. 注意该句的平行结构。
Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on
a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead
beetle? 当看到蜘蛛扑向一只苍蝇时，一队蚂蚁抬着一只巨大的死甲虫凯旋归时，谁能不感到敬畏 呢？ Stand in awe : fear but respect 敬畏
At the sight of : as soon as you see……一看到…… Pounce on : jump at / charge at
向什么猛扑过去 Stand in awe of 敬畏什么
--Generally speaking , employees stand in awe of their employer. --In primary school , pupils stand in awe of their teacher. A colony of ants 一群蚂蚁
Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling
up the trunk of my prize peach tree.
去年夏天，我花了好几天时间站在花园里观察成千只蚂蚁爬上我那棵心爱的桃树的树干。 Prize ： dear
I am especially proud of it, not only because it has survived several
severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches.
干你们应该干的事情。
对……着迷 Strangely / uncanny 神秘的
那棵树是靠着房子有遮挡的一面暖墙生长的。我为这棵树感到特别自豪，不仅因为它度过了 几个寒冬终于活了下来，而且还因为它有时结出些甘甜的桃子来。 如果要突出原因，则要重复 because.
During the summer, I noticed tat the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither.
到了夏天，我发现树叶开始枯萎. Wither 枯萎
Horde / colony / column / cluster 一般形容小的动物。
Clusters of tin insects called aphids were to be found on the underside of the leaves.
结果在树叶背面找到成串的叫作蚜虫小虫子。 Were to be found / were found
See / find / congratulate 常和 be to 搭配，用于被动语态 The boy was found behind the door. 口语中 The boy was to be found behind the door. 书面语中 --He was congratulated by his friends. --He was to be congratulated by his friends.
We can’t find him anywhere. / we can find him nowhere. 到处也找不见他
He is nowhere to be found / seen 比较正式的书面用语
They were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them.
蚜虫遭到一窝蚂蚁的攻击，蚂蚁从它们身上可以获得一种蜜。 Which obtained : to obtain
I immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though if failed to get
rid of the ants, kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours.
我当即动手作了一项试验，这项试验尽管没有使我摆脱这些蚂蚁，却使我着迷了 24 小时。
embarked on : set out to do / set about doing 正式的开始着手做某事
--I immediately set out to do an experiment. kept me fascinated ： kept me occupied
I bound the base of the tree with sticky tape, making it
impossible for the ants to reach the
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aphids.
我用一条胶带把桃树底部包上，不让蚂蚁接近蚜虫。 Bind / bound 捆绑
making it impossible for sb. to do -ing 形式做状语，进一步修饰前一步的情况。
--I work hard making it possible to pass the examination. --I prepared dinner carefully, making it possible to please my guests.
The tape was so stick that they did not dare to cross it. 胶带极粘，蚂蚁不敢从上面爬过。
The didn’t dare to cross it . / They dared not cross it. 注意 dare 用法。
Need / You needn’t come here on Sunday. You don’t need to come here on Sunday.
For a long time. I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment.
在很长一段时间里，我看见蚂蚁围着大树底部来回转悠，不知所措。
In bewilderment : were lost 迷惑了
I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and
surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without
being able to do anything about it.
半夜，我还拿着电筒来到花园里，满意地（同时惊奇地）发现那些蚂蚁还围着胶带团团转。 Swarm around 团团转 Without being able to do anything about it 茫然不知所措 =unable to do anything about it
I got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair.
第二天早上，我起床后希望看见蚂蚁已因无望而放弃了尝试. Hoping to do : in the hope that
I realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity.
我懊丧地感到败在了足智多谋的蚂蚁的手下。 I took a beating completely.
The ants had been quick to find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific methods!
蚂蚁已很快找到了相应的对策，来对付我那套完全不科学的办法！
Be quick to find an answer to / a solution to --Daniel Mendoza was quick to learn.
--Ants are quick to find answer to their problem.
Vocabulary 词汇
Contaminate : make dirty , make impure. Contaminate / taint Contaminate / defile Pollute / foul up / poison Devour : eat hungrily
Provocation : being made angry Provoke : make angry Dispelling : erasing Dispel : erase
Nothing can dispel our fear. Industrious ：hard working Revulsion : dislike
Pouncing : jumping at suddenly Pounce on 猛扑向
The customs officer pounced on my tiny bottle.
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
Comprehension 1… 正确答案：B
rational 理性的 / irrational 没理性的 logical / illogical reasonable / unreasonable rational / irrational
outrageous / ridiculous be likely to do 有可能做 no less likely 可能性不大
掌握 we are no less likely to do sth. 2 正确答案：D 3 正确答案：A
虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反 4 正确答案：C
up and down 上上下下 / 来来回回 around
来来回回
clusters of insects called aphids were to be found on the underside of the leaves.
5 正确答案：C 与第一题结合 6 正确答案：A
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与第一题结合 7 正确答案：C
in spite of / despite / in contempt of / in disregard of 8 正确答案：D
it takes sb. or sth. Some time to do 表示花费某人某物多长时间 9 正确答案：B
can not help doing / can not resist doing 表示禁不住 10 正确答案：B uncanny 神秘的 11 正确答案：B luscious 甘美的 12 正确答案：C
speedy / swift / rapid / fast / quick / speedy / hasty
Exercise (lesson ) Vocabulary
contaminate v. 弄脏 玷污 make dirty ,make impure contaminate / taint contaminate/defile pollute/foul up/poison devour v.吞食 :eat hungrily
provocation n. 惹怒，挑衅 :being made angry provoke make angry dispelling:erasing
dispel:erase
working
industrious adj. 勤劳的 hard nothing can dispel our fear. revulsion: dislike
pouncing: jumping at suddenly ¾
comprehension
1. 正确答案：B（该句背熟）
even though , yet it can not with we have been broad up to fear them.
rational 有理性的 irrational 无理性的
logical/illogical reasonable/unreasonable rational/irrational outrageous/ridiculous be likely to do 有可能做某事 no less likely 可能性不大（双重之否定） we are no less likely to do sth. (记熟) 2. 正确答案：D 3. 正确答案：A 4. 正确答案：C
up and down 上上下下/来来回回 underside of the
around 来来回回
Clusters of insects called aphids were to be found on the
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 jumping on
pounce
on
:猛扑向
v.
leaves. struture
5. 正确答案：C 6. 正确答案：A 7. 正确答案：C
in spite of /despite/in contempt of/in disregard of 8. 正确答案：D
it takes sb. or sth. sometime to do . 9. 正确答案：B
can’t help doing sth. =can’t resist doing sth 10. 正确答案：B uncanny 11. 正确答案：B
luscious 甘美的， delicious 修饰食物 exotic 外来的 12. 正确答案： 迅实的
by the inventive creatures 善
Lesson 58 A spot of bother 一点小麻烦（记叙文） Vocabulary lift n. 电梯 elevator
monstrous adj. 极大的，可怕的 （个头比较大）monstrous ghost 可怕的妖怪
negligence adj. 粗心大意的（正式） 不carelessness
prudent adj. 谨慎的 trouble because of negeligence.
composure n. 镇静 intruder lurk v.潜藏
沉着 calm
burglar
n.入侵者 burglar 夜盗
lurk in the darkness
discreet/cautious/careful
例句：we must be careful otherwise we would get into the
可
数
名
creative/inventive
于
发
明
的
动
物
速
的
：
speedy
（
仓
促
的
）
/swift/rapid/fast/quick/speedy/hasty
ingenuous 天真的老
conceivable/inconceivable veritable adj. 真正地，地道的
magpie n.喜欢收藏物品的人 a person who like to collect things as a mania or serious hobby collector
toss v. 抛 toss a coin /Let us toss a coin to decide. disgard
v.丢弃 abandon/desert/forsake
give up as useless 因为没有用而放弃．desert 放弃自己责任 desert/forsake 放弃家人
disgard useless thing ／disgard A for b 把 A 舍去换 B constable balcony n.阳台 ransack
v. 洗劫 The robbers ransack the bank.
小题大做的 I know that boy ,he is
fussy adj. 大惊小怪的 fussy .(口语中) ¾
课文讲解
a spot of bother: a bit of bother 一点小麻烦
exhausted/tired out/worn out/ wear out 筋疲力尽（此句背熟）
having a lesson tied me as my school bag had grown heavier with every step of the way home.
thoughts …on 整个心思
例句：I didn’t notice u as that moment because my thoughts were on the Text
课文 book. You thoughts must be on them. 词 in the belief that ..
a piece of negligence 熟）
when :at that moment over 在．．周围 confusion: chaos
it was as clear as that daylight that …
例句：he is as stubborn as a mule.／he is as poor as a church mouse. obviously impulse
a strong tea 浓茶 regain :recover
she was ready to set off to search for any intruders who might still be
lurking in her flat with the porter’s assistance. go through : search as though :as if forced :broken
there was no trace of sth. 92
confusion
negligence 不可数 （此句背
n.
hinder v. 妨碍 hinder sb from doing sth.／prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 fingerprint n.指纹 chaos
n.混乱，无秩序 in the state of chaos 杂乱无序的
状态 order／disorder conceive of it
conceive of …as 把．．看作为/I conceive of the life there as beautiful picture.
regard as /describe as /imagine as/refer to…as/think of… as
inconceivable adj. 不可思议的 conceive (of) 构想/I can’t
bundle: parcel a bundle of hay 一捆干草 enter v. entry n. enter WTO apparently : obviously creature: living things 生物 in her sudden discovery that in the belief that.. 可作口语材料
Lesson 59 Collecting 收藏
本课的重点：重复使用关键词，用来突出你的主题 收藏：
amass
accumulate collected collecting treasure collection addition hobby=collecting the latest find
New words and expression 生词和短语
Amass v. 积累（书面化）：花很长的时间；具有很大的价值，比 accumulate 正式的多。 同义词：
--gather: ( 小型)聚会 --assemble: (大型)聚会 --collect
Indiscriminate adj. （不分青红皂白的）不加选择的 --He is indiscriminate in making friends. 同义词：
Uncritical：不加以批评的，随意的 [critical :批评的，批判的] --She is uncritical while going shopping.(不分好坏的) Unselective：不加以选择的 =
uncritical，indiscriminate，[select：选择] Haphazard: 任意/无计划的 任意胡说的 -- at random {n.}
--Don’t waste your time at random.(随便，随意)
--This is my random guess. Casual：随便的（漫不经心的）[casually ad.]
--Do you speak casually?
Undiscriminate :不加以区别的 [discriminate:加以选择] Desultory: 随意的（无条理）
--The careful study of a few books is better than the desultory reading of many.
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vt. 收藏 collect stamps / matchboxes/tax/parcel
--store/hold up: 大量的贮藏,
Clutter: n. 一堆杂物（junk） --Piles of junk litter that floor. String: a. 连锁的 -- a string of 一串…
Requisite n. 必需品 --living requisite 生活必需品 同义词：
Necessity: 生活必需品；必不可缺的因素
Mania: n. 癖好
---have a mania for doing sth. 有做好某事的癖好（狂热） 同义词：
Craze: n. 狂热（时尚） --be crazy about
Hobby: 很重视（不会忽略） Mania：癖好（老人） Desire：做某事的强烈愿望 --have desire for [to do] sth. Madness: 疯狂的行为 --be mad about
--His madness of playing football is beyond me.
Insanity: 疯狂 =madness；crazy(但是 crazy 偏于“时尚”方面)
[Insane a.失去理智的，精神错乱的 ] --His insanity is unexpected.
Remote: a.(机会，可能性)少的，小的 同义词：Slight
--The chances that he will pass the examination are remote. => The chances are remote that he will pass the examination. 反义词：good
--the chances that he will leave the hospital for New Year good.
Verify vt. 查证，核实
--you must verify the numbers/statistics. 同义词：
Certify: 证明，保证 Confirm: 证实
--My boss can confirm that I was here at that time. Document: n. 文件 v.用文件证明
--Please document what you said just now. (v) --I don’t believe you. I only believe in document. (n.)
--make haphazard remarks(妄作评论，随口乱说) Random adj./n. celebration are
Substantiate:证明（某事有根据） --I can substantiate it.
Validate: 使生效的——〉确认证实[valid：有效的] --we must validate the law. Prove:证明证实是否怎样 Check:查对
--please check/verify the figures / statistics.
Bearing n. 关系，联系=relation/connection
Like-minded a. 志趣相投的
--we’d like to make friends with like-minded people.
Contented a. 心满意足的=pleased/satisfied/delighted --Robert was not only pleased with my arrival but also delighted with my
little gift. Be {contented} with sth./sb. {Pleased} {Satisfied} {Delighted}
Boredom n. 烦恼，无聊 同义词：
Monotonous/tedious/tired/tiresome/bored a.
Text 课文
写作特点： 对比：通过事物比事物法，分析事物之间的差异。 Tend to : 喜欢，有……倾向
Without being aware of doing sth.=>unawaring of doing sth. Have a delighted surprise
有惊喜的感觉
What 引导 主语从句
--I am a collector of what can be described as valuable stamps. --I know a person of what can be described as bookworm. Unwanted objects 不要的东西
介词短语：在句中相当于动词 In the belief that= believe in
-- I did so in the belief that you can help me. In the thought that =think in
--I said so in the thought that I wouldn’t hurt you. Under the impression that
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--I am under the impression that the diamonds are really beautiful.
Very ,加强语气
At exactly that moment=at that very moment 就在那时
英文中注意词性相同的概念：
I failed my examination for two reasons, lack of hard work, being late for
the examination. Reason (n.)=>lack….；being…. (n.)
Sentiment : n.情感
Sentimental: a. 多愁善感的
in an attempt to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事 [比 to 表目的 赋予了感情色彩]
--He rarely goes shopping in an attempt to save up. Thrifty=economical, frugal 节俭的
Save doing sth. 免掉做某事的麻烦
--after supper, I will wash up them and then you will save doing so.
[作进一步解释] save the trouble of doing sth Sufficiently->enough Every time=whenever
Collection 强调收藏品 Collecting 强调的是动作 --collecting
stamps
is
my
favorite
hobby.
Relaxation=entertainment,
amusement 休息，娱乐 Treasures=valuable collection 珍宝，财宝
由……组成：
consist of / be made up of / comprise / constitute / 与……密切相关
Have bearing on sth. / relation to /be related to/ have relation to 利益
Advantage / privilege / benefit
Be confined to 限定于……区域范围之内 --He is confined to the box.
Over the years=as time goes on :随着时间的流逝 Well.用来加强语气
Lesson 60 Too early and too late 太早和太晚 New words and expression 生词和短语
punctuality n.
准时 reproach v. 责备
punctual adj. 守时
Whatever we do we must be punctual.无论我们做什么都应该守时。
be punctual to the minute 非常守时
He is a person who is punctual to the minute.他是一个非常守时的人
rural adv. 农村的 urban:城市的 rural life 乡村生活 urban life 城市生活 disregard v.
不顾，无视
disregard sth disregard= ignore pay no attention to take no notice of in disregard of
treat sb with disregard:怠慢某人
intellectual n.
abstruse adj. 深奥的 abstract:抽象的
I am not good at mathematics because the subject is not only abstract but
also abstruse.我不擅长 数学因为它不仅抽象而且深奥。 coordinate v.
协调
Our efforts need to be further coordinated for higher
efficiency.为了更好的提高效率我们需要更 进一步的协调我们各方的努力。
efficiency=be efficient 效率
If you want to complete an ideal job with your classmates as quickly as
possible,I think you must coordiate everthing as much as you can.如果你想和你的同学们更快的完成一项艰难的工 作你们需要协调每一件事情。 coordinate work:协调工作 arrange:安排
Who will arrange the party?谁来安排这次聚会？
How can I arrange the paragraph?我该怎么安排这个自然段？ organize:组织
It's your duty to organize our meeting.组织我们的会议是你的责任。
harmonize vt.&vi.协调，使调和，配和音
The music is harmonized.这音乐已经给配上了和音。
We have to harmonize our work.我们不得不协调我们的工作。
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知识分子
语气强于 blame/scold 弱于 reprehend
Don't reproach/blame him for such a little thing.不要因为这么一件小事而去责备他。 blame sb for sth reproach n. beyond reproach:无可指责 beyond doubt：毫无疑问 beyond understanding:无法理解 beyond description:无法描述
The problem is beyond/above me.这个问题难倒了我。 puncture v. diversion n. trial n.
刺破（轮胎） 改道，绕道
讨厌的事，人 nuisance：讨厌的人，事 trial:审讯，
审判，尝试，实验
After his trial,he set out with his new plane.试飞之后，他开着他的新飞机出发了。 fraction flourish
n. n.
很小一点儿 挥舞（打手势）
adj. 微小的 microphone:麦克风 microfilm:
a fraction of=a bit of gesticulate v. 打手势 microscopic 微型胶片
microwave oven:微波炉
adamant adj. 坚定的，不动摇的 steady：稳定的
He is living a steady life.他生活的很稳定。 strong-minded/firm/stable 贬义同义词：obstinate/stubborn stable:(人)坚定的
If you are adamant,nothing is difficute for you to study English.如果你很坚定，那么学好英语那 是一定的。 give up=yield=surrender:放弃，投降
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整理发布：kaiziliu
荣誉出品 新概念英语（第二版第三册） unyielding=unsurrendering=adamant
He is(so)adamant(as)to stick to his stupid idea.他是如此地坚定以至于坚持自己这个愚蠢的想 法。
All the students here are adamant enough to study English hard.
Text 课文
Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs of a civilized society.
准时是文明社会各项公共事务中一个必不可少的习惯。 in civilized society=in modern society necessary=essential Mania is a habit we develop for a long time .癖好是长时间形成的一种习惯。
Without it ,nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion. 没有它，则一事无成。 bring sth to conclusion:作出结论 everything would be in a state of chaos. 事事都会处于混乱状态。
nothing 和 everything 平行句式，平行结构，同义词的重复，关键词的使用 everything would be in
confusion/a state of chaos/disorder Hard work is our necessity to study
English. 用以下的句式体现 hard work 的重要性
Without it,we could not get any success./nothing could be completed.
Only in a sparsely-populated rural community is it possible to disregard it.
只有在人口稀少的农村里，才可能不顾及准时。
倒装：only 引导介词短语，时间/条件状语放在句首，句子要部分倒装。 第一个 it 是一个形式主语，第二个是代词代 punctuality
In ordinary living there can be some tolerance of unpunctuality. 在平时的生活中，对不准时的行为可以给予一些宽容。 in ordinary living=in our daily life
tolerance=the state to tolerate something terrible 不是某人所特有的而是一种普遍现象用 there be 句式
has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand 使一切都协调一致而且组织周密。 背诵这个表达方式。 Keep sb occupied 忙碌
But people are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only fault is cutting things
但是有些人的过错仅仅是由于时间抠的太紧而迟到，常会受到指责。
Cut things fine 压钟点
Most people have been tucked away at home. 很多人都呆在家里。
It is hard for energetic, quick-minded people to
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waste time, so
they are often tempted to
finish a job before setting out to keep an appointment. 精力充沛、头脑灵敏的人是很少浪费时间的，因此他们在出发前常常会设法完成某项工作。
Do sth before doing 在什么之前把什么结束掉 Be tempted to do :特别想要做某事 Be eager/anxious/desperate to do Prefer to do Would like to do Would rather/sooner do Would prefer to do
I can’t resist the temptation to buy the beautiful dress.我特别渴望买下这条漂亮的裙子。
(书面语)I ’m quite/particularly tempted to buy the beautiful dress.
If no accidents occur on the way, like punctured tyres, diversions
of traffic, sudden descent of fog, they will be on time.
如果途中没有发生像暴胎、改道或是突然降下大雾一类的意外的话，他们会准时到达的。 Descent:降临
Darkness descent very soon.夜幕降临 On time=keep punctuality
Some people can be forgiven because of what they do even though they are unpunctual.
一些人因为他们的工作可以被原谅，即便他们迟到。
The over-punctual can be as much a trial to others as the unpunctual.
过于早到和迟到一样让人受不了 重点句型，背熟 the + adj.=n.形容词名词化
The guest who arrives half an hour too soon is the greatest
nuisance. Some friends of my family had this irritating habit. Nuisance=trial
The only thing to do was ask them to come half an hour later than the other guests. Then they arrived just when we wanted them.
唯一的措施就是约请他们比别的客人晚半个小时，这样他们正好在我们要求的时间到达。
The only thing to do is help you in this way.我只能这样帮你了。 What I want you to do is help me. 如果当不定式做表语，主句结构当中也出现了不定式，坐表语的不定式 to 符号应该被略掉， 以避免重复。
Although being early may mean wasting a little time, this will be less than if you miss the
train and have to wait an hour or more for the next one. 尽管早到可能意味着浪费一点时间，但是比起你搭上车而不得不等一小时或更长一些时间来 乘下一趟车所浪费的时间要少些。
Mean doing sth 意味 注意 less 的翻译
And you avoid the frustration of arriving at the very moment when the train is drawing out
of the station and being unable to get on it.
而且你避免了正好在火车离站时到达而不能上车的挫折。 Draw up:停车
Draw(pull) out of station:离战
When we get failures over and over again, we always get the
frustration inside our heart. The frustration inside you can prevent
you from doing what you are doing. 如果我们总是失败,我们的内心就会有一种挫败感. 挫败感会妨碍你做任何一件事情.
An even harder situation is to be on the platform in good time for a train and still to see it go off without you. Such an experience befell a certain young girl the first time she was traveling alone.
一个更难以忍受的情景是刚好及时来到站台，仍然眼巴巴看着火车开走而上不了车。某个年 轻姑娘初次单独旅行时曾有过这样的经历。 In good time =on time Befall=sth bad happen to
She entered the station twenty minutes before the train was due, since her parents had impressed upon her that it would be unforgivable to miss it and cause the friends with whom she was going to stay to make two journeys to meet her.
这个姑娘在列车进站前 20 分钟就进了站。因为她的父母叮
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嘱她说误了火车并迫使她去聚会 的朋友跑两次去接她，这是不可原谅的。 Due:按计划而正常进行
The meeting is due to begin at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning. 会议明天早上九点如期举行。 The train is due to set off at 3 pm.
Impress upon sb that:再三的叮嘱某人，repeat sth over and over again
Make two journeys to meet her 接她两次
He agreed that a train did come into the station at the time on the paper and that it did stop,
but only to take on mail, not passengers.
这个搬运工承认按纸上所写的时间是有一列火车进站，而且也会停，但是只是装邮件，不运 载旅客。 Did 在句中表示强调 Only 表示很遗憾的心情
I hurry to the store only to find it was closed.
The girl asked to see a timetable, feeling sure that her father
could not have made such a mistake.
这个姑娘要求看时刻表，心里想她父亲不会犯这样的错误。 Feeling sure that……
We have learnt to expect that trains are punctual.
The girl, tears streaming down her face, begged to be allowed to slip into the guard’s van.
这个姑娘的脸上流下了泪水，哀求让她溜进列车员的车厢。 tears streaming down her face 主格结构
And she had to watch that train disappear towards her destination while she was left behind.
她只得眼望着火车消失在她要去的方向，而自己却被留下了。 Disappear towards:朝着什么消失
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1…b…
neglect=disregard=ignore sparsely populated,fewpeople
only in a sparsely population rural community is it possible to disregard
punctuality.
2…b…cut things fine/cutted fine/cut time fine 3…d…
4…b…it is/will be/would be possible for sb to do sth 5…b…through:通过
although being early may mean wasting a little time.
6…c…had better,上级对下级或有经验的人对没有经验的人 7…a… 8…c…
9…c…in varying degrees:在不同的程度上（不断变化） 10…b… trial:讨厌的事 trying adj.气人的
detestable:可恨的，可憎的
provident:有先见之明的，有深谋远虑的
considerate=thoughtful:体贴的，inconsiderate:没有慎重考虑的 11…a…
impress upon:再三嘱托 stress the point
give the impression:给某人以印象 12…c…
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