高考英语 阅读理解基础精品练习题(12)

(201*·江苏卷，C)

According to the US government, wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gigawatts of electricity every year.Unfortunately，the water there is far too deep for even the tallest windmills(seepicture)to touch bottom. An experiment under way off the coast of Norway，however，could help put them anywhere.

The project, called Hywind，is the world's first large­scale deepwater wind turbine(涡轮发电机)．Although it uses a fairly standard 152­ton,2.3­megawatt turbine，Hywind represents totally new technology. The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the water on a floating spar(see picture)，a technology Hywind's creator，the Norwegian company StatoilHydro，has developed recently. The steel spar, which is filled with stones and goes 328 feet below the sea surface, will be tied to the ocean floor by three cables(缆索)；these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves.Hywind's stability(稳定性)in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the deepest corners of the ocean are suitable for wind power. If all goes according to plan, the turbine will start producing electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern Norway as early as September.

To produce electricity on a large scale, a commercial wind farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does, but it's difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floating spar in the middle of the ocean. To make that turbine heavier, the whole spar's centre of gravity must be moved much closer to the ocean's surface. To do that, the company plans to design a new kind of wind turbine, one whose gearbox(变速箱) sits at sea level rather than behind the blades(seepicture)．

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Hywind is a test run, but the benefits for perfecting floating wind­farm technology could be extremely large. Out at sea, the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore, where all existing off shore windmills are planted. Deep­sea farms are invisible from land, which helps overcome the windmill­as­eyesore objection. If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planet's surface to one of the best low­carbon power sources available.

本文为科普短文，讲述世界上第一个深海风力发电机——涡轮发电机以及它的发电原理及好处。

9．The Hywind project uses totally new technology to ensure the stability of________.

A. the cables which tie the spar to the ocean floor B. the spar which is floating in deep­sea water C. the blades driven by strong and steady sea wind D. the stones filled in the spar below the sea surface

答案：B。细节理解题。由文章第二段特别是“these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves”可知B项正确。

10．To balance a bigger turbine high on a floating spar, a new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox sitting________.

A. on the sea floor B. on the spar top C. at sea level D. behind the blades

答案：C。细节理解题。由文章第三段最后一句“...one whose gearbox sits at sea level rather than behind the blades.”可知C项正确。

11．Wide applications of deepwater wind power technology can________. A. solve the technical problems of deepwater windmills B. make financial profits by producing more turbines C. settle the arguments about environmental problems D. explore low­carbon power resources available at sea

答案：D。细节理解题。由文章最后一句“...it will open up vast areas of the planet's surface to one of the best low­carbon power sources available.”可知D项正确。 说明文A

(201*·江西八校联考)

High­tech machines have made life easier for millions around the world. However, some people still prefer low­tech ways of doing things. Here's an example

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of why this is happening. You can microwave a frozen hamburger in 60 seconds. However, it won't taste as good as the one you cook on the stove. And if you're in that much of a hurry, you probably won't take time to toast the bun. High­tech cooking saves time, but it doesn't make better­tasting meals.

Most people get their news from high­tech sources like television or the Internet. This has many advantages. For example, electronic news is more up to date than newspapers or magazines. It's also more exciting to see live and videotaped news events than photographs. However, newspapers and magazines have some important advantages. They give more background and details. They also let you read the parts that are important to you and skip the rest.

Other high­tech timesavers have similar disadvantages. For examples, most people use the phone or e­mail to stay in touch with friends and family members who live in other places. But when you use the Internet or the phone, you don't always think carefully about what you are saying, and sometimes you forget the important things you want to communicate. Similarly, when you word­process a homework assignment instead of handwriting it, you can check your spelling electronically and put in fancy headings. However, some students are so busy with the computer that they don't pay enough attention to the actual words they are writing.

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. The writer likes high­tech cooking.

B. Low­tech cooking produces better­tasting meals.

C. High­tech news programs always keep you reading what is important to you. D. Handwritten homework is better than word­processed homework. 2. How does the writer feel about high­tech tool? A. Better late than never. B. Easy come, easy go. C. Every coin has two sides. D. Learn to walk before you run.

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3. What is the main subject discussed in the text? A. High­tech vs low­tech. B. Advantages vs disadvantages.

C. Newspapers and magazines vs television and the Internet. D. Word­processing vs handwriting. 4. How is the text organized?

A. Main idea—Argument—Explanation. B. Opinion—Discussion—Description. C. Topic—Comparison—Supporting examples. D. Introduction—Supporting examples—Discussion. 答案与解析：

高科技的机器设备使世界上很多人受益，使生活更轻松。但是高科技和低科技各有长处和不足。

1．B 细节理解题。文章说明高科技和低科技各有长处和不足，作者并没有表明自己的态度，A项错误；由第一段最后一句话可知B项正确；根据第二段作者举的例子可知C项错误；根据第三段最后两句话可知D项错误。

2．C 观点判断题。作者从优势和不足两个方面谈论了high­tech tool，因此选C项。任何事物都有两面性。

3．A 主旨大意题。整篇文章自始至终作者都在对high­tech和low­tech进行比较，故选A项。

4．C 结构分析题。文章首先提出问题，然后进行比较分析，接下来举例说明。 ************************************************************结束

(2010·郑州质检)

In their book Time to Eat the Dog: The Real Guide to Sustainable Living, Robert and Brenda Vale say keeping a medium­sized dog has the same ecological impact as driving 10,000 km a year in a 4.6 liter Land Cruiser.

“We're not actually saying it is time to eat the dog. We're just saying

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that we need to think about and know the ecological impact of some of the things we do and that we take for granted.”

Constructing and driving the jeep for a year requires 0.41 hectares of land, while growing and manufacturing a dog's food takes about 0.84 hectares—or 1.1 hectares in the case of a large dog such as a German shepherd.

Convincing flesh­eating cats and dogs to go vegetarian for the sake of the planet is a non­starter, the Vales say. Instead they recommend keeping “greener”， smaller, and more sustainable pets, such as goldfish, chickens or rabbits.

The book's playful title, and serious suggestion that pet animals may be usefully “recycled”， by being eaten by their owners or turned into pet food when they die, may not appeal to animal fans.

Annoying as the idea may be, the question is valid given the planet's growing population and limited resources, Robert Vale said.

“Issues about sustainability are increasingly becoming things that are going to require us to make choices which are as difficult as eating your dog. It's not just about changing your light bulbs or taking a cloth bag to the supermarket，” he said.

“It's about much more challenging and difficult issues，” he added. “Once you see where cats and dogs fit in your overall balance of things, you might decide to have the cat but not also to have the two cars and the three bathrooms and be a meat eater yourself.”

1. The authors gave their book the playful title to ________. A. make it amusing B. create a vivid image C. show writing skills D. arouse people's concern

2. In Paragraph 3 the writer mainly wants to tell us ________. A. the amount of consumed land

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B. the neglected ecological impact C. some familiar examples D. some actual figures

3. Who may not like the idea of “recycling” pet animals? A. Manufacturers. B. Drivers. C. Animal fans. D. The authorities. 4. What do the authors think of living a sustainable life? A. Challenging. B. Inspiring. C. Inviting. D. Touching. 答案与解析：

Robert Vale和Brenda Vale写了一本名为Time to Eat the Dog: The Real Guide to Sustainable Living(《该吃狗了：永续生活》)的书，书中提到了一种绝对新鲜的观点——吃掉宠物，或者“回收”宠物。

1．D 推理判断题。Robert Vale和Brenda Vale写的书名非常有趣，从全文可知，他们这样写的目的在于吸引读者的眼球，引起人们环保的意识，所以答案选D项。

2．B 推理判断题。通过第三段建造和驾驶吉普车一年需要的土地的量和种植、生产一条狗的食物所需要土地的量的对比，我们不难发现第三段承接第二段第二句而写的，主要告诉我们“被忽视的生态影响”，所以答案选B项。

3．C 细节理解题。从第五段的may not appeal to animal fans可知，“回收”宠物的观点不受那些宠物爱好者的欢迎，所以答案选C项。

4．A 推理判断题。从最后一段中的It's about much more challenging and difficult issues可以知道，书的两位作者认为过环保的生活是非常有挑战性的，而且也是很困难的事情，所以答案选A项。

D

(2011·天津卷，C)

An idea that started in Seattle's public library has spread throughout America and beyond.The concept is simple：help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time.

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In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all，the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus，as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched(发起)the“If All of Seattle Read the Same Book”project in 1998.Her original program used author visits, study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities，and even to .

In Chicago，the mayor () appeared on television to announce the choice of

ToKillaMockingbird as the first book in the “One Book，One Chicago”program.As a

result，reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city.Across the US, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character.

The only problem arose in New York，where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.This may show that the idea works best in medium­sized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity (一致) can be achieved.Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point，putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than into discussion about a book itself.

Ultimately，as Nancy points out, the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book，but by how many people are enriched by the process，or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared_a_word.

西雅图的一名图书管理员建议大家在同一时间阅读同一本书，并允许陌生人在公共场所对这本书进行讨论，这样做既可以促进陌生人之间的交流，又能培养公众的社区意识。然而，在像纽约等一些大城市，由于人口背景复杂，很难选出一本具有代表性的书，或许这一想法在一些中等城市更容易实施。

12．What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy? A．To invite authors to guide readers. B．To encourage people to read and share. C．To involve people in community service. D．To promote the friendship between cities.

答案：B。细节理解题。由第二段“Her original program used author visits，study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book”．可以推知正确答案。

13．Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project?

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A．They had little interest in reading. B．They were too busy to read a book. C．They came from many different backgrounds. D．They lacked support from the local government.

答案：C。细节理解题。由第四段第一句话可知，纽约城市大，人口众多且文化背景多样化，因此人们很难选出一本有代表性的书。

14．According to the passage，where would the project be more easily carried out? A．In large communities with little sense of unity. B．In large cities where libraries are far from home. C．In medium­sized cities with a diverse population. D．In large towns where agreement can be quickly reached.

答案：D。细节理解题。由第四段第二句话可知，这一想法在中等城市或大的城镇较容易实施，因为在那儿人们很容易达成一致。C项为人口多样化的中等城市，与句意不符。

15．The underlined words“shared a word”in Paragraph 5 probably mean______. A．exchanged ideas with each otherB．discussed the meaning of a word C．gained life experienceD．used the same language

答案：A。词义猜测题。由第二段内容可知，该活动的目的就是让陌生人通过讨论这本书而达到交流的目的，故A项正确。

16．According to Nancy，the degree of success of the project is judged by______. A．the careful selection of a proper book B．the growing popularity of the writers C．the number of people who benefit from reading D．the number of books that each person reads

答案：C。细节理解题。根据最后一段“...the level of success is not measured by how many peope read the book，but by how many people are enriched by the process...”可知C项正确。

E

(2011·辽宁卷，D)

The Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to address the needs of the homeless population in the United States.It is a network of offices，some of which provide food and houses for the homeless population，and some of which fight for the passing of laws that would give every American the right to a place to call home.According to the Coalition's studies，of over two hundred million people living in the United States，up to three million are homeless—and the number is still

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growing.Since the late 1970s，fast­rising house prices，large cuts in government supported housing programs，and economic recession(经济衰退) have made it impossible for many Americans to meet housing costs.Sadly，this has resulted in a number of persons being forced to leave their homes and/or unable to find new affordable homes.According to another research，families with children appear to be the fastest­growing part of the homeless population，making up 39% of it.The old idea of a homeless person，that of the single man who gets drunk all the time，is no longer true.A much larger part of the population now finds itself homeless.Even worse，once a person becomes homeless，he often finds it impossible to find a job，since most employers require anyone who wants a job from them to provide a home address on a job application.

本文记叙了无家可归者联盟试图帮助解决无家可归人的需要。为他们提供食物和房屋，为他们的权力而战。从二十世纪七十年代以来，由于房价上升，支持减少，经济衰退，使无家可归者越来越多，更糟的是，他们找不到工作。

17．The underlined word “address” in the first line probably means “______”． A．talk about C．fight for

B．deal with D．write to

答案：B。词义猜测题。从下文可知，该联盟提供给无家者食物，房子，即表明该联盟在努力满足和解决无家者的需求。故B项正确。

18．How many people are homeless in the U．S.according to the Coalition studies? A．39% of the population.B．200 million people.

C．About 3 million people.D．About one­fifth of the population.

答案：C。细节理解题。根据短文第三句话可知，美国有两亿人口，其中有多达三百万人无家可归，且这个数还在上升。

19．Homeless people often have difficulty finding a job because______. A．they have no home addresses B．they mostly have a drinking problem

C．they aren't supported by government programs D．they often don't have enough work experience

答案：A。细节理解题。根据短文最后一句可知，因为大多数雇主要求找工作的人在申请表上填上家庭住址，所以无家可归者发现他们不可能找到工作。

20．What is the main cause of the rising number of the homeless in the U．S.? A．The passing of new housing laws.B．The fast growth of family size. C．The slow construction of houses.D．The ever­rising price of housing.

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答案：D。细节理解题。根据第四句话可知，从20世纪70年代，房价快速增长，使许多美国人不可能满足住房费用，从而使更多的人无家可归。 **************************06************************结束 *******************************06************************结束

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