英语语法术语(中英对照)

英语语法术语（汉英对照）

语法 grammar 句法 syntax 词法 morphology 句子 sentence

从句 clause 词组 phrase 词类 part of speech 单词 word

实词 notional word 虚词 structural word 单纯词 simple word

派生词 derivative 复合词 compound 词性 part of speech

名词 noun

专有名词 proper noun 普通名词 common noun

可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词 uncountable noun

抽象名词 abstract noun noun

具体名词 concrete noun 物质名词 material

集体名词 collective noun 个体名词 individual noun 介词 preposition

连词 conjunction

动词 verb

主动词 main verb

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及物动词 transitive verb 不及物动词 intransitive verb 系动词 link verb

助动词 auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词 regular verb

不规则动词 irregular verb 短语动词 phrasal verb 限定动词 finite verb

非限定动词 infinite verb 使役动词 causative verb

感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb

感叹词 exclamation

形容词 adjective

原级 positive 比较级 comparative 最高级 superlative

副词 adverb

方式副词 adverb of manner 程度副词 adverb of degree

时间副词 adverb of time 地点副词 adverb of place 修饰性副词 adjunct

连接性副词 conjunct 疑问副词 interrogative adverb

关系副词 relative adverb

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代词 pronoun

人称代词 personal pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun

反身代词 reflexive pronoun 相互代词 reciprocal pronoun

指示代词 demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词 interrogative pronoun

关系代词 relative pronoun 不定代词 indefinite pronoun

物主代词 possessive pronoun

名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun

形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun

冠词 article

定冠词 definite article 不定冠词 indefinite article 零冠词 zero article

数词 numeral

基数词 cardinal numeral numeral形式 form

序数词 ordinal numeral 分数词 fractional

单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form

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限定动词 finite verb form

非限定动词 non-finite verb form 原形 base form

从句 clause

从属句 subordinate clause 并列句 coordinate clause

名词从句 nominal clause 定语从句 attributive clause

状语从句 adverbial clause 宾语从句 object clause

主语从句 subject clause 同位语从句 appositive clause

时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place

方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner

让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession

原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause

结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result

目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose

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条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition

真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition

非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition

含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition

错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition

句子 sentence

简单句 simple sentence 并列句 compound sentence

复合句 complex sentence 并列复合句 compound complex sentence

陈述句 declarative sentence 疑问句 interrogative sentence

一般疑问句 general question 特殊疑问句 special question

选择疑问句 alternative question 附加疑问句 tag question

反义疑问句 disjunctive question 修辞疑问句 rhetorical question

感叹疑问句 exclamatory question 存在句 existential sentence

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肯定句 positive sentence 基本句型 basic sentence pattern

否定句 negative sentence 祈使句 imperative sentence

省略句 elliptical sentence 感叹句 exclamatory sentence

句子成分 members of sentences

主语 subject 谓语 predicate 宾语 object 双宾语 dual object

直接宾语 direct object object

间接宾语 indirect object 复合宾语 complex

同源宾语 cognate object 补语 complement 主补 subject complement

宾补 object complement 表语 predicative 定语 attribute

同位语 appositive 状语 adverbial

句法关系 syntactic relationship

并列 coordinate 从属 subordination

修饰 modification

前置修饰 pre-modification 后置修饰 post-modification

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restriction

双重 double-restriction 非 non-restriction

数 number

单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 不规则形式 irregular form

格 case

普通格 common case 所有格 possessive case 宾格 objective case

性 gender

阳性 masculine 阴性 feminine 通性 common 人称 person

第一人称 first person 第二人称 second person 时态 tense

规则形式 regular form

主格 nominative case

中性 neuter

第三人称 third person

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过去将来时 past future tense 过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense

过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense 一般现在时 present simple tense

一般过去时 past simple tense 一般将来时 future simple tense

现在完成时 present perfect tense 过去完成时 past perfect tense

将来完成时 future perfect tense 现在进行时 present continuous tense

过去进行时 past continuous tense 将来进行时 future continuous tense

过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense

现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense

过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense

语态 voice

主动语态 active voice 被动语态 passive voice

语气 mood

陈述语气 indicative mood 祈使语气 imperative mood

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虚拟语气 subjunctive mood

否定 negation

否定范围 scope of negation 全部否定 full negation

局部否定 partial negation 转移否定 shift of negation

语序 order

自然语序 natural order 倒装语序 inversion 全部倒装 full inversion

部分倒装 partial inversion

引语 speech

直接引语 direct speech 间接引语 indirect speech

自由直接引语 free direct speech 自由间接引语 free indirect speech

一致 agreement

主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement agreement

语法一致 grammatical

概念一致 notional agreement 就近原则 principle of proximity

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强调 emphasis 重复 repetition 语音 pronunciation 语调 tone

升调 rising tone 降调 falling tone 降升调 falling-rising tone

文体 style 结构 structure 层次 rank 正式文体 formal

非正式文体 informal expression

口语 spoken/oral English 套语 formulistic

用法 usage 感情色彩 emotional coloring 褒义 commendatory

贬义 derogatory 幽默 humorous 讽刺 sarcastic 挖苦 ironic

英国英语 British English 美国英语 American English