中国语言文化 译文

《中国语言文化》结课作业

姓 名： 袁琦 学 院： 研究生学院 学 号： 2015209143 教 师： 王显志、曹润宇

2015年12月28日

事实上，中国人没有宗教需要感的原因是他们在儒教中有一个哲学和道德体系，一个可以替代宗教的人类社会和文明的综合。人们说儒教不是一种信仰。确实，在这个词的一般的欧洲意义上，儒教当然不是一种宗教。但我要说儒教的伟大就在于它不是宗教。事实上，它虽然不是宗教，但是它能代替宗教；它能够使人不需要宗教，这就是儒教的伟大之处。

现在，为了理解儒教如何能够取代宗教，我们必须尝试找到为什么人类、为什么人有宗教需要感。在我看来，人类需要宗教的感觉和需要科学、艺术以及哲学的感觉一样。原因是人类是有灵魂的存在。现在让我们以科学为例，我是说自然科学。让人们从事科学研究的原因是什么？现在很多人认为人们之所以这样做，是因为他们想要铁路和飞机。但激励真正的科学家去从事科学研究的动机不是因为他们想要铁路和飞机。那一类当前持进步论的中国人，他们从事科学是因为他们想要铁路和飞机，永远得不到科学。过去欧洲真正的科学家，为了科学的进步而工作，把修建铁路和飞机的可能性变为现实，他们根本没有考虑铁路和飞机。那些欧洲真正的科学家之所以在为了科学进步而作的工作中获得成功，是因为他们从灵魂上有了解我们生活的这个奇妙宇宙的无穷奥秘的需要。因此我说，人类有宗教需要的感觉和有科学、艺术以及哲学需要的感觉是出自同样的原因；这个原因就是，人是有灵魂的存在，因为他有灵魂，他才不仅探索现在而且探索过去、未来——不像动物那样只是生活在现在——并感受到需要理解他们生活于其中的宇宙的奥秘。除非人类理解自然的某些规律，看清世间万物的发展方向，否则他们就像黑屋子里的孩子，只感到一切都是危险的、不安全和不确定的。事实上，正如一个英国诗人所说，神秘宇宙是人们身上的重担。因此人类需要科学、艺术和哲学，出于同样的原因也需要宗教，为了减轻他们“神秘的负担„„来自这个未知世界的一切沉重的，令人厌烦的负担。”

但我认为儒家学说虽不是宗教却能代替宗教。因此，在儒家学说里一定有什么东西，能给予众生同样的安全感和永恒感，就像宗教提供给他们的一样。现在让我们找出在儒家学说里，那种能像宗教一样给予同样的安全感和永恒感的东西。 人们经常请我讲讲孔子为中华民族所作的贡献。现在我能告诉你们，我认为孔子为中国人完成了许多事情。但是由于我今天没有时间，在此我只能告诉你们，孔子为中华民族做的一件主要的而且是最重要的事情，甚至可以说是他生前唯一做过的事情，按照孔子自己的说法，后人会借此了解他，了解他为他们做的事情。 ------摘自《中国人的精神》 辜鸿铭著

In fact, the reason of Chinese without need feelings in religion is a philosophy and morality system in Confucianism, one synthesis of human society and civilization that can take the place of religion. People realized Confucianism not a belief. Indeed, it is not a religion in the ordinary European sense of the word. However, the greatness of Confucianism is that it is not religion. The matter of a fact, it is not a religion but can take place of religion; it can make people without religion, this is the greatness of Confucianism.

At present, we must try to find out why do human or people have need feelings of religion to understand how can Confucianism take place of religion. As for me, the need feelings of religion from people is as same as the need of science, art and philosophy. The reason is that human is an

existence with spirit. Let us take science for example, physical science. What’s the reason which makes people take up the study of science? Now many people believe the reason why to do so is that they want to have railways and planes. However, the motivation that encourages the real scientists to take up the study of science is not their needs for railways and planes. The kind of Chinese holding Progressive Theory at present, are taking up science because they want to get railways and planes, not getting science finally. Real scientists in Europe in the past worked for the progress of science, changing the possibilities of building railways and making planes into reality, not considering railways and planes at all. What made the real European scientists succeed in their work for science progress, is because they felt in their soul, to understand the awful mystery of the wonderful universe where we live is necessary. So I say, the need feelings of mankind for the same reason that the need feelings of science, art and philosophy; that is mankind is a being with a soul, and because of the soul, which looks into the past, future and present---not like animal living only in the present---feels the need of understanding the mystery of this universe in which they live. Men would be like children in dark houses feeling all the things dangerous, unsafe and uncertain, unless they have had understand some laws of nature and find out the developing tendency of the things in this universe. In fact, as one English poet saying, mysterious universe is the heavy burden upon the men. Therefore, mankind need science, art and philosophy, as well as religion, to lighten for them “The burden of the mystery,… The heavy and weary weight of all this unintelligible world.” （原文作者引用）

But I think although Confucianism is not a religion, it can take the place of religion. It must be caused busy something in Confucianism, which can give the same sense of security and permanence to the mass of kind, like something provided by religion. At present, let us find out the thing which can give the same sense of security and permanence like religion.

I have been asked to talk about what Confucius has done for the Chinese nation often. Now I can tell you that I think Confucius did many things for Chinese. Unfortunately, I don’t have enough time, I can tell you the only thing, a principal and the most important thing which Confucius done for the Chinese nation, one thing can be summarized as the only thing he did in his life. According to the saying by himself, descendant would know about him, would know about what he had done for them.