高中英语语法《主谓一致》教案

一主谓一致的种类

1.语法形式上的一致

主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。如:

The number of the students present is 200.

Jane and Mary look alike.

2.意义上一致

1主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。如:The crowd were shouting.

单数形式代表复数内容的词有:people,police,cattle等。

2主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。如:The news was so surprising.

形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称,如physics,politics,economics等。

3.就近原则

即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or,either…or,neither…not,not only…but also等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如:

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Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.

(二主谓一致的应用

1.名词作主语

1某些集体名词,如family,team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

His family is a happy one.

The whole family are watching TV.

这类名词有:audience,class,club,company,crew,enemy,crowd,government,group,party,public,team等。

名词population一词的使用情况类似。“a group(crowd of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数,前者强调整体,后者强调各个部分。

2某些集体名词,如people,police,cattle等,只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。如:

The police are searching for the thief.

3单、复数同形的名词主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如:A sheep is over there.

Some sheep are over there.

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4名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等,作主语时,动词一般用单数。如:

The doctor’s is across the street.

My uncle’s is not far from here.

常见的省略名词有:the baker’s,the barber’s,the carpenter’s,the Zhang’s等。

表示店铺的名词,一般作集体名词看待,但用作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数。如:

Richardson’s have a l ot of goods to sell.

5当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数形式。如:

Three years has passed since then.

6不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:

Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.

7如果主语有more than one…或many a…构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:

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More than one student has read the book.

Many a girl has been there.

但是,“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后,谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如:

More members than one are against your plan.

8一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式,例如:glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of,a pair of,a series of等加名词”构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:

A pair of shoes was on the desk.

9this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书,其谓语动词用单数;短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(口语(这一类人,但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数,men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数,all kinds of后跟复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

This kind of men is dangerous.

Men of this kind are dangerous.

10复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致原则,作用单数意义时,谓语用单数,反之,谓语用复数。这类名词有:means(方法,works(工厂,species(种类,Chinese,Japanese等。如:

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The(This glass works was set up in 1980.(这家玻璃厂建于1980年。

The(Theseglass works are near the railway station.(这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。

当它们前面有a,such a,this,that修饰时,谓语用单数;有all,such,these,those修饰时,谓语用复数,但means,no means,the means等词前没有以上修饰词时,可用作单数,也可用作复数。

11如果名词词组中心词是all,most,half,rest等词语,所指的复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式;反之,用单数。如:

All of my classmates like music.

All of the water is gone.

12在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:

Between the two windows hangs a picture.

2.由连接词连接的名词作主语

1用and或both…and连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式。如:

Plastics and rubber never rot.

Walking and riding are good exercises.

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但是,并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如:

Truth and honesty is the best policy.

The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.

To love and to be loved is great happiness.

Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.

A knife and fork is on the table.

2当主语后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数而定。如:

The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.

3以or,either…or,neither…nor,not only…but also等连接的名词(代词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如:Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.

Either you or he is to go.

3.代词作主语

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1名词性物主代词作主语时,既可以用作单数,也可以用作复数,这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如:

Your shoes are black,and mine(=my shoes are brown.

2such,the same起指示代词作用时,应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如:

Such is our plan.Such are his words.

3关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:

Those who want to go please put up your hands.

Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.

4疑问代词who,what,which作主语时,谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如:

Who lives next door?It is Xiao Liu.Who live next door?It is Zhang and Liu.

5不定代词any,either,neither,none,all some,more等作主语时,有以下两种情况:

单独作主语时,视其在文中的意义,动词用单数或复数形式,例如:

Now all has been changed.All are present.

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either,neither单独作主语时,谓语通常用单数。

但后接of时,若of的宾语为不可数名词,动词当然用单数形式,若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时,动词可以是单数,也可以是复数,在正式文体中,单数形式的动词更常用。如:

Do(es any of you know his address?None of them has(haveseen the film.

4.分数、量词作主语

1“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of,lots of plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of,half of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语,例如:Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.

和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数”,但是,“the number of+名词”的中心词却是number,试比较:

A number of students have gone home.

The number of pages in this book is two hundred.注意:(largequantities of修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数,例如:

Quantities of food(nuts were on the table.

短语in quantity,in large quantities意为“大量”;in small quantities意为“少量”。

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2a great deal of,a large amount of修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;large amounts of修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数,例如:

A large amount of(A great deal ofdamage was done in a very short time.

3表示数量的one and a half后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,例如:

One and a half bananas is left on the table.

4half of,(a part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数,修饰可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数。

5.名词化的形容词作主语

如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数,这类词有:the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dead,the deaf and dumb,the oppressed,the injured,the wounded,the unemployed等;但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。如:

The blind study in special schools.

The departed was a well-known engineer.

这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man,person或表示人的单数连和,如:an old man,a rich person,the(awounded soldier

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6.从句作主语

1由what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的具体内容是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用复数形式,例如:What we need is more time.

What we need are doctors.

2在“one of+复数名词++who/that/which”引导的从句结构中,关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此,从句中的动词应该是复数形式。如:

This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.

但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时,关系代词的先行词是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词,因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如:She was the only one of the girls who was late.

主谓一致的练习

1.Nobody but Jane____the secret.

A.know

B.knows

C.have known

D.is known

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2.All but one_____here just now.

A.is

B.was C.has been D.were

3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary____tired of having one examination after another.

A.is

B.are

C.am

D.be

4.A library with five thousnd books_______to the nation as a gift.

A.is offered B.have offered C.are offered D.has offered

5.When and where to build the new factory_____yet.

A.is not decided

B.are not decided

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C.has not decided

D.have not decided

6.The number of people invited______fifty,but a number of them____absent for different reasons.

A.were,was

B.was,was

C.was,were

D.were,were

7._____of the land in that district_____covered with trees and grass.

A.Two fifth,is

B.Two fifth,are

C.Two fifths,is

D.Two fifths,are

8.This is one of the most interesting questions that____asked.

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A.have

B.has

C.have been

D.has been

9.Between then two rows of trees_____the teaching building.

A.stand

B.stands

C.standing

D.are

10.All that can be done___

A.has been done

B.has done C.have done D.were done

11.They each_____a new dictionary.

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A.has

B.have

C.is

D.are

12.The singer and the dancer______come to the meeting.

A.has

B.have C.are D.is

13.I have finished a large part of the book;the rest_____more difficult.

A.is

B.are

C.was

D.were

14.The wounded_______by the hospital.

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A.have been taken in C.has been taken in C.have taken in D.has taken in KEYS:1-5 BDBAC 6-10 CCCBA 11-14 BBAA

1.Neither of them______going to the cinema.Both of them_____going to the cinema.

A.is;are

B.is;is

C.are;was

D.are;is

2.All but one_____here just now.All that I want to say____this.

A.was;were

B.was;is

C.were;is

D.were;were

3.A number of students____gone for an outing.The number of the students______increasing year.

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A.have;has

B.is;have

C.has;have

D.have;is

4.Some of the oranges______turned bad.Some of the milk_______turned sour(酸.

A.have;has

B.have;have

C.has;have

D.have;is

5.Each student-____got an English-Chinese dictionary.The students each______a dictionary.

A.have;has

B.has;have

C.have;have

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D.has;has

6.There_____a pen,an ink bottle,and some books on it.There________some bowls,plates and a spoon on it.

A.is;are

B.are;are

C.are;is

D.is;is

7.Either the judge or the lawvers________wrong.Either you or he_______to blame.

A.is;are

B.are;is

C.are;are

D.is;is

8.His family______all very well.His family_______a“five good”one.

A.are;is

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B.is;is

C.are;are

D.is;are

9.My blue trousers______worn out.One pair of trousers______not enough.

A.is;are

B.are;are

C.is;is

D.are;is

10.Our League secretary and monitor______the lead in everything.Our League secretary and the monitor____good friends.

A.take;are

B.take;is

C.takes;is

D.takes;are

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11.The girl as well as his parents______a bike.Not only the students but also the professor_____surprised at Mary’s answer.

A.have;was

B.have;were

C.has;was

D.has;were

12.Who_____the girl singing in the next room?Who______these people over there?

A.are;are

B.are;is

C.is;are

D.is;is

13.Most of the students_____boys.Most of his money_____spent on books.

A.are;is

B.is;is

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C.are;are

D.is;are

14.The policeman______standing at the street corner.The police_____searching for him.

A.are;is

B.are;are

C.is;are

D.is;is

15.The glasses______mine.That pair of glasses_____my brother’s.

A.are;is

B.are;are

C.is;are

D.is;is

16.The news at six o’clock_____not true.Those pieces of news_____to be broadcasted.

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A.are;is

B.are;are

C.is;are

D.is;is

17.Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons______taking a walk in the park now.Grandpa Wang,together with his two grandsons,____taking a walk in the park now.

A.are;are

B.is;are

C.is;is

D.are;is

18.No one but Jane______the secret.Nobody but Mary and I___in the classroom at that time.

A.know;was

B.knows;was

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C.know;were

D.knows;were

19.There_______nothing but two looms in the hall.There_____something wrong with the machine.

A.was;is

B.was;are

C.were;is

D.were;are

20.He is one of the boys who_____never late for school.He is the only one of the boys who_____never late for school.

A.is;are

B.are;are

C.are;is

D.is;is

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21.What they have done______of great use to us.What he says and what he does___agree.

A.is;not

B.is;do not

C.are;does not

D.are;not

22.Every picture except these two_______.Everything around us_____matter.

A.have been sold;is

B.have been sold;are

C.has been sold;is

D.has been sold;are

23.A woman with two children______coming up to us.Mary,along with her parents,___moved to Paris.

A.is;has

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B.is;have

C.are;have

D.are;has

24.one sixth of our classmates_____from peasant families.One fifth of her time____devoted to writing.

A.comes;is

B.come;are

C.come;is

D.comes;are

25.Only 10 percent of the students in the class_____League members.About 40%of Jim’s income______to the rent(租金.

A.are;goes

B.are;go

C.is;goes

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D.is;go

26.It is this teacher who______leaving for London.It is you who____next.

A.are;are

B.is;are

C.are;is

D.is;is

27.The population of the earth_____increasing fast.One third of the population here_____workers.

A.is;are

B.is;is

C.are;is

D.are;are

28.This kind of snakes_____very dangerous.These kinds of metal_____hard to find.

A.is;is

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B.are;is

C.is;are

D.are;are

29.Half of the visitors_____from Europe.Half of the fruit_____bad.

A.is;are

B.is;is

C.are;is

D.are;are

30.Every man worker and every woman worker___free medical care.At Christmas each boy and each girl__given a present.

A.enjoy;is

B.enjoy;are

C.enjoys;is

D.enjoys;are

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31.Many a man______seen the wonderful film.Many men_____seen the wonderful film.

A.has;has

B.has;have

C.have;has

D.have;have

32.Going to bed early and getting up early_____a good habit.Singing and dancing_____two of the things that he likes best.

A.is;is

B.are;is

C.is;are

D.are;are

33.Such______Albert Einstein,a simple man of great achievements.Such______her words.

A.were;were

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B.was;were

C.were;were

D.was;was

34.Besides Xiao Wang,Wiao Ma_____willing to do the work.The factory,including its machines_____burnt last night.

A.was;is

B.were;is

C.was;are

D.were;are

35.If anybody_____,ask him to wait._____there anything I can do for you?

A.come;Is

B.come;Are

C.comes;Are

D.comes;Is

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36.Chinese_____not so difficult to learn.The Chinese people________brave and hard working.

A.is;is

B.are;is

C.is;are

D.are;are

37.Little_____done to prevent the air from being polluted.Much_____done to against fight pollution.

A.has been;have been

B.have;has

C.has been;has been

D.have been;have been

38.Do you know the singer and dancer who_____standing at the gate?China has thousands of islands,the largest of which____Taiwan.

A.is;are

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B.is;is

C.are;is

D.are;are

39.Each of the girls____an orange.Each______his duty.A.have;has B.have;have C.has;has D.has;have 40.When we are to hold the sports meet____been decided.Whether he succeeds or fails______matter.A.have;don’t B.has;don’t C.have;doesn’t D.has;does’t 41.Her clothes____nearly worn out.His physics______weaker than others.A.is;is B.are;is C.is;are D.are;are A.is A.is A.is B.are A.is;is B.are;are B.are B.are B.are B.are 42.Five hundred dollars______more than he can afford.43.Food and clothing____daily necessities for people.44.The United Nations___trying to persuade the two countries.45.Three kilometers____not a long distance.A.is 46.To say something_______one thing,to do it_____another.47.Reading English magazines and novels____helpful to your study of English.A.is 48.He like you and Xiao Liu______very diligent.49.Between the two buildings_____a hospital.50.How to get rid of these things____a big problem.答案：答案：1—5 ACDAB 26—30BACCC 6—10ABADD 31—35BCBAD A.is A.stand A.are B.are B.stands B.is 11—15CCACA 16 16—20CDBAD21—25BCACA 46—50AAABB 36—40CCBCD41—45BABAA

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