我国水污染治理：给江河湖泊以“人文关怀”

development to prop up, be it unbearable heavy burden of, also need to rest and recuperate to living an interest.

Key word:Rest and recuperate to living an interest, the water pollution manages, humanities care, manage river river lake

Rest and recuperate to living an interest, is our country history up govern important experience of country reason government, pass to ease people's burden, stabilize a life, instauration vitality of a series of policy, gradually promote economy development, people rich the country is strong.Equally, the natural environment is an economic social development to prop up, be it unbearable heavy burden of, also need to rest and recuperate to living an interest.

Let river the river lake rest and recuperate to living an interest and resume organic, not only is policy measure that manages river river lake, but also is station's height in the ecosystem civilization, guide a new period our country to cure water to cure dirty of great strategy thought.In recent years, loose flower river, Huaihe, Liao river, too the lake river valley successively starts trying of\"rest and recuperate to living an interest\" and obtains obvious result.

Sweep away pollution and take a rest with water, \"rest and recuperate and living an interest\" and become curing water and curing dirty strategic instruction thought

Many in the last yearses, when our country economic development obtains glorious achievement, some river river lakes pollute severity, unbearable heavy burden, water environment safe affairs have occurrence. In May, 2007, convene in Harbin of loose flower river river valley water pollution prevention and cure the working conference spread news, nation already loose flower river the river valley water pollution preventing and

curing speaking of higher strategic position, adopt a series of and related policy, enlarge a pollution treatment further, let loose flower the river rest and recuperate to living an interest and promote whole river valleys of can keep on development and harmony stable.

This is the first time nation puts forward to let water environment rest and recuperate to livinged an interest, its content is been concerned with ? with humanities for river's the river lake and continuously eased its pollution burden and resumed eco-system of vitality, this was the person and nature harmonious principle's embodiment in higher layer.

Only explicit responsibility, just can rest and recuperate the principle of livinging the interest to change into pressure, promote an activity.Carry out humanities care, the all levels government is a first responsibility.

In 2007, the national environmental protection bureau is entrusted by State Department, signed pollution to reduce a row target responsibility booked with point each province class of river valley government, practiced a target to investigate responsibility system at first.

In 2008 the office bottom in State Department delivered point river valley water pollution prevention and cure particularly item the notice that program an implementation circumstance to investigate a temporary way, environmental protection department along with department concerned in State Department this year last half year to Huaihe, sea river, Liao river and too the upper stream in the lake, the nest lake, Dian pond and Yangtse gorges database area and its upper stream, yellow river etc. point river valley water pollution prevention and cure programming implementation the circumstance carried on to investigate.

\"The protection can keep on exploitation for the sake of the future.The our country cured water to have no the angle of view overall situation from the river valley and the eco-system before consideration.\"Medium king in the ecoenvironment research center in section hospital such as loose think, \"resting and recuperating to living an interest\" is a rest, self-restraint, resume and throw in kind and genial need a natural activity, let to bear the heavy water body get a rest.The implementation lets river the river lake rest

and recuperate the policy measure of livinging the interest, the purpose lies in \"take a rest with water\valley water pollution.

While resting and recuperating the instruction of livinging the interest brand-new way of thinking, environmental protection section's giving river's the river lake is continuously been concerned with ? with humanities, passes pollution burden of easing the river river lake, improves environment quality, resumes ecosystem balance, re-appears the life vitality of river river lake.This is comprehensive the usage is economic society development the regulation and natural regulation guide the important embodiment of environmental protection work, is a person and nature harmonious principle's important embodiment in higher layer.

Prevention for lord the source head manage, much tube together descend to push forward point river valley water pollution prevention and cure Still the source of vitality is at river's river, with lake with take a rest, prevent and cure a work in the water pollution in, our country the department concerned and local government investigate Chinese special feature environmental protection hard road, pay attention to prevention for lord, the source head manage.

-The sound and perfect point river valley water pollution prevents and cures a mechanism

In recent years, loose flower river and Dan river the upper stream, Dian pond and nest lake river valley water pollution prevention and cure program in the middle of the database area, Yangtse gorges database area, Huaihe and sea river, Liao river and yellow river and too the lake river valley water environment comprehensive manage a total project continuously set. The central public finance establishes \"three rivers three lakes\" and loosens to spend a river river valley water pollution to manage particularly item funds, 2007, 2008 years respectively arrange item funds particularly are 5,000,000,000 dollars.Set in State Department need inside the extension of 10 measure, gave point support to the point the river valley water pollution preventing and curing among them.The strength for support for loan for

letter for bank continuously enlarges, \"15\"3 years ago national bank for reconstruction & development in Huaihe and too lake and Yangtse gorges 8 river valley total amounts, such as database area and upper stream...etc. issued to borrow 12,880,000,000 dollars support river valley pollution treatment work.

At the same time, in signing pollution to reduce a row target responsibility book, practicing the foundation that the target investigates responsibility system, the end of last year, batch in State Department turn a main pollutant total amount to reduce row to statistics, monitor and investigate a way and reduce a pollution row completion the circumstance bring into everyplace economy society development comprehensive evaluation system, is a place all levels government leadership the staff synthesize to examine the important contents that investigates with the business enterprise representative director's accomplishment.

-Push town wastewater treatment facilities construction and luck camp The central public finance established facilities and the kit tube net\"BE repaired with prize generation\" of the town wastewater treatment particularly item funds, arrange \"BE repaired with prize generation\" respectively funds are 6,500,000,000 dollars and 7,000,000,000 dollars for 2007, 2008 years.Up to the end of 2008, the whole country establishes city city, county and part to particularly set up to make a town to totally be finished the wastewater treatment factory is 1459, the day handles ability 85,530,000 tons and compares \"15\"60.5% and 42.6% of increasing in last phase respectively.

-Strengthen industrial structure adjustment, the strict environment is quasi- to go into the pass is curing dirtily at the same time, national and relevant the local government strengthen a control pollution from the source head and push forward industrial structure adjustment, the further norm wreath reviews procedure, and it is quasi- to raise environment into the threshold.

Shandong province asks for constucting item wreath the examination and approval that review to have to press the procedure of \"first calculate,

behind review, again criticize\" to carry on, making sure to constuct item review a document to carry on a reviewing to the wreath again after can'ting influence to reduce to line up a task.Still want to carry on an examination and approval again to the construction item that passes a reviewing. Jiangsu province definitely stipulates to come short of standard to earth's surface water environment function area fluid matter of, line up a dirty total amount to exceed control index sign of, don't complete to eliminate to fall behind a productivity task on time of, have never pressed the plan completion a pollution to reduce a row task of, illegally violate the rules to examine and approve the region of resulting in the serious result, practice \"the district limit criticizes\".

-The water pollution prevents and cures by law but goes and illegally necessarily investigates

The water pollution prevention and cure method revises perfect, related law explanation and stipulate a successive set, for pushed forward water pollution prevention and cure completely work to provide emollient law weapon.Is a series of to be advantageous to the public finance, revenue from tax of environmental protection and believe policies, such as loan and insurance...etc., betterly guide and inspected the environment behavior in the business enterprise production management activity.

In 2008, the whole country starts out a more than 160 myriad peoples time of each kind of law enforcement official, the check business enterprise is 70 many ten thousand times, register for the record to check place to the 15,000 environments illegal business enterprise, the nominal quotation director typical model environment illegal case more than 3000 piece;The crackdown, close drinks a dirty of row in the headwaters sanctuary and illegally constucts 845 items.

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简介：休养生息，是我国历史上治国理政的一条重要经验，通过减轻人民负担、安定生活、恢复元气的一系列政策，逐步促进经济发展、民富国强。同样，自然环境是经济社会发展的支撑，当它不堪重负之时，也需要休养生息。

关键字：休养生息，水污染治理，人文关怀，治理江河湖泊

 休养生息，是我国历史上治国理政的一条重要经验，通过减轻人民负担、安定生活、恢复元气的一系列政策，逐步促进经济发展、民富国强。同样，自然环境是经济社会发展的支撑，当它不堪重负之时，也需要休养生息。

 让江河湖泊休养生息、恢复生机，不仅是治理江河湖泊的一项政策措施，更是站在生态文明的高度，指导新时期我国治水治污的重大战略思想。近年来，松花江、淮河、辽河、太湖流域先后开始“休养生息”的尝试，取得明显成效。

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扫除污染 与水休息，“休养生息”成为治水治污战略指导思想

多年来，在我国经济建设取得辉煌成就的同时，一些江河湖泊污染严重，不堪重负，水环境安全事件时有发生。

2007年5月，在哈尔滨召开的松花江流域水污染防治工作会议传出消息，国家已将松花江流域水污染防治工作提到更高的战略位置，采取一系列相关政策，进一步加大污染防治的力度，让松花江休养生息，促进全流域的可持续发展与和谐稳定。

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 这是国家第一次提出让水环境休养生息，它的内涵就是给江河湖泊以人文关怀，不断减轻其污染负荷，恢复生态系统的活力，这是人与自然和谐的理念在更高层次上的体现。

 只有明确责任，才能把休养生息的理念化为压力，促进行动。实施人文关怀，各级政府是第一责任者。

2007年，原国家环保总局受国务院委托，与重点流域各省级政府签订了污染减排目标责任书，实行目标考核责任制。

2008年国务院办公厅下发了重点流域水污染防治专项规划实施情况考核暂行办法的通知，环境保护部会同国务院有关部门于今年上半年对淮河、海河、辽河、太湖、巢湖、滇池、三峡库区及其上游、黄河中上游等重点流域水污染防治规划实施情况进行了考核。

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 “保护是为了将来可持续利用。我国以前治水没有从流域和生态系统的视角全局考虑。”中科院生态环境研究中心王如松认为，“休养生息”是休息、涵养、恢复、投入和善待自然的活动，让负担沉重的水体得到休息。实施让江河湖泊休养生息的政策措施，目的就在于“与水休息”，从根本上防治重点流域水污染。

 在休养生息崭新思路的指导下，环保部门给予江河湖泊以人文关怀，通过不断减轻江河湖泊的污染负荷，改善环境质量，恢复生态平衡，重现江河湖泊的生命活力。这是综合运用经济社会发展规律和自然规律指导环境保护工作的重要体现，是人与自然和谐的理念在更高层次上的重要体现。

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预防为主 源头治理，多管齐下推进重点流域水污染防治

还生机于江河，与湖泊以休息，在水污染防治工作中，我国有关部门和地方政府努力探索中国特色环境保护道路，注重预防为主、源头治理。 ——健全完善重点流域水污染防治机制

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 近年来，松花江、丹江口库区、三峡库区、淮河、海河、辽河、黄河中上游、滇池、巢湖流域水污染防治规划和太湖流域水环境综合治理总体方案陆续出台。

中央财政设立了“三河三湖”及松花江流域水污染治理专项资金，2007、2008年分别安排专项资金50亿元。国务院出台了扩大内需的10项措施，其中对重点流域水污染防治工作予以了重点支持。银行信贷支持力度不断加大，“十一五”前3年国家开发银行在淮河、太湖、三峡库区及上游等８个流域累计发放贷款128.8亿元支持流域污染防治工作。

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 同时，在签订污染减排目标责任书，实行目标考核责任制的基础上，去年底，国务院批转主要污染物总量减排统计、监测、考核办法，将污染减排完成情况纳入各地经济社会发展综合评价体系，作为地方各级政府领导干部综合考评和企业负责人业绩考核的重要内容。

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——推动城镇污水处理设施建设和运营

中央财政设立了城镇污水处理设施及配套管网“以奖代补”专项资金，2007、2008年分别安排“以奖代补”资金65亿元和70亿元。截至2008年底，全国设市城市、县及部分重点建制镇共建成污水处理厂1459座，日处理能力8553万吨，分别比“十五”末期增加了60.5%和42.6%。

 ——加强产业结构调整，严格环境准入关

在治污的同时，国家和有关地方政府加强从源头控制污染，推进产业结构调整，进一步规范环评程序，提高环境准入门槛。

山东省要求建设项目环评的审批要按“先算、后审、再批”的程序进行，确定建设项目不会影响减排任务后，再对环评文件进行审查。对通过审查的建设项目还要再进行审批。 江苏省明确规定对地表水环境功能区水质未达到标准的、排污总量超过控制指标的、未按时完成淘汰落后产能任务的、未按计划完成污染减排任务的、违法违规审批造成严重后果的地区，实行“区域限批”。

——水污染防治依法而行、违法必究

水污染防治法修订完善，相关法律解释和规定相继出台，为全面推进水污染防治工作提供了有力的法律武器。一系列有利于环境保护的财政、税收、信贷、保险等政策，更好地引导并监督了企业生产经营活动中的环境行为。

2008年，全国出动各类执法人员160余万人次，检查企业70多万家次，对1.5万家环境违法企业立案查处，挂牌督办典型环境违法案件3000余件；取缔、关闭饮用水源保护区内的排污口及违法建设项目845个。