文章是由一个个的单句整合而成，所以，要想写出一篇漂亮的英语作文，就必须写出准确无误的句子。从用途来分，句子能够分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句；从结构来分，句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。而英语的简单句从句型来分，常见的有五种基本句型：
一、主语 + 不及物动词
Time flies.
She can read and write.
但这样简单的主谓结构是很少的，它常常会带有状语，即：
主语 + 不及物动词 + 状语
这样的结构中状语常见的模式有：
1）主语 + 不及物动词 + 副词 Birds sing beautifully.
He went upstairs. 2）主语 + 不及物动词 + 介词短语 He went on holiday. 3）主语 + 不及物动词 + 不定式 We stopped to have a rest.
4）主语 + 不及物动词 + 分词 I’ll go swimming.
5）主语 + 不及物动词 + 名词 （表示时间，水准，距离，方法，方向，数量等） We travel 200 miles last week.
Come this way.
翻译下列句子：
1.他等了半小时。
2.我跑到车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。
3.明亮的太阳在蓝色的天空中照耀着。
4.那个小男孩站在那里读故事书。
5.他昨天早上很晚起床。
二、主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
We like English.
同样带状语的较多：I met him in the street yesterday.
常用来充当宾语的有以下几种现象：
1) 主语 + 及物动词 + 名词/代词
I like music.
I like her.
2) 主语 + 及物动词 + 动名词
常带动名词作宾语的及物动词有：advise, avoid, consider, allow, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, practice, risk, suggest, give up, look forward to 等。
I am considering going abroad. He admitted taking the book.
3) 主语 + 及物动词 + 不定式
常带不定式作宾语的及物动词有：dare, need, want, wish, decide, desire, expect,
hope, intend, learn, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, attempt等。
I want to help him. They decided to give up smoking. 注意：英语中有的及物动词只能带动名词作宾语，有的只能带不定式作宾语，而有的
及物动词既能带动名词又能带不定式作宾语。有的及物动词带动名词和不定式作宾语时意思一样，有的及物动词带动名词和不定式作宾语时意思不一样，这些都是在背单词的时候特别要注意的。
A.意思一样的有：like, begin/start等。
B.意思不一样的有：remember, forget, regret, stop, try, mean, can’t help, go on等。
问：这些词后接不定式和动名词时各是什么意思？
4) 主语 + 及物动词 + 疑问词 + 不定式
常用于这种句型的及物动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget,
guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, think, understand,
wonder等。
I don’t know what to do next. = I don’t know what I will do next. I wonder when to set off. = I wonder when I will set off.
5) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语从句
很多及物动词都能接宾语从句，但要注意表示“喜欢，讨厌”之类的及物动
词一般不接宾语从句。这类动词常见的有：like, dislike, hate, enjoy, appreciate
等。
I hate it when a person speaks with his mouth full of food.
I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.
翻译下列句子：
1.这个孩子做了一个噩梦。
2.没人知道他住在哪里。
3.我的鞋子需要修补。
4.你介意我开窗吗？
5.他爸爸回来的时候他假装要出去。
6.我知道他是个诚实的孩子。
三、主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
1)主语 + 及物动词 + sb. + sth.
I sent him a book.
I bought Mary a new book yesterday.
常误用此句型的及物动词有：accuse, cure, cheat, charge, inform, remind, warn等。
2)主语 + 及物动词 + sth. + to/for sb.
A)间接宾语前加to的常见动词有：do(带来), give, hand, lend, offer, owe, pass,
pay, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write, leave, bring等。
B)间接宾语前加for的常见动词有：buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint,
play, save, sing, spare, leave, bring等。
I sent a book to him.
I bought a new book for Mary yesterday. 3)主语 + 及物动词 + sb.+ 从句
这类句型中常见的动词有：ask, tell, promise, show, teach等。
I asked him why he was late again.
I have told him that the earth travels around the sun.
翻译下列句子：
1.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
2.请把那本字典递给我好吗？
3.我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。
4.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。
5.他说他不能把照片给我看。
四、主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
有些及物动词后面接了宾语后句子的意思还不完整，还需要加上一个补足语，用来补充说明宾语的动作、状态、性质等，这样句子的意思才完整。
这样的及物动词和常可以用来作宾补的有：
1)名词作宾补，即：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 名词
常用于这类句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, find, name, make等。
We elected him monitor of our class. I think to help him a pleasure.
Our dream is to make our country a powerful one.
2)形容词作宾补，即：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 形容词
常用于这类句型的动词有：find, get, keep, leave, make, paint, see, set, wash, wipe, drive, cut等。
He painted the wall white.
I found to help him necessary. His being silent almost drove me mad.
特殊句型：主语 + 及物动词 + it + 宾补 + 真正的宾语
当1)、2)中的宾语是不定式、动名词、从句，并且补足语是形容词或名词时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在补足语后面。(it为重要考点)
I think it a pleasure to help him.
I found it necessary to help him.
We all find it important to learn English well. I think it a pity that you didn’t try harder.
3)副词作宾补，即：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 副词
常用于这类句型的动词有：find, keep, leave, see等。(注意：作宾补有形容词要用形容词。千万不能用加—ly词尾构成的副词充当宾补。充当宾补的副词一般都是表示方向、位置变化的副词，如：up, down, in, out, on, away, off,等)
Don’t leave the light on when you leave the room.
I’m going to see my friend off.
4)介词短语作宾补，即：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 介词短语
常用于这类句型的动词有：get, have, keep, make, feel, find等
She always keeps everything in good order. The parents try to get their child into a good habit.
5) 不定式(短语)作宾补，即：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 不定式(短语)
常用于这类句型的动词比较多：
A)不定式带to的动词：advise, allow, permit, ask, beg, cause, command, decide, encourage, expect, wish, force, like/love, order, persuade, invite, want, request,
teach, tell, warn, remind等。
I wish you to stay at home every night.
He was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.
B)不定式不带to的动词：feel, hear, listen to, have, let, make, watch, see, look at, notice等。(help后的宾补可以带to也可以不带to)
I saw the old cross the road.
注意这些动词使用了被动语态时to 要还原：
He was made to stay at home every night.
6) 带疑问词的不定式(短语)作宾补，即：
主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 疑问词+ 不定式(短语)
常用于这类句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show teach, tell等
He showed me how to operate the computer. 7) 分词(短语)作宾补，即：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 分词(短语) 常用于这类句型的动词有：feel, imagine, catch, find, listen to, hear, have, get,
keep, leave, look at, watch, see, notice, observe等。
If you are late again, I shall have you standing outside.
He caught the little boy stealing in the shop.
Yesterday I had my watch stolen. 注意：feel, hear, see, notice等既能接不带to的不定式也能接现在分词作宾补，但意思不一样：不定式表示它的整个动作已发生了，而现在分词表示该动作正在发生。
I felt a snake climb over my leg. (爬过了)
I felt a snake climbing over my leg. (正在爬)
8)从句作宾补，即：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 从句
用于这一句型较典型的动词是：ask
He asked me what he should do.
从上面的句型可以看出，宾补一般是直接放在宾语的后面用来补充说明宾语的动作、状态、性质或特征。但也有少数及物动词(常是表示“认为”的及物动词)跟宾补时需要加上一个引导词。
1)加引导词as 或to be的有：think, believe, consider, regard等。(其中regard后
的as 不能省略)
I thought him (to be) brave.
We consider him (as) a good boy.
We regard him as a good boy.
2)加引导词for的有：take, mistake等。.
You shouldn’t take everything for granted.
I often mistake the girl for her elder sister because they look alike.
翻译下列句子：
1.我要你把真相告诉我。
2.每天早上，我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
3.我们认为本月内完成这项工作有困难。
4.他教我们如何写作文。
5.他说简单的英语为了让他自己被理解。
6.我们要把我们家乡变得更美丽。
7.我们都选他为俱乐部主席。
8.你会发现你单独在夜里出去是很危险的。
五、主语 + 系动词 + 表语
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
常见的系动词有：
1)be 表“是”,只起连系主语和表语的作用。
2)表示”变化”的动词：get, grow, become, turn, go(bad/wrong), prove等。
3)表感官的动词：look,看起来, sound听起来, feel,摸起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, appear看起来,显得, seem好像。
4)表保持、延续的动词：keep, remain, stay等。
5)表瞬间的动词：come (true), fall (asleep/ill)等。
能充当表语的词常见的有：
1)名词作表语，即主语 + 系动词 + 名词
该名词常用来解释主语的身份，职业，内容等：
That sounds a good idea.
What he likes are books. 2)形容词作表语，即主语 + 系动词 + 形容词
He felt ill yesterday.
Food goes bad easily in hot days.
3)副词作表语，即主语 + 系动词 + 副词
注意：作表语有形容词要用形容词。千万不能用加—ly词尾构成的副词充当表语。充当表语的副词一般都是表示方向、位置变化的副词，如：up, down, in, out, on, away, off, back, over等。这一点与副词作宾补是一样的。
Class is over. The movie is on.
I must be off now.
4)介词短语做表语，即主语 + 系动词 + 介词短语
The old man is in good health.
Everything is under control.
5)非谓语动词作表语，即主语 + 系动词 + 非谓语动词
A．即主语 + 系动词 + 不定式 不定式作表语常用来解释主语的一次性的、未发生的动作
My hope is to become a doctor.
My work is to clean my room today.
B．即主语 + 系动词 + 动名词
动名词作表语常用来解释主语的经常性的、习惯性的动作
My job is teaching English. The guard’s duty is protecting the possessions of the company.
C．即主语 + 系动词 + 现在分词/过去分词
作表语用的现在分词和过去分词已经形容词化了，V—ing表示主语是令人……，而V—ed表示主语本身是..….
The girl was frightened at the frightening news.
The film is so interesting that I want to see it again.
6)从句作表语，即主语 + 系动词 + 从句
The reason why he was absent was that he was ill in bed. That was why he was late again.
翻译下列句子：
1.这本书是关于美国历史的。
2.这个报告听起来很有意思。
3.她的工作是在幼儿园照看儿童。
4.他的妹妹去年失明住院了。
5.白天越来越长，天气也越来越热。
六、There + 不及物动词 + 主语
此句型中的there为引导词，无意义。值得注意的是主语在谓语后，所以谓语动词的数的变化应与其后的主语保持一致，采用“临近原则”。此类句型常见的有：
1）There be + 主语 + 表地点的介词短语 意思是“某处有……”
There is a book on the desk.
There is a girl and three boys in the classroom.
Be 有时态的变化，此句型常见的变化形式有：
There will be …
There used to be …
There happened to be …
There seems to be …
There must be …
2）There + 不及物动词 + 主语
该句型中的动词be可用其它的表示“存在，生死，发生，往来”的动词，常见的有：live, sit, stand, lie, go, come, appear, happen, remain等
There stands an old temple on that hill. There lies a small lake under the hill.
There once lived a rich man in the village.
There comes a bus.
3) There be + 主语 + 现在分词/ 过去分词/ 不定式
There are some students playing on the playground. There is nothing to do. (有事要……)
There was a window broken yesterday. (有……被……)
翻译下列句子：
1.以前房子后面有棵苹果树。
2.我们前面好像有座高楼。
3.办公室里有几个男教师在聊天。
4.还剩下5分钟。
5.没什么要担忧的。
语法填空：
有人在……)
(1. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ____ in your mind instead of before your eyes. (form)
2. Don’t leave the water _____ while you brush your teeth. (run)
3. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _________.
4. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it_______ often enough. (explain)
5. When_______ help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you. ” (0ffer)
6. There have been several new events Beijing Olympic Games. (add)
to the program for the 2008
7. I can’t stand__________ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses___________ talking while she works. (work, stop)
8. If we mean ________ (catch) the early bus, that means _________ (get) up before five.
9. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left______________. (satisfy)
10. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _____ Chinese in the school. (study)
11. I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (burn)
12. Please remain _________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. (seat)
13. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________, he gladly accepted it. (finish)
14. —Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?
—Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____you to your room. (show)
15. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English __________ in a short period. (improve)
16. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down. (fill)
17. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures. (interest)
18. She wants her paintings be very popular. (display)
in the gallery, but we don t think they would
19. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English as much as we can. (speak)
20. If there is a lot of work ___, I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished. (do)
21. I feel _______ a great honor to be welcomed into their society.
22. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make ______ easier for it to be reused.
23. He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion. (have)
24. There is a great deal of evidence _______ that music activities engage different parts of the brain. (indicate)
25. With the world _________ (change) fast, we have something new to deal with all by ourselves every day.
26. They use computers to keep the traffic smoothly. (run)
27. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. (stick)
28. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories. (amuse)
29. Listen! Do you hear someone for help? (call)
30. It’s important for the figures regularly. (update)
31. Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. (carry)
32. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves for words. (lose)
33. Ladex doesn’t feel like abroad. Her parents are old. (study)
34. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams. (remind)
35. Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left. (check)
36. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ___ she was getting. (heavy)
37. The number of people present at the concert was ________than expected. There were many tickets left. (small)
38. Mr. Castro took the ____________ (impress) photos while on holiday in Dubai.
39. His colleague tested the machine and began to fix it _________ (silence)
40. All the managers knew nothing to do, __________ (wait) anxiously.
短文改错:
1. They claim smoking is legally behavior.
2. With a budget of six thousand yuan, please arranging rooms for two boys and three girl.
3. Parents can allow kids to play some games that are benefit to them.
4. What the boy did was complete unexpected.
5. I was often a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV demands very little effort.
6. There was no way of settle the matter except by selling the TV set.
7. As everyone knows. Emei Mountain is a famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animal.
8. On the way I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.
9. I would describe myself as shy and quietly
10. The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming down.
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