最新高考英语阅读理解(社会文化)专项训练及答案及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类 1．阅读理解

In India, most of the women wear a red dot between their eyebrows. While it is generally taken as an indicator of their marital(婚姻的)status, the practice is primarily related to the Hindu(印度教的)religion. The dot goes by different names in different Hindi dialects, and “bindi\" is the one that is most commonly known. Traditionally, the dot carries no gender restriction Men as well as women wear it. However, the tradition of men wearing it has faded in recent times, so nowadays we see a lot more women than men wearing one.

The position of the bindi is standard center of the forehead, close to the eyebrows. It represents a third, or inner eye. Hindu tradition holds that all people have three eyes The two outer ones are used for seeing the outside world, and the third one is there to focus inward toward God. As such, the dot means piety(虔诚)and serves as a constant reminder to keep God in the front of a believer's thou ghts.

Red is the traditional color of the dot. It is said that in ancient times a man would place a drop of blood between his wife's eyes to seal their marriage. According to Hindu beliefs, the color red is believed to bring good fortune to the married couple. Today, people go with different colors depending upon their preferences. Women often wear dots that match the color of their clothes. Decorative of sticker bindis come in all sizes, colors and variations, and can be worn by young and old, married and unmarried people alike. Wearing a bindi has become more of a fashion statement than a religious custom.

（1）Why did people in India start wearing a red dot on their forehead? A.To stress their family background. B.To indicate their social rank. C.To show their religious belief. D.To display their financial status.

（2）What is the function of the third eye in Hindu tradition? A.To help the other eyes see better. B.To look to the distance. C.To see the outside world. D.To pay respect to God.

（3）Why was red chosen as the original color of the bindi? A.The word \"bindi\" means \"red\" in some Hindi dialects. B.Red was believed to be a lucky color for husband and wife. C.The red dot represented the blood of God. D.Red stood for a wife's love for her husband.

（4）Which of the following statements is true about bindis today? A.Bindis are now used to make people look better. B.Bindis are worn anywhere on the face now. C.Most Indian women do not wear bindis anymore.

D.More men than women wear bindis in India. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）B （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，大多数印度女人的眉毛中间都戴着红点，这种做法主要与印度教有关，它代表的是第三只眼，可以时时提醒信徒要尊敬上帝。现在眉心红点更多的是作为装饰品使用。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“In India, most of the women wear a red dot between their eyebrows. While it is generally taken as an indicator of their marital（婚姻的）status, the practice is primarily related to the Hindu（印度教的）religion.”在印度，大多数女性的眉毛上都有一个红点。虽然这通常被认为是他们婚姻状况的一个指标，但这种做法主要与印度教有关。可知这种做法主要与印度教有关，所以印度人前额戴红点是展示他们的宗教信仰。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，印度传统上认为人有第三只眼。以及“As such，the dot serves as a constant reminder to keep God inthe front of a believer's thoughts．”因此，点作为一个持续的提醒，以保持神在信徒的思想面前。所以第三眼在印度教传统中的重要性是要尊重上帝。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“According to Hindu beliefs，the color red is believed to bring good fortune to the married couple．”可知，根据印度教的信仰，红色被认为能为已婚的夫妇带来好运。故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Decorative or sticker bindis come in all sizes，colorsand variations，and can be worn by young and old，married and unmarried people alike．Wearinga bindi has become more of a fashion statement than a religious custom.” 装饰物或贴纸贴纸有各种尺寸、颜色和变化，年轻人和老年人、已婚人士和未婚人士都可以佩戴。佩戴宾蒂帽与其说是一种宗教习俗，不如说是一种时尚宣言。可知，眉心红点现在更多的被用作装饰品。故选A．

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Being attractive isn't usually considered much of a disadvantage in today's world. Actually, there is the endless potential benefit about it, but researchers have found one area that being pretty makes life a challenge securing yourself a boring, low-paying job.

This stands in contrast to a large body of research that attractiveness, in general, helps candidates in the selection process. For the most part good looks is a blessing. We treat pretty people more favorably in general, often vote for them more in elections, and pay them more in their professions. The research suggests that attractive people may be discriminated against in selection for relatively less desirable jobs.

Researchers carried out four experiments involving more than 750 participants, including

university students and managers who make hiring decisions in the real world. Participants were shown photos of two potential job candidates, one attractive and the other unattractive. Participants were then asked a series of questions designed to measure their opinions of the job candidates and whether they would hire these candidates for a less-than-desirable job. The less desirable jobs included a warehouse worker, housekeeper, customer service representative and the more desirable jobs included things like a manager, project director, IT elite(精英). In all experiments where they were asked, participants were significantly less likely to hire the attractive candidate for the less desirable job and more likely to hire the attractive candidate for the more desirable job.

Ms Lee said, \"In the selection decision for an undesirable job, decision makers were more likely to choose the unattractive individual over the attractive individual. Co-author Dr Madan Pillutla said, \"It is interesting that decision makers consider others' opinions in their decisions. They thought that attractive individuals would want better outcomes, and therefore would be less satisfied, so they favored unattractive candidates when selecting for a less desirable job.\" The research also suggests the established view that attractive candidates are favored when applying for jobs might be limited to high-level jobs.

（1）What do people generally think of being attractive? A. It is a disadvantage. B. It is a blessing. C. it is not important.

D. It has nothing to do with jobs.

（2）What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The participants of the experiment. B. The importance of the experiment. C. The process of the experiment. D. The result of the experiment.

（3）An ordinary-looking graduate may have an advantage when applying for _______. A. a manager B. a project director C. a warehouse worker D. an IT elite （4）Why are less attractive applicants preferred for less desirable jobs? A. Because they are more hardworking. B. Because they will be more satisfied. C. Because they have no requirements at all. D. Because they will want better outcomes.

（5）Which of the following agrees with the research? A. Attractive people are more fit for high-level jobs. B. Less attractive people are easy to find high-level jobs. C. Attractive people can always be hired when applying for jobs. D. Less attractive people can easily get highly paid if they work hard. 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）C

（4）B （5）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了吸引力和求职之间的关系。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的\"For the most part good looks is a blessing.\"可知,在很大程度上,美貌是一种福气,由此可知,人们普遍认为有吸引力是一种福气,故选B。

（2）考查段落大意。根据第三段内容,特别是\"Participants were shown photos of two potential job candidates, one attractive and the other unattractive.\"可知,本段主要介绍了研究人员对吸引力和求职之间的关系的实验过程,故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的\"The less desirable jobs included a warehouse worker, housekeeper, customer service representative\"及\"participants were significantly less likely to hire the attractive candidate for the less desirable job\"可知,参与者不太可能雇有吸引力的人做不那么理想的工作,而仓库管理员是不理想的工作之一,由此可知,长相一般的人在申请仓库管理员职位上有优势,故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的\"They thought that attractive individuals would want better outcomes, and therefore would be less satisfied, so they favored unattractive candidates when selecting for a less desirable job.\"可知,有吸引力的人希望更好的结果,因此不太容易满足,所以参与者在选择不那么理想的工作时更喜欢长相一般的候选人,由此可知,长相一般的人更喜欢不那么理想的工作是因为他们更容易满足,故选B。

（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的\"The research also suggests the established view that attractive candidates are favored when applying for jobs might be limited to high-level jobs.\"可知,有吸引力的求职者更受青睐的观点可能仅限于高层职位,由此可知,有吸引力的人更适合高层工作与研究结果相符合,故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 It's not unusual to see an unreasonable child lying on the ground drumming his heels. Beside him is a desperate mother yelling at the top of her lungs. Raising a well-behaved kid is really a head-scratching thing.

If you took all the parenting styles around the world and ranked them by their gentleness, the Inuit (因纽特人) approach would certainly rank near the top. All the moms mention one golden role: Don't shout or yell at small children. Inuit's no-yelling policy is their central component to raising cool-headed kids. The culture views scolding, or even speaking to children in all angry voice, as inappropriate, although little kids are pushing parents' buttons.

Playful \"storytelling\" is another trick to sculpting kids' behavior. But this storytelling differs hugely from those fairy tales full of moral lessons. Parents \"retell\" what happened when a boy threw a tantrum(发脾气)by way of what Shakespeare would understand all too well: putting on a \"drama\". After the child has calmed down, the parents will review what happened when the child misbehaved, usually starting with a question: \"Can you show us how to throw a tantrum?\" Then

the child has to think what he should do. If he takes the bait and performs the action, the mom will ask a follow-up question with a playful tone. For example: \"Does that seem right?\" or \"Are you a baby?\" She is getting across the idea that \"big boys\" won't throw a tantrum.

Kids' brains are still developing the circuitry needed for self-control. What you do in response to your children's emotions shapes their brains. So next time, seeing your boy misbehave, try using the Inuit's storytelling approach. And don't forget to keep cool. After all, boys will be boys. （1）Which of the following best explains \"pushing parents' buttons\" underlined in Paragraph 2? A. Talking with parents. B. Playing with parents' buttons. C. Exposing parents' faults. D. Making parents annoyed. （2）What do we know about Inuit's \"storytelling\"?

A. It aims at playing a trick on kids. B. It raises kids' awareness of morality. C. It comes after a child misbehaves. D. It analyzes Shakespeare's dramas. （3）What's the author's attitude to children's misbehavior?

A. Cautious B. Tolerant C. Uncaring D. Skeptical （4）What's the main idea of the text?

A. Inuit's approach to parenting. B. Values of reading literary works. C. Causes of children's misbehavior. D. Parents' responses to \"storytelling\". 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）B （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，因纽特人教育孩子的方式最温柔，介绍了因纽特人教育孩子的黄金规则“不对小孩叫喊”以及他们塑造孩子行为的一种方式“讲故事”，让我们时刻记住孩子做错事的时候要保持冷静。

（1）考查词义猜测。划线词组所在句子为让步状语从句，\"although（即使）\"前后句是相反关系。句意为：这种文化认为训斥孩子，或者以生气的口吻对孩子说话都是不合适的，即使小孩子让家长生气的时候也是这样。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的\"Parents \"retell\" what happened when a boy threw a tantrum (发脾气) by way of…\"可知，家长讲述的是小男孩发脾气时所发生的事情。也就是说故事内容就是小孩子做错的事情。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的\"And don't forget to keep cool. After all, boys will be boys. 不要忘记保持冷静。毕竟，孩子就是孩子。\"可知，作者认为小孩子犯错时，家长要宽容孩子的错误，不能对孩子要求太高。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。文章主要通过讲述因纽特人温柔地教育孩子的方式，让我们对如何教育孩子有所启发。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Entrepreneur and CEO of Tesla and Space X, Eldon Musk may have a little more time on his hands, as he's leaving his position on the board of the Open Al, according to a blog post. The departure is likely the result of Tesla's moving into the field of Artificial Intelligence(AI)，which he said in 2017 would be the “best in the world”and would even be able to “predict your destination, ”Musk will continue to “donate and advise the organization,” Open AI said in a blog post on Feb. 20, adding that “As Tesla continues to become more focused on AI, this will avoid a potential future conflict for Eldon.

Musk and Y Combiner CEO Sam Altman co-founded the nonprofit enterprise in December2015, its mission is to develop safe artificial general intelligence and ensure those developments are made public. Open AI researchers published a paper on the site ArXiv, org, detailing the possible secure threats that come with“malicious”AI. In fact, Musk has heard the “evil AI”alarm several times, On Aug.11，2017, he warned that artificial intelligence poses a bigger threat to humanity, and he told a gathering of state governors that the government needs to regulate Al before robots start “killing people. ”

Musk's departure from the Open AI board could mean big things for Tesla. As Eton Goodbye, a financial reporter, noted on Futurism, the move “could signal that Tesla is more deeply committed to their own AI projects than we thought. ”He added, “Those who have had their ears to any rumors (谣言)that Tesla is ready to deliver vehicles capable of Level 5autonomy could take this new Open Al development as a sign that the company is inching closer to that unapproachable goal, ”No company has reached that level of autonomy, which means that a driverless car could navigate any road under any conditions and that all the human “driver” would need to do is to input a destination. （1）Why does Eldon Musk leave his position?

A. To create safer AI. B. To build powerful Internet.

C. To develop social communication. D. To avoid a possible conflict with Tesla. （2）What is the Eldon Musk's attitude towards the AI?

A. Ambiguous. B. Supportive. C. Negative. D. Sympathetic. （3）What does the underlined word “malicious” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. Poisonous. B. Unpopular. C. Advanced. D. Traditional. （4）What can we infer from Eton Goodbye's comments?

A. Level 5 autonomy is impossible. B. The rumors about Tesla is meaningless. C. He has no confidence in Open AI. D. Level 5 autonomy could set human drivers free. 【答案】（1）D （2）B （3）A （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了传奇人物埃隆·马斯克和他的公司。 (1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Entrepreneur and CEO of Tesla and Space X, Eldon Musk may have a little more time on his hands, as he's leaving his position on the board of the Open AI, according to a blog post.”和第二段中的“adding that “As Tesla continues to become more focused on AI, this will avoid a potential future conflict for Eldon.”可知Eldon Musk离开他的职

位是为了避免可能和Tesla产生冲突，故D。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Musk will continue to “donate and advise the organization”可推知Eldon Musk对于AI的态度是同情，故选B。

(3)考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“In fact, Musk has heard the ‘evil AI’ alarm several times. ”可猜测出“malicious”的意思是有害的，故选A。

(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“No company has reached that level of autonomy, which means that a driverless car could navigate any road under any conditions and that all the human ‘driver’ would need to do is to input a destination. 可推出“Level 5 autonomy”将会让人类司机，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

In Korea, it is rude to wear shoes inside someone's house because it is considered dirty. In Saudi Arabia, you should not bring food to someone's house because taking food or drink suggests that you think the host cannot afford the meal. More and more people around the world are travelling abroad to study, to go on vacation, or to work, and while it can be a great way to learn about other cultures, there may be times when travelers accidentally annoy their host. The same gesture can have very different meanings in different countries. The gesture meaning OK in the United States means something completely different in Brazil as Ella Yao discovered. Ella had travelled to Brazil to study and was living with a host family. During dinner, her host asked Ella if she was enjoying the meal. Because her mouth was full of food, Ella made a sign with her hand that to her meant OK. Although Ella meant the food was good, this symbol in Brazilian culture is extremely rude and her host was deeply annoyed.

While travelling in Thailand, Elizabeth Brown learned that there are differences in food in the United States and Thailand. She stopped at a small, family-owned restaurant in Chiang Mai and ordered spring rolls. She was really enjoying eating them until she got the last one and noticed that there was an insect inside. She complained to the server. Later, she discovered that although insects are disgusting to most Americans, they are considered a delicacy(佳肴) in some countries. All these mistakes can be avoided with some research on cultural differences before you go abroad. However, if you do accidentally annoy someone, quickly apologize, and learn from your mistake.

（1）For what reason did Ella make her host angry?

A. She spoke with her mouth full. B. Her host misunderstood her gesture. C. She didn't like the meal her host prepared. D. Her host didn't like using body language. （2）What happened to Elizabeth Brown in a Thai restaurant?

A. She ate an insect. B. She was badly treated.

C. She argued with the server. D. She learned insects are welcome there. （3）What may be the best title for the text?

A. What matters B. When in Rome C. How to be polite D. Why make mistakes 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇关于风俗文化的文章。文章介绍了在韩国穿着鞋子在家里是不礼貌的和OK这个手势在美国和巴西的不同以及泰国的饮食文化，告诉我们为了避免误会一定要学会你所想去国家的文化即入乡随俗，如果我们不小心触碰到了他们的文化要立刻道歉并改正。

（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中Because her mouth was full of food, Ella made a sign with her hand that to her meant OK. Although Ella meant the food was good, this symbol in Brazilian culture is extremely rude and her host was deeply annoyed.可知，她因为嘴里有东西故用手势表示OK，但这个手势在主人所在国家是非常粗鲁的意思，所以主人生气是因为误会了她，故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Later, she discovered that although insects are disgusting to most Americans, they are considered a delicacy(佳肴) in some countries.可知，昆虫在一些国家也是佳肴，故选D。注意A项错误，文章是说She was really enjoying eating them until she got the last one and noticed that there was an insect inside.她发现有只昆虫在春卷里，并没有提到她吃了昆虫。

（3）主旨大意题。本文讲了不同国家有不同的风俗，并告诉我们要入乡随俗，故B项“When in Rome,Do as the Romans Do”即入乡随俗，适合作文章题目。

6．阅读理解

The year 3700, Earth is far too hot for any human to call it home. On this planet at least, man is nothing more than a memory--if there is anything left to remember the \"wise man\". But what about our wisdom--will any of it survive us?

The conventional answer is no. Knowledge requires a knower, and there will be no knowing minds around then. But if information survives, perhaps in books or hard drives, maybe the knowledge isn't quite dead but dormant(休眠), ready to become alive with the help of other minds that develop over time or come to visit Earth in the distant future.

At first sight, that seems to be reasonable: after all, we have done similar things with past knowledge. For example, we saved an ancient computer from a ship destroyed at sea off the southern coast of Greece, and succeeded in finding the meaning of Egyptian hieroglyphics(象形文字). Careful work can bring previously lost wisdom back to life.

However, the key point is that there is a certain cultural continuity with those ancient times that allows us to reason and make progress in the dark: we know we are dealing with the legacy(遗产)of other humans. Without that link, the survival of objects and raw data doesn't

guarantee the survival of knowledge. And a lack of continuity in language with any future intelligence would be a barrier. Knowledge is closely connected with language. When a language dies out, we can lose systems of reasoning that they contain. If that's lost, then it can't be recovered.

All this means that other minds might not be able to fully make human knowledge alive when we are gone. It is better to concentrate on not dying out in the first place. （1）How many opinions are mentioned in Para.2?

A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. （2）What does the underlined phrase \"similar things\" in Para 3 probably refer to? A. Making lost wisdom alive again. B. Rescuing disappearing knowledge. C. Preserving future knowledge. D. Gaining new knowledge. （3）How can we make knowledge survive?

A. We know a lot about human beings. B. We learn ways to draw conclusions. C. We have a certain cultural continuity. D. We protect the legacy of other humans. （4）What's mainly talked about in the text?

A. Can human beings live on? B. Will our knowledge survive us? C. What will the earth be like in the future? D. How can we protect our culture? 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）C （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文讲述的是，我们的智慧将会幸存吗？

(1)推理判断题。根据第二段Knowledge requires a knower, and there will be no knowing minds around then. But if information survives, perhaps in books or hard drives, maybe the knowledge isn't quite dead but dormant(休眠), ready to become alive with the help of other minds that develop over time or come to visit Earth in the distant future.可知，在第二段中提出了两种建议，故答案为B

(2)词义猜测题。根据第三段中第二、三句For example, we saved an ancient computer from a ship destroyed at sea off the southern coast of Greece, and succeeded in finding the meaning of Egyptian hieroglyphics(象形文字). Careful work can bring previously lost wisdom back to life.通过例子说明，细心的工作可以将以前失去的智慧带回生活。由此推知，上句At first sight, that seems to be reasonable: after all, we have done similar things with past knowledge.中划线部分的意思是，让失去的智慧活跃起来。故选A。

(3)细节理解题。根据第四段第一句However, the key point is that there is a certain cultural continuity with those ancient times that allows us to reason and make progress in the dark: we know we are dealing with the legacy(遗产)of other humans.可知，我们有一定的文化延续性能使知识幸存。故选C。

(4)主旨大意题。根据第一段The year 3700, Earth is far too hot for any human to call it home. On this planet at least, man is nothing more than a memory--if there is anything left to remember the \"wise man\". But what about our wisdom--will any of it survive us?可知，本文讲述的是，我

们的智慧将会幸存吗？根据句意可知答案为B

【点评】考查阅读理解，涉及推理判断、猜测词义、细节理解、主旨大意题。阅读时要注意作者说明事物采用的是什么方式。例如：举例、分类还是对比。无论采用什么方法，作者都是为了说明事物的本质特征，清晰地展现说明的事物。理清了脉络，就能理解文章，抓住原文中的信息点，并且和选项进行同意转换。

7．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

There's a world of difference between a horror movie and a comedy—the former scares you half to death while the latter leaves you rolling on the floor with laughter. But try watching them without the background music and you just might decide they're not so different after all. Music and movies have been closely connected since the beginning of the film industry—even before the voices of actors were recorded. In movies, music helps to provide a sense of time and place, convey ideas about the characters and, most importantly, draw emotions out of the audience. Studies have long shown that our heart rates and anxiety levels rise and fall depending on the speed of the music we hear. Using this knowledge, composers use sudden changes in film music speed to create fear among audiences. Slowing the speed of the music will have the opposite effect, bringing about a sense of peace or a dreamlike quality. The use of dissonant (不和谐的) tones and noises is another technique that heightens tension. Humans naturally become unnerved when we hear dissonant sounds because such noises are usually associated with danger, like those that animals make to warn against predators (捕食者).

As crucial as it is, the best film music is subtle. All that audiences are supposed to feel is a heightened sense of emotion—they shouldn't realize what's causing it. Only when the music is taken out of the film should audiences understand its effects.

In keeping with this principle, some filmmakers are even using what's called \"infrasound\" (次声波) to arouse fear. While we may not be able to hear it because its frequency is below the range of the human ear, infrasound has been proven to cause anxiety, tremble and even sorrow. For example, infrasound was used in the soundtrack of the 2007 horror movie Paranormal Activity, and audiences reposed extremely high fear levels despite the 1ack of action throughout the movie. \"It doesn't affect everyone equally,\" said British science writer Philip Ball, author of The Music Instinct, but he predicted that \"we will see more of it used in movies in the future\". （1）What is the difference between a horror movie and a comedy?

A. Their history. B. Their background music. C. Their actors. D. Their time and place. （2）What causes fear among audiences?

A. The theme of the music. B. The slow speed of the tangle. C. The knowledge of the music. D. The unexpected change of the music. （3）What does the underlined word \"subtle\" in the third paragraph mean? A. Gentle B. Wonderful C. Not immediately obvious D. Not extremely attractive （4）What do we know about \"infrasound\" from the last paragraph? A. It can't be known to people. B. It makes audiences relaxed.

C. It is within the range of the human ear. D. It will be used more in movies in the future. 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）C （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，电影和音乐的关系密切，音乐对于电影影响重大，作者说明了电影制作者如何用音乐来渲染气氛。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的\"But try watching them without the background music and you just might decide they're not so different after all.\"可知，但是试着在没有背景音乐的情况下看它们，你可能会觉得它们并没有什么不同。所以通过反向推理，要是有了背景音乐，恐怖电影和喜剧电影就截然不同了。故判断出恐怖电影和喜剧电影的区别在于他们的背景音乐。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的\"Using this knowledge, composers use sudden changes in film music speed to create fear among audiences.\"可知，利用这一知识，作曲家利用电影音乐速度的突然变化在观众中制造恐惧。所以音乐的突然变化会使观众恐惧。故选D。 （3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的\"All that audiences are supposed to feel is a heightened sense of emotion—they shouldn't realize what's causing it. Only when the music is taken out of the film should audiences understand its effects.\"可知，观众应该感受到的只是一种强烈的情感——他们不应该意识到是什么导致了这种情感。只有当音乐被从电影中删除时，观众才能理解它的影响。所以这段在解释最好的电影音乐是不易被观众察觉的音乐。也就是对\"subtle\"的解释。故第三段加下划线的\"subtle\"一词是C选项“不明显的”。故选C。 （4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的\"but he predicted that \"we will see more of it used in movies in the future\"可知，但他预测“我们将来会看到更多的电影会使用它”。所以从最后一段可知，\"infrasound\"将在未来的电影中被更多地使用。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

The origin of “holiday” is easy to see, coming from “holy day”, a day of particular religious significance, often celebrating the life of a saint (圣徒), during which no work was to be done. As far back as the 11th century, “holidays”, especially the major feast days, were times of “celebration and amusement”, as the Oxford English Dictionary puts it.

The number of holidays steadily increased during the Middle Ages, until a medieval Englishman would have had the luxury of 40 to 50 days a year off work, depending on where he lived, in addition to a free day on Sundays.

During the Reformation, Henry VIII abolished most of the holidays partly because of the Protestant (新教徒的) suspicion of saints, but more practically, because, according to historian Eamon Duffy, “A large number of holidays were making the people poor by limiting agriculture.”

The people took a different view and organized a protest march—the Pilgrimage of Grace—partly to protect their days off.

Though at first the religious and festive senses of holiday were combined, the word gradually came to be used for any kind of relaxing break from work. As the word was drawing away from a religious society, the number of authorized holidays was reduced, until by 1834 most workers had only four official days off a year, in addition to Sundays. Many factory workers amplified this time by staying home on “Saint Monday” to recover from what they had gotten up to the day before. By the late 19th century, employers were compromising and offering half-day Saturdays, the beginning of the “weekend”, a term first used in 1879. In 1908, an innovative mill in New England gave its employees all of Saturday off, and the practice spread widely during the Great Depression as a way to keep employment up. It took 400 years, but finally workers could enjoy as many holidays as they had in the 15th century.

（1）What was the word “holiday” originally intended for?

A. Economy. B. Religion. C. Entertainment. D. Politics. （2）What's the main reason for Henry VIII's ending most holidays according to Eamon Duffy? A. His people required a thorough reformation. B. He didn't believe in God and the saints.

C. People took no interest in the agriculture due to them. D. Too many holidays stood in the way of the agriculture.

（3）Which can best replace the underlined word “amplified” in paragraph 4? A. lengthened B. wasted C. shortened D. guaranteed （4）When did most employees get the whole Saturday off?

A. In 1879. B. In 1908. C. During the Great Depression. D. In the 15th century. 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）A （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“holiday”节日所经历的变革和演变过程。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The origin of ‘holiday’ is easy to see, coming from ‘holy day’, a day of particular eligious significance…”可知“holiday”的起源很容易看出，来源于“holy day”，一个具有特殊宗教意义的日子，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“A large number of holidays were making the people poor by limiting agriculture.”可知Henry VIII废除大部分节日是因为大量的假期了农业生产，使人们变得贫穷。故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Many factory workers amplified this time by staying home on ‘Saint Monday’ to recover from what they had gotten up to the day before.”许多工厂工人在“圣周一”这天呆在家里，从前一天的劳累中恢复过来，从而延长了这段时间。可知amplified意思为“延长”，故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“In 1908, an innovative mill in New England gave its employees all of Saturday off, and the practice of their getting the whole Saturday off spread

widely during the Great Depression as a way to keep employment up.”可知周六全天休息始于大萧条时期，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Back in 2009, China was wrongly accused by the West of \"controlling\" the Copenhagen talks on climate change. By then China had truly carried out strict policies to reduce the energy consumption of economic activities and at the international level, the top Chinese leaders participated in round-clock efforts to cooperate with the major players to build a united front for efforts to solve global warming. But China was finally misjudged.

This misjudgment caused China's scholars to rethink China's climate change communicative ways. Among them was Zheng Baowei, journalism professor of Renmin University of China, who realized China had to better shape its communication on its environmental protection.

Delightfully, the efforts have paid off. Zheng set up a top-level international group advising his research team. He is in charge of doctoral candidates on climate change communication. Climate awareness surveys have been conducted, and a package of communication tools has been designed. Many seminars have been arranged.

Recently, he arranged a seminar on climate change and health communication on the changing situation both in China and the world. First of all, this stressed that China's policy has developed from reducing its energy consumption and pollution prevention to the important goals of achieving a \"Beautiful China\" and \"'Healthy China, \"while coming up with plans to realize an ecological civilization since late 2012. With such goals, China played a leading role in securing the Paris climate change deal in 2015 together with the United States and European Union. In Paris, China promised to let out its carbon to the maximum in 2030.

It is a demanding job communicating climate change and other topics of lasting development well. Despite that, some foreign scholars have realized China's smart ways in presenting the green concepts. They appreciated China's idea of building a \"Beautiful China\" and \"Healthy China\" and said it can he expanded into an idea of a \"Beautiful World\" and \"Healthy World\".

Looking back from how China had followed the steps of the industrialized countries in advocating climate fight, people find now its own green ideas are being recognized. （1）What did the West think of the role China played in Copenhagen talks in 2009? A. China worked successfully with other countries. B. China succeeded in hosting the conferences. C. China participated passively in all the talks. D. China played a negative part in the talks.

（2）How did China deal with the misjudgment? A. China had to improve communicative ways with other countries. B. China spared no effort to prevent air and water being polluted. C. China made great efforts to protect the environment. D. China intended to gain fair judgment from the world.

（3）What is China's policy on climate change and health communication? A. Reducing as much energy consumption as possible to control pollution. B. Focusing more on realizing an ecological civilization in China. C. Communicating climate change and some other topics well. D. Reaching the goals of a \"Beautiful China\" and \"Healthy China\". （4）What makes China's green idea well received?

A. China making promises to let out its carbon to the maximum in 2030. B. China reducing its energy consumption as well as pollution prevention. C. China's idea being updated to that of a Beautiful World and Healthy World. D. China following the steps of the industrialized countries fighting global warming. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）D （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。西方认为中国在2009年哥本哈根会谈中中方在会谈中起到了消极作用。中国必须改善与其他国家的沟通方式来处理这一误判。目前中国正在向美丽世界、健康世界迈进，这让中国的绿色理念受到欢迎。

（1）推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句But China was finally misjudged.可知，西方认为中国在2009年哥本哈根会谈中中方在会谈中起到了消极作用。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段第一句This misjudgment caused China's scholars to rethink China's climate change communicative ways.可知，中国必须改善与其他国家的沟通方式来处理这一误判。故选A。

（3）细节理解题。根据第四段中this stressed that China's policy has developed from reducing its energy consumption and pollution prevention to the important goals of achieving a \"Beautiful China\" and \"'Healthy China,可知，中国在气候变化和健康传播方面的是实现“美丽中国”和“健康中国”的目标。故选D。

（4）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中They appreciated China's idea of building a \"Beautiful China\" and \"Healthy China\" and said it can he expanded into an idea of a \"Beautiful World\" and \"Healthy World\".可知，“中国正在向美丽世界、健康世界迈进”让中国的绿色理念受到欢迎。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和细节理解两个题型的考查，是一篇记叙类阅读，要求考生在整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Everything has its root. “Holiday”, is no exception. The origin of “holiday” is easy to see, coming from “holy day”, a day of particular religious significance, often celebrating the life of a saint (圣徒), during which no work was to be done. As far back as the 11th century, “holidays”, especially

the major feast days, were times of “celebration and amusement”, as the Oxford English Dictionary puts it.

The number of holidays steadily increased during the Middle Ages, until a medieval Englishman would have had the luxury of 40 to 50 days a year off work, depending on where he lived, in addition to a free day on Sundays.

During the Reformation, Henry VIII abolished most of the holidays partly because of the Protestant (新教徒的) suspicion of saints, but more practically, because, according to historian Eamon Duffy, “A large number of holidays were making the people poor by limiting agriculture.” The people took a different view and organized a protest march—the Pilgrimage of Grace—partly to protect their days off.

Though at first the religious and festive senses of holiday were combined, the word gradually came to be used for any kind of relaxing break from work. As the word was drawing away from a religious society, the number of authorized holidays was reduced, until by 1834 most workers had only four official days off a year, in addition to Sundays. Many factory workers amplified this time by staying home on “Saint Monday” to recover from what they had gotten up to the day before. By the late 19th century, employers were compromising and offering half-day Saturdays, the beginning of the “weekend”, a term first used in 1879. In 1908, an innovative mill in New England gave its employees all of Saturday off, and the practice of their getting the whole Saturday off spread widely during the Great Depression as a way to keep employment up. It took 400 years, but finally workers could enjoy as many holidays as they had in the 15th century. （1）What was the word “holiday” originally intended for?

A. Economy. B. Entertainment. C. Religion. D. Politics. （2）What's the main reason for Henry VIII's ending most holidays according to Eamon Duffy? A. His people required a thorough reformation. B. He didn't believe in God and saints.

C. People took no interest in the agriculture due to them. D. Large numbers of holidays stood in the way of the agriculture.

（3）Which can best replace the underlined word “amplified” in paragraph 4? A. lengthened B. wasted C. shortened D. guaranteed （4）When did most employees get the whole Saturday off?

A. In 1879. B. During the Great Depression. C. In 1908. D. In the 15th century. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了“holiday”节日所经历的变革和演变过程。 （1）细节理解题。第一段第二句“The origin of “holiday” is easy to see, coming from “holy day”, a day of particular religious significance…”可知“holiday”的起源很容易看出，来源于“holy day”，一个具有特殊宗教意义的日子，故选C。

（2）细节理解题。第三段倒数第二句“A large number of holidays were making the people poor by limiting agriculture.”可知Henry VIII废除大部分节日是因为大量的假期了农业生

产，使人们变得贫穷。故选D。

（3）词义猜测题。根据划线部分句子“Many factory workers amplified this time by staying home on “Saint Monday” to recover from what they had gotten up to the day before.”句意：许多工厂工人在“圣周一”这天呆在家里，从前一天的劳累中恢复过来，从而延长了这段时间。可知amplified意思为“延长”，故选A。

（4）细节理解题。最后一段倒数第二句“In 1908, an innovative mill in New England gave its employees all of Saturday off, and the practice of their getting the whole Saturday off spread widely during the Great Depression as a way to keep employment up.”可知周六全天休息始于大萧条时期，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，通过题干中的关键词在文章中定位，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。