北京大学考博英语-9_真题无答案

北京大学考博英语-9

(总分66, 做题时间90分钟) Part Ⅰ Vocabulary 1.

Our visual perception depends on the reception of energy reflecting or radiating from ______ which we wish to perceive. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A it B these C that

D those 2.

\"The effect of this medicine ______ by midnight,\" the doctor told Emma

\"You had better not try to read tonight.\" SSS_SINGLE_SEL A will wear off B wears off

C will have worn off

D will be worn off 3.

Cooked vegetables are also valuable sources of certain vitamins and minerals, if the juice is eaten and if not cooked ______ . SSS_SINGLE_SEL A too long a time B a long time too C much time long

D long much time 4.

\"Is George really leaving the university? .... Yes, but would you mind ______ to anyone\":\" A not to mention it B not mention it C not mentioning it D not to mentioning it 5.

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

Hip replacement surgery is______joint replacement surgery in the U.S.. A the single most frequent B the most single frequent C the single frequent

D a single frequent 6.

A comet is distinguished from other bodies in the solar system ______. A into its appearance B off its appearance C by its appearance

D to its appearance 7.

Can\"t you speak more ______ to your parents? SSS_SINGLE_SELSSS_SINGLE_SELSSS_SINGLE_SEL A respectably B respectingly C respectively D respectfully 8.

The magician picked out several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A by accident B on average C on occasion

D at random 9.

The major obstacle to the reform in New Orleans, ______, is money. A as is it across the country B as it is across the country C as it were across the country D as were it across the country 10.

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

The scheme was so impracticable that I refused even ______. A to consider supporting it B considering to support it C to considering to support it

D considering supporting it 11.

Packed like sardines into sweaty, claustrophobic subway carriages, passengers can barely breathe, ______ move about freely. SSS_SINGLE_SELSSS_SINGLE_SEL A as well as B disregard for C let alone

D not mentioning 12.

The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City ______ shock and anger not only throughout America but also throughout the whole world. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A enveloped B summoned C tempted

D provoked 13.

Some readers, especially children, find his works among the most______books they have ever read. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A captivating B captivated C capturable

D captious 14.

The room is so ______ with furniture that it is hard to move about. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A muddled B cluttered C distributed D scattered

15.

was not a target for terror attacks, the Government

insisted yesterday, as the US ______ closed for an apparent security review. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A Consultation B Constitution C Consulate

D Consular 16.

\"They said what we always knew,\" said an administration source, ______. A he asked not to be named B who asked not to be named C who asked not be named

D who asked not named 17.

Remember to ask for a______ of quality for the consumer goods; otherwise they will not of- fer any maintenance. SSS_SINGLE_SELSSS_SINGLE_SEL A certificate B mark C warranty

D receipt 18.

The patient is not in good condition, so do not ______ your visit. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A lengthen B delay C extend

D prolong 19.

Australia is struggling to cope with the consequences of a

devastating drought. As the world warms up, other countries should pay______ SSS_SINGLE_SEL A heel

B heal C heed

D head 20.

The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now ______ for it. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A none the worse B none the better C never worse

D never better

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the US economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization. Currently, many older

experienced workers retire at an early age. According to the recently issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century.

Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the

population, according to the US Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older skilled workers employed, even part time, would

increase US economic output and strengthen the tax base; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely.

Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties

subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax rates as high as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits.

Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increase in 401 (k) and Keogh retirement plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances,

there is evidence that baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater financial assets than previous generations.

The Hudson institute advocates reforming government policies that now discourage work and savings, especially for older worker. Among the report\"s recommendations: Tax half of all Social Security benefits. regardless of other income; provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65; and permit workers nearing retirement to **pensation

packages that may include a lower salary but with greater healthcare benefits. However, it may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken must be allowed to prolong the serviceability of older experienced workers. SSS_SINGLE_SEL 1. According to Hudson Institute researchers, the effect of the early retirement of qualified workers in the U. S. economy is ______

A constructive B significant C inconclusive D detrimental SSS_SINGLE_SEL2. The older experienced workers in America tend to retire early because their prolonged service may ______ A do harm to younger generations B end up with few or no benefits C give play to their potentials D shed light on social trends SSS_SINGLE_SEL 3. The second paragraph is written chiefly to show that ______

A there will be an acute labor shortage in the near future B baby-boomers contribute much to the US economic output C government policies concerning older people are out-dated D alder workers are enthusiastic about collecting social benefits

Parkinson\"s disease, first described in the early 1800s by British physician James Parkinson as \"shaking palsy\

prevalent neurological disorders. According to the United Nations, at least four million people worldwide have it; in North America,

estimates run from 500,000 to one million, with about 50,000

diagnosed every year. These figures are expected to double by 2040 as the world\"s elderly population grows; indeed, Parkinson\"s and other neurodegenerative **mon in the elderly (such as Alzheimer\"s and

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) are on their way to overtaking cancer as a leading cause of death. But the disease is not entirely one of the aged: 50 percent of patients acquire it after age 60; the other half are affected before then. Furthermore, better diagnosis has made experts increasingly aware that the disorder can attack those younger than 40.

So far researchers and clinicians have found no way to slow, stop or prevent Parkinson\"s. Although treatments do exist-including drugs and deep-brain stimulation-these therapies alleviate symptoms, not

causes. In recent years, however, several promising developments have occurred. In particular, investigators who study the role proteins play have linked miscreant proteins to genetic underpinnings of the disease. Such findings are feeding optimism that fresh angles of attack can be identified.

As its 19th-century name suggests--and as many people know from the educational efforts of prominent Parkinson\"s sufferers such as Janet Reno, Muhammad Ali and Michael J. Fox--the disease is characterized by movement disorders. Tremor in the hands, arms and elsewhere, limb rigidity, slowness of movement, and impaired balance and coordination are among the disease\"s hallmarks. In addition, some patients have trouble walking, talking, sleeping, urinating and performing sexually.

These impairments result from neurons dying. Although the victim cells are many and found throughout the brain, those producing the neurotransmitter dopamine in a region called the substantia nigra are particularly hard-hit. These dopaminergic nerve cells are **ponents of the basal ganglia, a complex circuit deep within the brain that fine-tunes and co-ordinates movement. Initially the brain can

function normally as it loses dopaminergic neurons in the supstantia nigra, even though it cannot replace the dead cells. But when half or more of these specialized cells disappear, the brain can no longer cover for them. The deficit then produces the same effect that losing air traffic control does at a major airport. Delays, false starts, cancellations and, ultimately, chaos pervade as parts of the brain involved in motor control--the thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex--no longer function as an integrated and orchestrated unit. SSS_SINGLE_SEL4. Which of the following statements about Parkinson\"s disease can be best supported by the passage?

A Parkinson\"s disease will become one of the leading causes of death for the old people

B Parkinson\"s disease is not entirely one of the aged, as half of the patients are young people

C Parkinson\"s disease first appeared in the 19th century D Parkinson\"s disease is a neurological disorder, but not yet a neurodegenerative illness SSS_SINGLE_SEL 5. The author of the passage suggests that the developments in the study of Parkinson\"s disease can help______

A prevent Parkinson\"s

B alleviate the causes of Parkinson\"s

C find new avenues for treatment of Parkinson\"s D cure Parkinson\"s SSS_SINGLE_SEL6. According to the passage, what causes Parkinson\"s disease?

A The dopaminergic nerve cells are impaired by the victim cells B The dopaminergic nerve cells can no longer co-ordinate movement

C There are tumors in the brain

D There are not enough dopaminergic neurons in the brain SSS_SINGLE_SEL 7.

Janet Reno and Michael J. Fox are mentioned in the passage because______

A they were experts on Parkinson\"s disease

B they made great efforts to fight Parkinson\"s disease C they succeeded in fighting Parkinson\"s disease D they were well-known sufferers of Parkinson\"s disease SSS_SINGLE_SEL 8. The primary purpose of this passage is to______

A analyze what causes Parkinson\"s disease B demonstrate how to prevent Parkinson\"s disease

C warn the young people of the danger of Parkinson\"s disease D present new movements in the study of Parkinson\"s disease

Most scholars agree that Isaac Newton, while formulating the laws of force and gravity and inventing the calculus in the late 1600s, probably knew all the science there was to know at the time. In the ensuing 350 years an estimated 50 million research papers and

innumerable books have been published in the natural sciences and mathematics. The modern high school student probably now possesses more scientific knowledge than Newton did, yet science to many people seems to be an impenetrable mountain of facts.

One way scientists have tried to cope with this mountain is by

becoming more and more specialized. Another strategy for coping with the mountain of information is to largely ignore it. That shouldn\"t come as a surprise. Sure, you have to know a lot to he a scientist, but knowing a lot is not what makes a scientist. What makes a

scientist is ignorance. This may sound ridiculous, but for scientists the facts are just a starting place. In science, every new discovery raises 10 new questions.

By this calculus, ignorance will always grow faster than knowledge. Scientists and laypeople alike would agree that for all we **e to know, there is far more we don\"t know. More important, every day there is far more we know we don\"t know. One crucial outcome of scientific knowledge is to generate new and better ways of being

ignorant: not the kind of ignorance that is associated with a lack of curiosity or education but rather a cultivated, high-quality

ignorance. This gets to the essence of what scientists do: they make distinctions between qualities of ignorance. They do it in grant proposals and over beers at meetings. As James Clerk Maxwell,

probably the greatest physicist between Newton and Einstein, said, \"Thoroughly conscious ignorance...is a prelude to every real advance in knowledge. \"

This perspective on science—that it is about the questions more than the answers— **e as something of a relief. It makes science less threatening and far more friendly and, in fact, fun. Science becomes a series of elegant puzzles and puzzles within puzzles— and who doesn\"t like puzzles? Questions are also more accessible and often more interesting than answers; answers tend to be the end of the process, whereas questions have you in the thick of things.

Lately this side of science has taken a backseat in the public mind to what I call the accumulation view of science—that it is a pile of facts way too big for us to ever hope to conquer. But if scientists would talk about the questions, and if the media reported not only on new discoveries but the questions they answered and the new puzzles they created, and if educators stopped trafficking in facts that are already available on Wikipedia—then we might find a public once

again engaged in this great adventure that has been going on for the past 15 generations. SSS_SINGLE_SEL 9. Which of the following would most scholars agree to about Newton and science?

A Newton was the only person who knew all the science in the 1600s

B Newton\"s laws of force and gravity dominated science for 350 years

C Since Newton\"s time, science has developed into a mountain of facts

D A high school student probably knows more science than Newton did SSS_SINGLE_SEL 10. Which of the following is best supported in this passage?

A A scientist is a master of knowledge B Knowledge generates better ignorance C Ignorance is a sign of lack of education D Good scientists are thoroughly ignorant SSS_SINGLE_SEL 11.

Why is it a relief that science is about the questions more than the answers?

A Because people like solving puzzles B Because questions make science accessible C Because there are more questions than answers D Because questions point the way to deep answers SSS_SINGLE_SEL 12. The expression \"take a backseat\" (line 1, paragraph 5) probably means

A take a back place B have a different role C be of greater priority D become less important SSS_SINGLE_SEL 13. What is the author\"s greatest concern in the passage?

A The involvement of the public in science B Scientists\" enjoyment of ignorance C The accumulation of scientific knowledge

D Newton\"s standing in the history of science

Why does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rather than applied research? Basic research is the very heart of science, and its cumulative product is the capital of scientific progress, a capital that must be constantly increased as the demands upon it rise. The goal of basic research is understanding, for its own sake. Understanding of the structure of the atom or the nerve cell, the explosion of a spiral nebula or the distribution of cosmic dust, the causes of earthquakes and droughts, or of man as a behaving creature and of the social forces that are created whenever two or more human **e into contact with one another--the scope is staggering, but **mitment to truth is the same. If **mitment were to a particular result, conflicting evidence might be overlooked or, with the best will in the world, simply not appreciated. Moreover, the practical applications of basic research frequently cannot be anticipated. When Roentgen, the physicist, discovered X-rays, he had no idea of their usefulness to medicine.

Applied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediate attractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always far exceed those for basic research, and the

proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds devoted to research by industry--which is naturally far more concerned with applied aspects because these increase profits quickly--the funds the U.S. Government allots to basic

research currently amount to about 7 percent of its overall research and development funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to drive out basic. Then, as Dr. Waterman has pointed out, \"Developments will inevitably be undertaken prematurely, career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making major scientific

discoveries will be lost. Unfortunately, pressures to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasis upon pure science tend to degrade the quality of the nation\"s technology in the long run, rather than to improve it.\" SSS_SINGLE_SEL14. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is ______.

A Roentgen\"s Ignorance of X-rays

B The Attractiveness of Applied Research C The Importance of Basic Research D Basic Research vs SSS_SINGLE_SEL 15. Industry is primarily interested in applied research because it ______.

A provides better understanding B is frowned upon by the Foundation C offers immediate profit D drives out basic research SSS_SINGLE_SEL 16. Basic research is vital because ______.

A it leads to results that can be appreciated B it is driven out by applied research

C it provides the basis for scientific progress D its results cannot be anticipated SSS_SINGLE_SEL17. The federal government ______.

A encourages basic research

B devotes more than 90% of its research and development funds to applied research

C spends far more on applied research than on military problems D opposes the Foundation\"s grants to basic research Part Ⅲ Cloze

Seventeen-year-old Quantae Williams doesn\"t understand why the U. S. Supreme Court struck down his school district\"s racial diversity program. He now 1 the prospect of leaving his mixed-race high school in suburban Louisville and 2 to the poor black downtown schools where he 3 in fights. \"I\"m doing 4 in town. They should just leave it the 5 it is,\" said Williams, using a fond nickname for suburban

Jeffersontown High School, 6 he\"s bused every day from his downtown neighborhood. \"Everything is 7 , we get along well. If I go where all my friends go, I\"ll start getting in trouble again,\" Williams said as he took a 8 from his summer job 9 clothing 10 for poor families. Last month\"s 5-4 ruling by the Supreme Court struck down programs that were started voluntarily in Louisville and Seattle. The court\"s decision has left schools 11 the country 12 to find a way to protect

13 in their classrooms. Critics have called the decision the biggest 14 to the ideals of the 19 Brown vs. Board of Education 15 , which outlawed racial segregation in U. S. public schools. With students already 16 to schools for the 17 year that begins in September, 18 will be immediately affected by the Supreme Court decision. In

Jefferson County, officials said it could be two years 19 a new plan is 20 place, leaving most students in their current schools. SSS_SINGLE_SEL 1. A aspires to B dreads C is hostile to D disdains SSS_SINGLE_SEL2. A maintaining B transmitting C reimbursing D returning SSS_SINGLE_SEL 3. A used to get B is used to get C is used to getting D use to get SSS_SINGLE_SEL 4. A well B better C good D best SSS_SINGLE_SEL 5. A method B way C procedure D manner SSS_SINGLE_SEL

6.

A where B to where C for which D which SSS_SINGLE_SEL 7. A linked B segregated C equal D mixed SSS_SINGLE_SEL 8. A rest B break C resurgence D recreation SSS_SINGLE_SEL9. A picking B sorting C selecting D separating SSS_SINGLE_SEL 10. A forfeit B booty C donation D present SSS_SINGLE_SEL 11. A over B across C amid D along SSS_SINGLE_SEL 12.

A falsifying B purchasing C scampering D scrambling SSS_SINGLE_SEL 13. A sanctity B complication C genuineness D diversity SSS_SINGLE_SEL 14. A concession B countenance C threat D adherence SSS_SINGLE_SEL 15. A condition B case C claim D example SSS_SINGLE_SEL 16. A looted B assigned C prodded D occupied SSS_SINGLE_SEL 17. A academic B scholarly C educational D pedagogical SSS_SINGLE_SEL18.

A few B many C a few D everyone SSS_SINGLE_SEL 19. A after B before C since D because SSS_SINGLE_SEL 20. A in B on C out of

D into

Part Ⅳ Proofreading

(66) Prosperous alumni helped make 2006 a recorded fund-raising year for colleges and universities, which hauled in $28 billion -- a 9.4 percent jump from 2005.

(67) There were increases across the board, but for usual it was the already wealthy who tared best. (68) Stanford\"s $911 million was the most ever collected by a single university, and rose the possibility of a billion-dollar fund-raising year in the not-too-distant future. (69) \"There were a set of ideas and a set of initiatives that the university is undertaking that people wanted to invest,\" said Martin Shell, Stanford\"s vice president for development. (70) \"This is an unbelievably generous response from unbelievably philanthropic set of alumni, parents, and friends.\"

(71) Harvard ranked two in fund-raising last year with $595 million. (72) National, donations from alumni rose 18.3 percent from 2005, according to figures released yesterday by the Council for Aid to Education. (73) Alumni donations account about 30 percent of giving to higher education. (74) Giving from other groups, such as

corporations and foundations, increased by much small amounts. (75) Survey director Ann Kaplan said the strong economics played a role, but universities also were asking more aggressively as part of formal fund-raising campaigns. SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 1.

SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 2. SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 3. SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 4. SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 5. SSS_TEXT_QUSTI6. SSS_TEXT_QUSTI7. SSS_TEXT_QUSTI8. SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 9. SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 10.

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