高级英语第一册Unit1课文

Unit 1: The Middle Eastern Bazaar

A. Teaching Objectives (Vocabulary/ Paraphrase/ Structure/ Style/ Rhetoric)1. know the background of “Middle Eastern Bazaar”2. grasp the main idea and the theme of this essay3. master the language used in a special way in the essay

4. paraphrase the difficult sentences and understand the structure of the text.5. appreciate the description writing and rhetoric skills in advanced level

6. conduct a series of discussing, analyzing, presenting activities related to the theme of this essay.B. Teaching PointsI. Background informationII. Introduction to the passageIII. Text analysisIV. Rhetorical devicesV. Special difficultiesVI. Style & Type of Writing:VII. Writing Technique:I. Background Information1. Middle Eastern Countries2. Architecture of Gothic StyleII. Style & Type of writing

1. Type of literature: -- a piece of objective description

2. The purpose of a piece of objective description: ---to record and reproduce a true picture with opinions and emotions of theauthor excluded

3. Ways of developing a piece of objective description: ---to begin with a brief general picture, divide the object into parts andorganize the detailed description in order of spaceStructural analysis

Part I. (para.1) (Th e Middle Eastern takes you back …)

General atmosphere: ancient & primitive/ harmonious/ lively, active, vigorous, & healthyPart II. (paras 2 - 4) (Then as you … at intervals.)

The cloth market: muted/ sepulchral/ Bargaining is the order of the day.Part III: (paras. 5 –7) (One of the most picturesque… lie beside them.)

The coppersmith market and other markets: sound and light/ smell/ varied characters/ harmonious Part IV: (paras: 8-9)(Perhaps the most unforgettable…)

The mill where linseed oil is extracted: the description of the mill/ Words describing soundIII. Text Analysis (Effective Writing Skills)

1. making effective use of specific verbs2. using adjectives accurately

3. using five human senses---vivid description of hearing, smelling, seeing, tasting and touching4. using rhetorical devices properlyIV. Rhetorical DevicesV. Special Difficulties

1. The comprehension and appreciation of the words describing sound, colour, light, heat, size and smell. (identifyingfigures of speech)

2. The appreciation of the words and expressions used for stress and exaggeration. (translating some paragraphs)3. Some useful expressions such as to make a point of, it is a point of hono ur…, and etc. (paraphrasing some sentences)VI. Writing Technique:1. from Macro to Micro

2. words appealing to senses: light & heat, sound & movement, and smell & colour and taste.

3. nouns, adjectives and even adverbs used as verbs: thread, round, narrow, price, live, tower and dwarf.4. words imitating sounds: onomatopoeia5. stressful and impressive sentence structures:I . Background information

1. What occurs to you when the term Middle East is mentioned?

veiled women/ men in robes or turbans/ copper vessels/ carpets (rug, tapestry)/ spices/ Muslins/ The mosque/ The Koran/Allah/ Desert/ Camels/ Caravansary/ Trade caravan/ Silk Road/ mirage/ Petroleum/ desert, sandstorm, sand dust/ Gulf wars/Jerusalem (Holy City)…/2. Middle East：

A. The area around the eastern Mediterranean; from Turkey to North Africa and eastward to IranB. It is the site of such ancient civilizations as Phoenicia, Babylon, EgyptC. It is the birthplace of Judaism, Christianity and IslamRefer to Note 23. bazaar:

an oriental muslin market-place where a variety of goods is sold. The bazaar played an important role in the society, whichdemonstrated that the handicraft economy was prosperous. People relied on that kind of economy in their daily life. It is asignificant contrast to our modern society.eastern: oriental东⽅---- ant. Occidental西⽅

4. Gothic: of a style of building in Europe between the 12th and 16th cs., with pointed arches, arched roofs, tall thin pillars,and stained glass windows-- Gothic architecture哥特式建筑

-- Gothic novel: characterized by an atmosphere of mystery and horror and having pseudo-medieval setting哥特式⼩说.-- The first written by Mary Shelley in the 18th c.-- Frankenstein弗兰肯斯坦

II．Text Analysis (Language points and examples)

1. Singular us e of EYE and EAR indicates one’s power of sight and hearing/ having a due sense of/ be a good judge of.3) The big poster caught my eye. 4) The view was pleasing to the eye.5) Keep an eye on that man. 6) Turn a blind eye/ a deaf ear to sth/sb.7) She has an ear for music (sensitive).

blind in one eye ＝lose an eye / compound eyes/ the naked eye2. extend:

1) Cause to cover a wider area; make larger.e.g. The car part has been extended.2) Cause to last longer.

e.g. We have been to the embassy to have our visas extended.3) Hold out toward sb.e.g. I nod and extend my hand.

-- Extended family: a family which extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents, uncles, ants, and otherrelatives, who all live nearby or in one household.

-- Extend: to extend one’s business/ to extend a railway/ to extend a school building/ to extend one’s power and influenceinto/ to extend one’s visit for a few days more/ to extend sympathy to/ to extend a warm welcome to/ to extend help to thepoor/ an extended meandering river/ one’s extended residence in 3. shadowy: full of shadows1) They took a stroll along a long, shadowy, cobbled path, hand in hand.* of uncertain identity or nature

2) A shadowy figure appeared through the mist.Shadow: used figuratively

3) The shadow of war fell across Europe.4) Only one shadow lay over Sally's life.5) He lived in the shadow of his father.4. glare: strong, fierce, unpleasant light

1) The red glare over the burning city could be seen a 100 miles away.2) One can’t keep any privacy in the full glare of publicity.3) The tropic sun glared down on us all the day.*stare angrily or fiercely at:They stood glaring at each other.

5. thread one’s way: move carefully or skillfully in and out of obstacles1) She threaded her way through the tables.

Make/ penetrate/ elbow/ kick/ wangle/ squeeze/ cut/ eel/ push/ head/ slash/ fight/ feel/ labor/ kneel/ kill 6. throng: a great manypeople assembled together (cf. crowd)

1) There are always throngs of people on Tien An Men Square.2) The department store was thronged with people.3) People thronged to see the new play.

(Throng differs from “crowd in that it carries a stronger implication of movement and of pushing and a weaker implication ofdensity.)

7. clear away: to remove from (as a space) all that occupies or encumbers, or that impedes or restricts use, passage or action8. conceivable: that can be conceived, imagined, thought of

1) people of every conceivable: age, appearance, nationality, occupation, background, temperament; religion, taste, bloodtype

2) buildings of every conceivable: shape, style, building material, height, size, color

3) books of every conceivable: theme, style, level, size, color, price, …gardens of every conceivable ...4)（conceive / deceive / perceive / receive）9. penetrate: to enter or force a way into; to pierce.e.g.

A smell of burnt branches and leaves penetrated the courtyard.院⼦⾥弥漫着⼀股树枝和树叶烧焦的⽓味。

The odor of the perfume penetrated the whole classroom.整个教室⾥弥漫着⾹⽔的⽓味。

Dell penetrated the home-computer market with an affordable new model.戴尔以⼤众购买⼒可承受的新机型打⼊家⽤电脑市场

10. din: loud, confused noise that continues.(cf. brawl, rout, hubbub, roar)

1) The children were making so much din (such a din) that I couldn’t concentrate on study (I couldn’t make myself heard).2) As Crawford raised his gavel, the d in from below increased to a “baying roar”.3) The din stopped suddenly when the curtain was raised.

11. fade away: go slowly out of memory, view, hearing; gradually disappear.1) Daylight faded way.

2) As evening came the coastline faded away into darkness.3) She became ill and slowly faded away.4) Hopes of peace faded.

12. sepulchral: deep, dark, dismal, gloomya sepulchral monument 墓碑a sepulchral voice 阴沉的声⾳

the sepulchral atmosphere阴森森的⽓氛

13. measured: calm, without unnecessary excitement or noise; steady, slow and deliberate; rhythmical1) speak in measured terms

2) Her response to the furor over her new book was calm and measured.

3) Instead of screaming, shouting and humiliating his players to get them to play well, the manager’s tone is more measurednow.

4) She walked downs the hall with measured steps.14. follow suit: do what has been done by sb. else.

1) The teacher read the text in a slow, measured tones, and the students followed suit.2) Tom put his pen in his mouth and Jack followed suit.15. display (Syn. exhibit, demonstrate, show off; Ant. Conceal)

1) The exhibition of pictures was criticized because the best paintings were not well displayed.2) The peacock displayed its fine feathers.

16. the order of the day: the normal way of doing things; that which is of the greatest general interest at a p. time; prevailingstate of things.

1) They failed to act since confusion was the order of the day at the headquarters.2) His period was a building age, when competition was the order of the day.3) Coordination and mutual help have become the order of the day.

4) Going to the dining-hall, hurrying to the classroom and then coming back to the dorm is the order of the day for thestudents.

17. leisure cf. leisurely

I. leisure: n. /U/ the time when you are not working or doing other duties1) Most people only have a limited amount of leisure (time).

2) The town lacks leisure facilities such as a swimming pool or squash courts.

3) Leisure wear / clothes / garments are clothes that are worn for relaxing in when you are not at work. II. leisurely: a leisurelyaction is one that is done in a relaxed way, without hurrying:We enjoyed a leisurely picnic lunch on the lawn.

Sue ran out of the room in tears, followed, at a more leisurely pace, by her husband.18. bargain price

drive a hard bargain over sth. the asking price/ a retail pricea real bargain a long (heavy) price/ a cost pricebargainee a net price/ a wholesale price/ price tag/warbargainor current price/ an administrated pricebargainer a selling price/ a reduced price

into the bargain: in addition to what has already mentioned or was expectedI’m tired and extremely hungry-with a headache into the bargain.

19. a point of honor (conscience): sth. of vital imp ortance to one’s honor or conscience; to one’s self-respect1) It is a point of honor with me /anyone to live an honest and upright life.2) It was a point of honor with him to avenge any insult to his family.

20. make a point of: regard or treat it as ne cessary; try one’s best to insist on doing sth.

1) He always makes a point of being where he should be at the exact time arranged.（be punctual)

2) To realize our goal of the four modernizations, we make a point of learning the strong points of all nations, learning all thatgenuinely good in the political, scientific and technical fields and in art and literature.3) The teachers make a point of making strict demands on the students.4) Tourists to Beijing make a point of visiting the Great Wall.

21. deprive sb. of sth: take away; prevent from using or enjoying1) What would a student do if he were deprived of his books?2) An accident deprived him of his sight.

3) Too many trees round a house deprive it of light and air.4) These misfortunes almost deprived him of his reasons.5) Deprivation of one’s rights as a citizen1) Buses are running at 15-minute intervals.2) He yawned at intervals during the performance.3) There are farm houses at intervals along the road.23. impinge: have an effect (impact) on; strike.1) These decrees impinge on our liberty.2) Rays of light impinge on the eye.

3) Our country’s sovereignty should by no means be impinged upon.4) September 11 is a po litical incident that impinges on everyone’s life.impinge upon one’s authority/ Cf. encroach (on, upon) sb’s rights /land

We’ll never allow anybody to encroach upon China’s territorial integrity and sovereignty.24. distinct: easily heard, seen, understoodaway: constantly, continuously

1) The earth’s shadow on the moon was quite distinct.2) There is a distinct improvement in her oral English.3) He was working away at his academic thesis (dissertation).4) She was laughing (muttering, grumbling…) away.25. take a hand (in): help, play a part inDo you know your own hands?

Thumb/ index ~; forefinger; first ~; trick ~/ middle ~; long ~/ ring ~; third ~; medicine ~small ~; little ~

1) Don’t fool around. Come and take a hand in the cleaning.

2) If the strike continues, the government will have to take a hand in the negotiations.3) That old man also took a hand in digging.

4) Frank always takes a hand in the washing-up after dinner.

26. be (very much) attached to: be fond of; be bound to by love or affection

attach: fix; fasten; join; belong to; to cause to join as a member of sth. in action,; to come to; to come from;1) He attached himself to the group of climbers.

2) His firm attached him to the sales division of the business.3) No blame/guilt attaches to him for the accident.

4) She is deeply attached to her younger brother.5) He is foolishly attached to old customs.6) aid with no conditions attached

Cf. attaché: (Fr.) a person who is employed to help the representative (ambassador) of one country in another country(commercial attaché/ cultural attaché/ legal attaché/ military attaché/ press attaché/ navy attaché) Cf. cliché27. bellows: a device with an air bag that emits a stream of air when squeezed

28. live: live coal/ live fish/ a live bomb/cartridge shell/ a live match/ live wire/ a live broadcasta live question or issue or topic

a live person/ live metal/ a live picture/ live colors

29. delicate: very fine in texture or structure; of intricate workmanship or quality

porcelain of delicate workmanship/ delicate health/ a delicate vase/ a delicate diplomatic question30.Kitchenware= kitchen utensils

Earthenware 陶器/ Glassware玻璃器具/ Silverware/ Stoneware瓷器/ Woodenware⽊制⽤具31. profusion: plenty; great or too great amount

32. varied: implies more than “different”; stresses the idea of full of changes or variety, having numerous forms or types.1) a varied assortment of candies/birds of varied kinds/live a varied life/varied flowers, fashions, ideas, words, etc.33. bold: strongly marked; clearly formed1) the bold outline of a mountain

2) a painting made with a few bold (free and vigorous) brush strokes3) bold-----fine

34. pungent: sharp, stinging to the taste of smell, (comment ,criticism) having sharp and caustic quality (pungent article/pungent style/ pungent characters/ the pungent smell of frying onion/ pungent gas/ pungent sauce/ pungent sarcasm/ apungent remark)

35. exotic: not only foreign, but also out of the ordinary; strikingly or excitingly different or unusual-- (of plants, fashions, words, ideas) introduced from another country;-- exotic birds

-- They love to visit exotic places.

-- He planted exotics in the sheltered garden.

-- exotica: objects considered strange or interesting because they are out of the ordinary, especially because they originatedfrom a distant foreign country-- exotic dancer: striptease dancer36. linseed

37. a cavern of a room (metaphor for vividness)-- He was a tyrant of a landlord.-- They live in a matchbox of a house.-- Before him stood a little shrimp of a fellow.-- Delilah is a snake of a woman.

-- Scarlet is a tiny sparrow of a girl.

38. massive: large, heavy, solid, heavy-looking; substantial, impressive

a massive monument/ a massive forehead/ massive erudite (erudition)/ a massive doseC.f.: huge: immensity of bulk: a ~ pole; vast: of extent: a ~ expanse of the skybulky/ massy/ monumental/ substantial

39. extract: take or get out (by force); obtain by chemical or mechanical operation (pressure, distillation, evaporation,treatment with a solvent

1) The dentist extracted her wisdom tooth.

-- to extract a letter from the pocket; a bullet from a wound, juice from sugarcanes, oil from olive-- vanilla extract40. ramshackle: shaky

ramshackle apparatus/ ramshackle building/ ramshackle table/ ramshackle old ladyramshackle cottage/ ramshackle oildrill

41. tower: rise to a great height, be very tall, esp. in relation to the height of the surroundingsthe skyscrapers tower over New York.Ancient trees towered to the sky.

(fig.) a man who towers above his contemporaries ( a person eminent, greatly exceeds in ability, in intellectual or moralqualities

42. dwarf: cause to appear/make look small by contrast or distanceSnow White and Seven Dwarves

43. ooze: (of moisture, thick liquids) pass slowly through small openings.1) Blood was still oozing from the wound in his scalp.

ooze: (of moisture, thick liquids) pass slowly through small openings

2) As the German psychiatrist Sigmund Freud noted, “Though we may lie with our lips, betrayal oozes out of us at everypore.”

44. glisten: sparkle, shine brightly1) a big pair of eyes glistening with tears2) His cheeks glistened with tears.Cf. flash: sudden outburst of flame or light-- flash of lightning; a flash of wit/hope/ inspiration-- glow: send out brightness or warmth without flame-- glowworm; afterglow;

IV. A painting of a description: The author extensively applies the technique of contrast:-- of noise and silence,-- of brightness and darkness,-- of heat and coolness,

-- of tiny apprentice and huge leather bellows,

-- of a sunlit courtyard and a sombre cavern of a room

-- to resemble the light and shade, brightness and darkness of a picture.

-- a speeding up of the rhythm of the description, which resembles the quickening of the pace of a melody.V. Rhetorical devices employed in the text:1. antithesis:--dwarf---tower

-- tiny apprentice---huge bellows-- heat---cool;-- glare---dark

-- sumptuous dinner---humble meal…tingling, clashing, banging

The hinge of the door needs oiling, it creaks every time it is opened.the squeak of a mouse

The thunder / the big guns rumbled in the distance.

The roof creaked and groaned under the weight of the snow.

3. Parallel structure: regularly employed in the listing of facts, ideas, events

4. Personification: a figure that endows objects, animals, ideas, or abstractions with human form, character, or sensibility,The Middle Easter bazaar takes you...dancing flashes

The beam sinks…taut and protesting

5. Hyperbole: a device of comparison using exaggeration or obvious overstatement for comic or dramatic effect.takes you ...hundreds even thousands of yearsevery conceivableinnumerable lampsincredibly youngwith the dust of centuries: