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中考高频考点

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I. 中考错误例析

在句中出现一些原本没有或本应省略的成分。 例1.

Though traveling by air is fast and comfortable, but it costs too much money. (×) Traveling by air is fast and comfortable, but it costs too much money. (√) Though traveling by air is fast and comfortable, it costs too much money. (√) 例2.

Because he was ill yesterday, so he didn’t go to work. (×) Because he was ill yesterday, he didn’t go to work. (√) He was ill yesterday, so he didn’t go to work. (√)

[析] 用though, but表示“虽然……,但是…… ”或用because, so 表示“因为……,所以……”时,though和but 及because和so 都只能择一而用,不能两者同时使用。 例3.

More than three hundreds people died in the oil well accident in Chongqing in 2003.(×)

More than three hundred people died in the oil well accident in Chongqing in 2003. (√)

[析] hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前有具体数词修饰用来表示“确数”时,无论数词大小,hundred等词都要用单数形式。 例4.

My English teacher is a 38-years old man. (×) My English teacher is a 38-year-old man. (√)

[析] 句中的38-years-old是由数词、名词和形容词一起构成的复合形容词,在句中充当定语,修饰名词man。复合形容词作定语时, 其中的名词要用单数形式, 且各词之间要有连字符“-”。 例5.

The Smiths have moved Beijing. (×) The Smiths have moved to Beijing. (√)

[析] 不及物动词后接名词或代词作宾语时,要在动词之后加上适当的介词;但不及物动词后接home, here, there等副词作宾语时,动词之后不必加任何介词。 例6.

The box is too heavy for him to carry it. (×) The box is too heavy for him to carry. (√)

[析] the box既是这句话的主语, 也是不定式to carry的逻辑宾语,若句末再加上it,就和the box重复了。 II. “主谓不一致”类错误例析

主谓不一致类错误指的是句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上不一致而形成的错误。 例1.

Each of the boys have a pen. (×) Each of the boys has a pen. (√)

[析] 复数名词前有表个体的each of, one of, every,either of等词组修饰,或有表否定的neither of, none of 等词组修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。 例2.

Neither he nor you is good at English. (×) Neither he nor you are good at English. (√)

[析] either... or..., neither... nor..., not only..., but also... 等词组连接句子的两个主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近一致原则”, 即由靠近谓语的那个主语决定谓语的人称和数用何种形式。 例3.

Two months are quite a long time. (×) Two months is quite a long time. (√)

[析] 当时间、度量、距离、重量等名词作句子主语时,常将其看作一个整体,谓语动词要用单数形式。 例4.

Ten minus three are seven. (×) Ten minus three is seven. (√)

[析] 用英语表示加(plus)、减(minus)等数学运算时,谓语动词也用单数形式。 例5.

Watching TV too much are bad for your eyes. (×) Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. (√)

[析] 不定式、v-ing形式充当句子主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 例6.

The number of the workers in this factory are about 5,000. (×) The number of the workers in this factory is about 5,000. (√)

[析] the number of表示“……的数量”,谓语动词用单数形式;a number of 的意思是“若干”或“许多”,相当于some或a lot of,和复数名词连用,谓语动词用复数形式。

III. “词序”、“语序”类错误例析

词序、语序类错误指的是单词或句子在排列顺序上不正确,也表现为该用陈述语序的用了疑问句语序,或该用疑问句语序的用了陈述句语序等情况。 例1. Hello! I have important something to tell you. (×) Hello! I have something important to tell you. (√)

[析] 形容词或动词不定式修饰不定代词作定语时,修饰成分要置于不定代词之后。

例2. His son is enough old to go to school. (×) His son is old enough to go to school. (√)

[析] enough作形容词修饰名词时,可以放在名词前,也可放在名词后;作副词修饰形容词或副词时,只能放在形容词或副词之后。 例3. Here is your sweater, put away it.(×) Here is your sweater, put it away. (√)

[析] put away, pick up, put on等“动词+副词”构成的词组后接代词作宾语时,代词只能放在动词和副词之间。

例4. I don’t know where is he going.(×) I don’t know where he is going. (√)

[析] 在含宾语从句的复合句中,从句要用陈述句语序。 例5. Look! Here the bus comes.(×) Look! Here comes the bus.(√)

[析] 在以here, there引起的陈述句中,若句子的主语是名词,要用倒装语序,即用“Here /There+动词+名词”结构;但主语若是代词时,则不用倒装语序, 即用“Here/There +代词+动词”结构。

例6. I do well in playing football, _______. (我妹妹也行。) A. so my sister does(×) B. so does my sister(√)

例7. --- Li Lei is really a football fan. --- _______. (确实这样.) A. So is he(×) B. So he is(√)

[析] “so+be动词/助动词+主语”的倒装结构表示前面所述情况也适用于后者,意为“……也是这样”;“so+主语+be动词/助动词”的陈述结构表示对前述情况的肯定,意为“……确实如此”。 IV. “逻辑”类错误例析

逻辑类错误是指用英语表达某一思想时,犯了逻辑推理错误,导致句子语法成分不全,句意表达上前后矛盾等方面的失误。 例1. 重庆比中国的其他城市都大。 Chongqing is larger than any city in China. (×) Chongqing is larger than any other city in China. (√)

[析] “any city in China”包括了重庆这座城市, 同一事物自己与自己不能做比较,只有在city 前加上other才能表示重庆和中国的其它城市比较大小。 例2. 广州的天气比北京的天气更暖和。 The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than Beijing. (×) The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than that in Beijing . (√)

[析] 表示比较时,句子中的两个比较对象必须一致,不同的比较对象不能做比较。错误句的比较对象分别为the weather in Guangzhou和Beijing,这两个不同类的事物之间不能做比较。 V. “受汉语思维方式影响”类错误例析

受汉语影响类错误是指用英语表达某个意思时,受了汉语表达的影响而导致犯错。

例1. Mr Wu teaches our English. (×) Mr Wu teaches us English. (√)

[析] “teach sb. sth.”句式中的sb.和 sth.是teach的双宾语,因此teach后的人称代词要用宾格,而不能受汉语影响使用形容词性物主代词。 例2. His sister married with a teacher last summer.(×)

His sister married a teacher last summer. (√)

[析] 表达“A和B结婚”,要用A married/will marry B。这时务必要避免受汉语影响使用A married/will marry with B。

例3. There is going to have a film tonight. (×) There is going to be a film tonight. (√)

[析] 一般将来时用在 There be 句式中时,be going to或will之后的动词原形只能用be,也就是说要用There is (are) going to be.... / There will be....。 例4. I’ll go hiking if it won’t rain next Sunday. (×) I’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain next Sunday.(√)

[析] 习惯上在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句的谓语动词用了一般将来时,从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。 例5. Teacher told us yesterday that the earth went around the sun. (×) Teacher told us yesterday that the earth goes around the sun. (√)

[析] 习惯上在含有宾语从句的复合句中,主句的谓语动词用了一般过去时,从句的谓语动词要用过去的某种时态。但如果从句表述的是一客观事实或客观真理时,则不受主句时态的影响,而用一般现在时。 例6. All the balls are not round. 翻译成汉语: 所有的球都不是圆的。(×) 并不是所有的球都是圆的。(√)

[析] all, every, both等词和not连用时,not通常放在all, every, both的后面,一般情况下表示部分否定,意为“并非……都……”。

例7. Do you know the way of the park? (×) Do you know the way to the park? (√)

[析] 习惯上表示无生命名词的所有格常用“...of...”; 但表示“通往……的路”要用“the way to...”, 而不能用“the way of...”。类似结构的词还有 the key to the lock (这把锁的钥匙), the answer to this question(这个问题的答案), the ticket to the concert (音乐会的票)等。

例8. --- He didn’t go to school yesterday, did he? --- _______, though he didn’t feel very well. A. No, he didn’t (×) B. Yes, he did (√) 例9. --- Don’t you usually come to school by bike? --- _______. But I sometimes walk. A. No, I don’t (×) B. Yes, I do (√)

[析] 习惯上英语中的yes意为“是的”,no意为“不”,但在“前否后肯”的反意疑问句或否定疑问句中,yes意为“不”,no意为“是的”。

下面的知识点,也许小得不值一谈,但考试中出现的频率却是居高不下,希望通过此种方式加深你的记忆! (一)

forget用法真特殊 “做过的事”用doing

“没做的事”用to do “忘带某物”后接物 后加“地状”变leave 情景例句:

1.I forgot returning him the money;I gave him the money again just now. 我忘记了已还给他钱了,结果刚才我又给他钱了。 2.Don’t forget to give the book to your sister,please. 请不要忘记把这本书给你妹妹。

3.Tom had forgotten his wallet and he went back for it just now. 汤姆忘记带钱包了,刚才回去取了。

4.Last time you left your umbrella at home. Today you mustn’t forget it any more. 上一次你把伞忘在家里了,今天你可不要再忘了。 (二)

副词besides句中插 或雪上加霜或锦上添花

透视镜besides做副词用时,意为“而且、况且、再者、加之”。在句中做插入语,用逗号与该句子其他部分隔离,使该句子与前面句子在意义上含“雪上加霜”或“锦上添花”的意味。 情景例句:

1.I am too tired to go for a walk;besides,it is raining outside now. 我现在太累了不能出去散步,况且外面正在下雨。

2.My brother is a very strong fellow;besides,he likes sports very much. 我的弟弟是一个非常强壮的小伙子,加之他还非常喜欢运动。 (三)

the same … as …指同一类 the same … that …指同一个 情景例句:

She is wearing the same dress as I was wearing last week. 她穿着与我上周穿的同样的衣服。

To my surprise, he was riding the same bike that I lost yesterday. 使我惊讶的是,他正骑着我昨天丢的那辆自行车。

(四)

A number of…表示一些,后接可数名词的复数,谓语动词用相应的复数形式。 The number of …表示……数量是多少,谓语用单数第三人称形式。 情景例句:

1.A number of teachers are young in our school. 2.The number of teachers is 78 in our school. 往年中考高频考点 考点一 冠词的用法

①David comes from__European country and he is__honest boy.(潍坊) A.an;a B.a;an C.the;an D.a;the

解析 不定冠词a用在读音以辅音音素开头的单词前,不定冠词an用在读音以元音音素开头的单词前。European的第一个读音是辅音音素,故用a,honest的第一个读音是元音音素,故用an.因此选B.常见的有:an eleven-year-old boy/girl,an eight-year-old boy/girl.

②There is__report in today's newspaper.It's about__2008 Olympic Games.(黑龙江)

A./;the B.the;/ C.a;the

解析 当事物第一次出现时用a/an,第二次或第三次出现时用the,表示特指用the。故选C.

③Peter likes playing__football very much,but he doesn't like__football I bought for him on his birthday.(兰州)

A.the;the B./;/ C.the;/ D./;the

解析 play和球类棋类名词连用时,球类棋类前不加the(但乐器名词前要加the)。而后一空中的football 是特指他生日时我买给他的足球,故选D. 考点二 介词的用法

①—When does your mother go shopping? —Usually__Sunday mornings.(武汉) A.on B.in C.at D.for

解析 on表示具体的时间,in表示在不确定的时间,at表示在具体的几点钟,for 常与一段时间连用。星期天上午是具体的时间,故选A.

②The moon light is coming in __the window and the room seems quiet and beautiful.(成都)

A.across B.through C.over

解析 across表示从表面穿过,through表示从内部穿过,over表示从上方越过。本题中月光从窗户穿过,是从内部穿过。故选B. 考点三 代词的用法

①—Look!What's the postman giving Mrs.Chen? —He's giving__a letter.(沈阳) A.it B.him C.me D.her

解析 Mrs.Chen对应的宾格为her.故选D.

② —Would you like some water or tea? —__.A cup of coffee,please.(乌鲁木齐) A.Neither B.Both C.Either D.None

解析 neither表示两者都不;both表示两者都;either表示两者中的一个;none表示三者或三者以上都不。本题的句意为:你想喝水还是喝茶?都不喝,请来杯咖啡。故选A.

③Is there __between these two mobile phones?(桂林) A.something different B.anything different C.nothing different D.everything different

解析 something用于陈述句中,anything 用于否定句和疑问句中。本题为一般疑问句故应用anything,而又因为形容词修饰复合不定代词时,形容词应放在复合不定代词的后面,故选B. 考点四 情态动词的用法

①—Must I leave now? —No,you __.(甘肃) A.mustn't B.needn't C.don't D.won't

解析 must引导的一般疑问句否定回答时要用needn't或don't have to.故选B.

②—Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere. —Well.He__have gone far.His coat's still here.(包头) A.shouldn't B.mustn't C.can't D.wouldn't

解析 肯定推测用must,否定推测用can't,不确切推测用may,由题意可知选

C.

考点五 数词的用法

①—What do you think of the new book?

—There are so many new words in__chapter(章节)。It's a bit hard.(长沙) A.fifth B.five C.the fifth

解析 句意为:—你认为这本新书怎么样?—在第五章里有这么多新单词,有点难。序数词前必须加the.故选C.

②In our city,__ middle school students want to work as a teacher in the future.(重庆)

A.thousand B.thousand of C.thousands of D.two thousand of 解析 hundred,thousand和million,有s的有of,无s的无of,有具体数字的既无s也无of,故选C. 考点六 连系动词的用法

①—Dinner is ready.Help yourself!

—Wow!It __delicious,Could you please tell me how to cook it?(重庆) A.tastes B.looks C.sounds D.feels.

解析 taste尝起来,look看起来,sound听起来,feel摸起来。故选A. ②—It is said that no one bought that kind of fruit. —That's true.It tasted__.(绍兴) A.good B.terrible C.well D.terribly

解析 句中taste为连系动词,连系动词后接形容词作表语,故排除C.D.由句

意可知没有人买那种水果,它尝起来难吃,所以选B. 考点七 比较级,最高级的用法

①—Which coat is__on me,the blue one or the black one? —The blue one.(北京)

A.good B.better C.best D.the best

解析 由the blue one or the black one可知,应用比较级,选B. ②The busier he is,the__he feels.(天津)

A.happily B.happy C.happier D.more happy

解析 the+比较级,the +比较级,表示“越……,越……”,选C.

③Of all the sports shoes,John bought __pair.Then he had some money for socks.(成都)

A.a cheaper B.the most wonderful C.the least expensive

解析 由Of all the sports shoes可知用最高级,排除A.又由最后一句他有钱买袜子可知应该是买最便宜的,选C.

④Don't just believe the adver-tisement.That kind of camera is__it says.(河北) A.as good as B.not as good as C.as well as D.not as well as

解析 as...as 表示“与……一样”,not as/so...as表示“不如……”,由句意可知不要太相信广告,那种相机不如它说的那样好,排除A,C。又由is可知,应用形容词good,选B.

⑤—Whom would you like to be your assistant,Jack or David? —If I had to choose,David would be__choice.

A.good B.better C.the better D.the best

解析 本题句意为:—你想让谁做你的助手,杰克还是大卫?—如果我不得不选,大卫将是较好人选,“the+比较级”表示两者中较……的一个。选C. ⑥—Can you tell me how to keep healthy? —You should eat__fast food,

__vegetables and take enough exercise.(咸宁)

A.fewer;more B.fewer;less C.less;fewer D.less;more 解析 由句意可知,你应该少吃快餐,多吃蔬菜和多做运动。选D. ⑦She is one of __in China.(自贡)

A.more popular group B.the most popular group C.the most popular groups 解析 one of +形容词的最高级+可数名词的复数形式,表示“……中最……之一”。选C.

考点八 考查have been与have gone的区别。 ①—Where is your English teacher?

—She__Beijing for a meeting.She'll come back in a week.(广元) A.went to B.has been to C.has gone to ②—So far,how long __you__China? —For one year.(镇江)

A.have;come to B.have;been to C.have;been in D.have;gone to 解析 have/has been to+地点 表示曾经去过某地,说话时已回到说话地点。 have/has gone to+地点 表示去某地了,现在还没有回来,不在说话地点。

have been in+地点 表示某人在某地多久了。故①C.②C. 考点九 考查以how引导的特殊疑问句。 ①—__is“Lucky52” shown on CCTV? —Once a week.(广元)

A.How soon B.How often C.How many times ②—__is it from your home to school? —It's three miles.(随州)

A.How far B.How long C.How much D.How often ③—How soon shall we start the bicycle trip? —__.(南通)

A.In three day's B.After three days

C.In three days' time D.After three day's time

解析 how often 多久一次,问频率,回答常用表示频率的词如:once a week. how long 多长时间,常用for+时间段来回答。 how soon 过多久才会……,常用in+时间段来回答。 how far 多远,问距离。故①B,②A, ③C. 考点十 考查so的用法

Jim works hard on his Chinese and__.(济南)

A.So Lucy does B.So is lucy C.So does Lucy D.So Lucy is

解析 “so+倒装语序”表示前者的情况后者也适合 “……也是如此”。“so+陈述语序”表示“……的确如此”。选C.

考点十一 感叹句的用法

__it was yesterday because of the storm!

A.What bad weather B.What a bad weather C.How bad a weather D.How bad weather

解析 感叹句的构成有两种:What+名词(或形容词+名词)+主语+谓语!How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!weather是不可数名词,选A. 考点十二 动词时态

①Look!They__in the river.(泸州) A.swim B.swimming C.are swimming 解析由Look!可知要用现在进行时。选C.

②—I called you at half past nine this morning,but there was no answer. —Oh,sorry.I__with my cousin in the su-permarket.(安徽) A.shop B.was shopping C.shopped D.will shop

解析 句意为:—今天早上我给你打电话了,可是没有人来接。—很抱歉,我和我的堂兄正在超市买东西呢。根据句意,他们是讲打电话的时候正在干什么,打电话发生在过去,应用过去进行时。选B.

③There __a talk show on CCTV-4 at nine this evening.(河北) A.will have B.is going to be C.is going to have D.is having

解析 根据句意和时间状语at nine this evening可知要用将来时态。there be句型的一般将来时为there will be或there is going to be.选B.

动词不定式和连接代词/副词what/which/how/where/when/who连用 How to use the computer is a problem. I don’t know what to do next.

The question is where to get such a light.

书面表达: 写作步骤

1. 认真审题。审题包括要点、格式、词数以及此篇文章要传递给读者什么样的信息,告诫读者什么(即写作目的)。

2. 确定文体和时态。确定文体后,根据不同文体的特点和要求进行组织材料;同时确定出该篇文章的总时态与时态的变化。

3. 写完要点,但不随意发挥。 4. 先草稿,后抄写。

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