Unit 2

1. astronomer: n 天文学家；astronomy: n 天文学

2.explode: v 爆炸,由此联想：explosive: a 爆炸性的/n 炸药；explosion: n 爆炸 1). When the bomb______, many people were seriously wounded. 2). The unexpected ________ frightened the little girl. 3). It might be possible to convert _____ energy into heat. Answers: exploded, explosion, explosive

3. density: n 密度；联想产生：dense: a 密度大的，反义词：sparse;

densely: ad高密度地；densely-populated人口稠密的；sparsely-populated人口稀疏的 1). The ____ fog kept the travelers from finding the correct direction. 2). The business area of the city is _____ populated. 3). This liquid has a much greater ____ than water. Answers: dense, densely, density 4. shrink: v 收缩、退缩、缩水

1). As a result of careless washing, the jacket has shrunk to a child's size. 2).The girl shrinks at the sight of blood. 5. measurement: n 衡量、测量；

由此联想：measure: n措施/v 衡量、测量；measurable: a 可衡量的，可测量的 1). We must take _____ to protect our environment. 2). We have come within ______ distance of success. 3). Clocks give us a ______ of time.

4). There the rainfall is ______ not in inches but in feet. Answers: measures, measurable, measurement, measured 6.implication: n 含义、暗示；imply: v 暗示 7. basis: n 基础、根据，

由此可以联想得到：base: n 底部；v 以…为底，为根据；basic: a 基础的，根本的； basically: ad 根本上来说,

1). If you want to improve your English, you must have a solid ______.

2). The furniture of out dorm is really _____: two beds, two chairs and tables. 3). The charges are false for they are not ______ on proven facts.

4). Since no better plan can be worked out, we have to adopt the ____ workable one. Answers: basis, basic, based, basically

8. observatory: n 天文台；由此可以联想得到：

observe: v 观察；observation: n 观察；observer: n 观察家

9. convincing: a 有说服力的，使人信服的；convince: v 使人信服；convinced: a 感到有说服力的，常见搭配：convince sb of sth; convince sb that 1). He gave us a convincing speech. 2). He convinced me f his sincerity.

10. operate: v 运转、操作、动手术；operation : n 手术，操作；operator: 操作者 11. research into对…进行研究

She is researching into possible cures for AIDS. 12. swallow up: 吞没、耗尽

Many small businesses have been swallowed up by large companies. 13. apply to sb/sth：适用于某人/某事，请对比：

apply to sb for sth向某人申请某事；apply A to B将A 应用于B 1). You should apply what you have learned to your work. 2). I applied to him for a new job.

3). The study method doesn't apply to everyone 词组：

1.to research into 研究

She is researching into possible cures for AIDS. 她正在研究治疗艾滋病的方法。 2 speculation about : 关于… 的猜测

We heard all kinds of speculation about the cause of the President's death.我们听到关于总统死亡原因的种种猜测。

People have much speculation about the government's intentions.对的意图，人们作了许多猜测。

3 to swallow up : 吞没；并吞

His wife's clothes bill swallowed up his wages .老婆买的衣服耗尽了他的工资。 The fog swallowed up the whole city.雾笼罩全城。

She swallowed the medicine with the help of some water.她用水把药咽下了。 His figure was swallowed up in the dark.他的身影消失在黑暗中。 4 to make use of ：利用= to take advantage of

We should make good use of our leisure time.我们应该好好利用休闲时间。 He was making full use of his opportunity.他正充分利用他的机会。 to reduce … to 简化，归纳，迫使

Months' bombing reduced the city to ruins. 几个月的轰炸使这个城市变成了废墟 5 to apply to 适用于

It does not apply to you.它不适用于你。

Text B

1. resolve: v 旋转，常见搭配关系为：resolve around sb/sth围绕…转。 She spends all of her time resolving around her family. The earth resolves around the sun. 2. solar: a 太阳的，日光的

solar energy太阳能；solar system太阳系；solar month阳历月 3. concerned: a 有关的、担心的

Her job is something concerned with computer. He is concerned about the result of the exam.

4. colored: a 有色的，对比；colorful: a 丰富多彩的 I like orange-colored coat. Everybody likes colorful life.

5. religion: n 宗教，religious: a 虔诚的； 请对比：region: n 地区；regional: a 地区的 6. circumstance: n 情况、境遇；

Under no circumstances can we waste time.

7. a great many = a number of = many很多，修饰复数名词。而a great deal of + u.n A great many students are absent today. I have wasted a great deal of time. 8. above all: 首先、首要

After the war, he longed above all to see his wife and family. 9. as a rule: 通常、一般而言

As a rule, I only watch sports news. 词组

1.a great many , a good many 很多 （ 后边加可数名词） 2.above all : 最重要的，尤其；首先

Above all , don't forget to write.最重要的是别忘了写信。

In choosing the curtain for a room, you should consider the material from the point of view of texture, its weight, its pattern - but its colour above all .在挑选房间窗帘面料时，你应该考虑质地、重量和图案等，但最重要的是颜色。

3.as a rule : 在多数情况下，通常，一般而言 = usually As a rule I'm home by six.我通常六点前在家。

As a rule, I only read detective novels.通常我只读侦探小说。 4.together with : 和，连同

These new facts, together with the other evidence, prove the prisoner's innocence.这些新的事实连同其他证据证明这个犯人清白无辜。

John, together with his brother, has gone to the party.约翰连同他的兄弟一起去参加宴会了。

注意together with 作插入语时，句子的谓语动词的数取决于前面的主语。 汉译英

黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题。

Astronomers have not yet fully solved the problem of what a black hole is. 据说黑洞可以将其周围的一切物体，如星星吞食掉。

It is said that black holes are able to swallow up all the objects around them, such as stars . 对黑洞的研究刚刚开始，各种各样的假说层出不穷。

The research of black holes is just beginning and speculation about them are endless. 科学家仍不能说出黑洞内发生了什么。

Scientists still can not tell what happens inside a black hole.

It is still impossible for scientists to tell what happens inside a black hole. 如果我们认识了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。

If we understood black holes, they would not be so fearful . Black holes will not be so fearful if we get to know them. 星体的密度增大到一定程度时就会发生爆炸。

The star will explode when its density increases to some extent. 你能想象黑洞的引力有多大吗？

Can you imagine how strong the gravitational pull of a black hole is ? 假如有人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快能到达黑洞的中心。

If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 早在17世纪天文学家便对超新星有过报道。

Supernovae were reported by astronomers as early as in the seventeenth century.

他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标。 He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal.

历年考题：

1.Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space ______ which matter has fallen and ______ which nothing can escape.

A.towards … towards B.into … from C.out of … from D.through… from 答案是B.考点：定语从句中介词+which 的结构；fall into 掉进去； escape from 从… 逃离。

2.汉译英：要说出黑洞里面发生了什么是不可能的。（不定式作主语） 答案：It is impossible to say what happens inside the black hole. 3.汉译英： 只是在最近天文学家才开始对黑洞进行具体研究。（强调句型）

答案：It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 4.汉译英: 有些星辰的密度达到某一点就会爆炸。

答案：Some stars explode when their density increases to a certain point .

常考句型

1、天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一种空间区，物质可以掉进黑洞但任何物质不能逃脱。P1 Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.

2、理论上是这样的：当某些星体的密度增大到某一特定点时便发生爆炸。P2 The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point. 3、有人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星。P2

Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. 4、假定一个人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快就能到达黑洞中心。P3

If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 5、只是在近几年天文学家才开始具体研究黑洞。P3

It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.

6、另一方面，科学家们也在设想，由于有非常先进的技术，人们也许能在将来利用黑洞为人类服务。P5

On the other hand, scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.