2013年考研英语(一)、(二)真题、答案及解析[完整版]

National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM)

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making 6.[A]in

7.[A]if

8.[A]promote 9.[A]decision 10.[A]chosen 11. [A]exceptional 12. [A]inspired [B]on [C]to [D]for [B]until [C]though [D]unless [B]emphasize [C]share [D]test [B]quality [C]status [D]success [B]studied [C]found [D]identified [B]defensible [C]replaceable [D]otherwise [B]expressed [C]conducted [D]secured individual. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgment which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorized that a judges 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.

To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 . He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviews had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five .This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her

Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20. 1.[A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers 2.[A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D]external 3.[A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]moment 4.[A]For example [B]On average [C]In principle [D]Above all 5.[A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D]thoughtless

13. [A]assigned [B]rated [C]matched [D]arranged 14. [A]put [B]got [C]gave [D]took 15. [A]instead [B]then [C]ever [D]rather 16. [A]selected [B]passed [C]marked [D]introduced 17. [A]before [B]after [C]above [D]below 18. [A]jump [B]flat [C]drop [D]fluctuate 19. [A]achieve [B]undo [C]maintain [D]disregard 20. [A]promising

[B]possible [C]necessary [D]helpful Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.

This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to

see clothes as disposal— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.

The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.

Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.

Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.

Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line—Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it. 21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her ______.

[A] poor bargaining skill [B] insensitivity to fashion [C] obsession with high fashion [D] lack of imagination 22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to ______.

[A] combat unnecessary waste [B] shut out the feverish fashion world [C] resist the influence of advertisements [D] shop for their garments more frequently 23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to

[A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm. [C] indifference. [D] tolerance. 24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? [A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.

[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.

[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments. [D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing. 25. What is the subject of the text?

[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle [B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth [C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry [D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.

Text 2

An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.

In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?

In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a \"do not track \"(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.

On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.

It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.

Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before.

Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: “we believe consumers should currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population have more control.” Could it really be that simple?

26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to ______. [A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs [C] avoid complaints from consumers [D] provide better online services 27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to ______.

[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors [C] digital information analysis [D] internet browser developers 28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default ______.

[A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry [C] will not benefit consumers [D] goes against human nature 29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6? [A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose [B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT [C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers [D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads

30. The author’s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of ______. [A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciation [D] skepticism

Text 3

Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.

Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.

But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable,

decline.”

So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.

Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.

But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.

31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by ______.

[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology [C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity 32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are ______.

[A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment [C] the world’s dominant power [D] a misplaced race 33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5? [A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies. [B] Technology offers solutions to social problem. [C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise. [D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.

34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to ______.

[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources [B] adopt an optimistic view of the world [C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history 35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species

[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science, Technology and Humanity

Text 4

On a five to three vote，the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Construction, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset. The balance of power between the federal government and using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.

36. The provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they ______. [A]deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers the states.

In Arizona v United States ，the majority overturned three of the four contested provision of Arizena’s controversial plan plan to have states and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Construction principles that Washington alone has power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede states laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state polices that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.

Justice Anthory Kennedy，joined by Chief Justice John Robrts and the Court’s liberals，ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. on the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.

However，the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement .That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.

Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.

The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities ,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter .In effect, the White House claimed that it claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with. Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from [B]disturbed the power balance between different states [C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law [D]contradicted both the federal and state policies

37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4? [A]Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information [B]States’ independence from federal immigration law [C]States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement [D]Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement

38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts ______. [A]violated the Constitution [B]undermined the states’ interests [C]supported the federal statute [D]stood in favor of the states 39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement ______.

[A] Outweighs that held by the states [B] Is dependent on the states’ support [C] Is established by federal statutes [D] Rarely goes against state laws 40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.

[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration. [C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress. [D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues. Part B Directions:

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）

The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million

professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.

Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. (41)__________ Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.

[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.

[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.

and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.

(42)__________This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.

Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.

Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004, (43)__________

When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.

The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)__________ this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.

The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) __________That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.

[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem- oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.

[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 [E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.

[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.

[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate-varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.

Section III Translation

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression. One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.

Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.

Section IV Writing

Part A

51. Directions:

Write an email of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.

You should include the details you think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. Part B

52. Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) interpret its intended meaning, and 3) give your comments

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案

Section I Use of English (10 points)

1-5. ADCAB 6-10. BADDA 11-15. DCBDB 16-20. CACBC

Section II Reading Comprehension (50 points)

Part A (40 points) 21-25. BDADC 26-30. BDCAD 31-35. BADCC 36-40. CCDAD Part B (10 points) 41-45. EFBGC

Section Ⅲ Translation (10 points)

46. 然而，当人们观看那些由无家可归的人创建的花园的照片时，人们能会深深的震撼。因为这些花园不仅风格各异，在它的装饰和创造性之外，也透露出了其他其他基本的诉求。 47. 然而，一块神圣的和平之地，或许可能是粗糙的，但它都是一种人类本能的需求，和庇护所相反，那只是动物的本能需求。

48 无家可归的人的花园，事实上是无家可归的花园。 它城市环境引入了一种形式。这些城市要么没有，要么没有如此显眼的花园。 49. 我们当中大多数人都屈服于精神上的败坏，我们经常把这种精神上的败坏推卸到心理环境上，直到有一天我们发现自己处于一个花园当中，并感受到这种压迫感不可思议的消失了。

50. 正是这种隐含或外露的对自然的提及充分地证实了对花园这个单词的使用，尽管是从一种的意义上来说，描述了这些综合建设。

Section IV Writing (30 points)

Part A (10 points) Dear professor,

I am the chairman of the Students’ Union of Foreign language school in Peking University. We are to hold an English speech contest next week. I am writing to ask whether you can honor us to be a judge for the competition.

The contest will be held next Sunday, Dec, 20. 2012 in the Room 200, Teaching Building No. 3. It will begin at 6:30 and last for 3 hours. Participants will be from different majors in our university. Judges to be invited include another three professors who are very familiar to you.

We would be greatly honored if you can show your presence and provide us with your valuable comments. Please contact us at 1234567 if you can come.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

Part B (20 points) Decisions after Graduation

Recently, there has been a growing concern among the public over the topic of the choice after graduation. As is described in the picture, a group of graduates is facing various roads such as: searching for jobs, pursuing further study, going abroad and entrepreneurship. The picture intends to convey to us this message: As adults, college students have to make decisions about their future life.

After graduation, college students have to make decisions about their future life. For those who are eager to become economically independent and to put into practice what they have learned in college, taking a job or doing pioneering work will be both satisfying and rewarding. Getting established as a bread-winner after graduation is their main desire. By contrast, those who want to take advantage of the favorable conditions in college, however, will try to enroll in graduate programs inside or outside. For them, a Master's degree or even a Doctoral degree represents a much more ambitious goal than a bachelor's degree. In the same way, their lifetime success and interest lies more in academic achievements than in making money.

As far as I am concerned, it is sensible that we should take a rational attitude towards the decisive choice. For the part of my own, getting a higher degree abroad has long been my dream. This is based on my belief that I should do more research and learn more while I am still young.

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解

Section I Use of English

1. A 解析：上下文语义和词汇辨析。考查动词。根据上下文意思，首先可以排除 B 和D。这句话中 that 引导一个定语从句，主要是说这一优势赋予了一种特定的能力。 C 中transmit 为 传播，不符合上下文意思。

2. D 解析：上下文语义。which are unbiased 该定语从句做插入语修饰 judgment。这句话的意思是“通过XXX因素作出公正判决的能力”，由此可排除A 和 B。做此题时，需理解首句话，给我们提供了一个大的背景和条件。首句话说“人们不擅长利用背景信息作决定”，故可推出这并非“通过关键信息”来做出公正的判决，而是通过其它一些信息，如外部的信息，作出判决。根据上下文意思，可推出 D 正确。 3. C 解析：上下文语义和固定搭配。big picture 是一个固定搭配，指(事情的)主要部

分;重点，故选 A 。其它词语与big 搭配，均没有这层意思。

4. A 解析：逻辑衔接题。根据上下文的逻辑关系判断，在提出一个观点之后，接下来就是进行例证。选项中只有 A 表示“例如”，符合这一逻辑关系，故选 A 。 B 表示“平均”的意思; C 为“大体上，原则上”; D 为“首先”，均不符合。

5. B 解析：上下文语义和词汇辨析。这四项均可与介词of 搭配，A表示“喜欢”， B表示“害怕，恐怕”，C表示“能够，具有…能力”，D表示“轻率的，考虑不周的”。13. B 解析：上下文语义及动词词义辨析。文中句子含义为，“面试官有13个申请

者一到五级打分”A .assign 分配;指派; 将财产过户(尤指过户给债权人)B .rate 认为;估价，C.match 使比赛D .arrange 安排，根据上下文含义，应选B.

14. D 解析：固定搭配。题干This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration.空格处需填动词。因后有into consideration故选took。Take into consideration 把…考虑在内。 15. B 解析：考查逻辑关系，通过上下文应该选择一个表顺承先后顺序的词，只有Bof 后的短语作 judge 的定语，这句意为“XXX地显得对犯罪太过软弱的法官可能更倾向于给被告作出判刑的判决”。根据上下文意思，可排除A和D。而“显得对犯罪太过软弱”显然不是某种能力，故可以排除C。根据上下文意思，害怕显得过于软弱的法官，才会更倾向于作出较严厉的判决。故选B。

6. B 解析：介词搭配。soft on sb/sth 是一个固定搭配词组，表示“对某人/某事态度偏软，不够严厉”的意思，故选B。

7. A 解析：逻辑衔接题。前半句意为“一个担心自己会犯罪行为上表现的过分软弱的法官可能会判人入狱”，后半句意为“当天他已判五到六个人缓刑”两句间的逻辑关系明显为假设。A.if表假设“如果”。B.until“直到…才…”。C.though“然而”，表转折。D.unless“除非”，表让步。前半句是结果主句，后半句是个假设条件，故选C。 8. D 解析：上下文语义及动词辨析。本句是说要进行试验来验证观点。空格后的名词idea作宾语，对决定动词十分关键。动词意为“测试”。A promote“促进”。B emphasize“强调”。C share“分享”。D test“测试”。只有D和“观点”搭配，符合语境。 9. D 解析：上下文语义及名词辨析。本句话含义是讲其中一个申请者与其他申请在面试中的关系。申请者希望成功。A decisioin “选择”。B quality “质量”。C status “身份”。D success “成功”。只有D 项搭配，符合语境。 10. A 解析：后置定语。本句意为测试中随机选出的其他申请者。A chosen “选出”。B stupid “笨的”。C found “发现”。D identified “识别”。只有A 选项和申请者搭配意为选出来的申请者，符合语境。

11. D 解析：逻辑衔接题。后半句开头的but已经暗示了下文的连接词。内容上前半句意为一个申请者的面试成功和其他申请者没有关系，后半句意为西蒙森怀疑事实。明显是转折关系。A exceptional “例外的”。B defensible “可防御的”。C replaceable “可替换的”。D otherwise “相反的”。只有D项可以表转折关系，所以选D。 12. C 解析：后置定语。本句前半句说西蒙森研究了面试者的结果，后半句含义是招生办。故这里应是招生办举行面试，后半句做后置定语。A.inspire“鼓舞”。B.expressed“表达”。C.conducted“举行”。D.secured“保护”。结合上下文可知选C。 项then合适。 16. C 解析：上下文语义和逻辑关系。这句话 which 引导一个定语从句，修饰 exam，考试都有一个总分，这句话的意思是说“以800分计算的标准测试”，可以排除 A 、 B 和D。mark 表示“得分”，符合原文意思，故选 C 。 17 A 解析：上下文语义和逻辑关系。 根据词语的意思和搭配，可以排除 C 和 D 选项。这题的选择必须与后面一题联系起来进行选择，这句话说“前面候选者的分数比XXX的候选者高0.75分”，则“下一个候选者则XXX”，由此可知，“前面的候选者”肯定不能是比他后面的人分数高，排除B。 A项符合上下文逻辑关系，故选 A 。 18.B 解析：根据上下文意思，是种up和down 的趋势，17空前是up趋势，故18谓语动词应选“下降”趋势的动词，四选项中明显表下降的是B，drop相对之前high。 19.B 解析：根据上下文应该选一个“消除”影响的含义的动词，答案当中B项和A,C相反，B是“消除”即“不会产生”，符合上下文。

20.C 解析：需要找个形容词修饰points, A 项promising “有前途的，有希望的”;意思不合适，很明显B,C,D当中C项necessary符合上下文。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A Text 1

21. D 解析：文章首段包含两方面内容，作者先简单介绍Peer pressure，再引出 21. B 解析：事实细节题。根据题干，首先定位到首段。由文章第一句后半句“…scoldsher unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her。”意思是：“……批评她没有魅力的助理，因为助理认为高级时尚对她的生活影响不大”。可知criticize是对scolds的同义替换，B项中的“insensitivity to fashion”是“imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her。”的同义替换。所以B项为正确答案。A项在文中并未提及，属于无中生有。C项和D项是对文章第一句的曲解。 22. D 解析：事实细节题。根据题干，首先定位到第二段。由倒数第二句“these labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable, ……, and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks。”意思是“这些商标(畅销商标)促使有时尚意识的消费者将

服装看成是用完就可以丢弃的，……，并且每周更新他们的衣橱。”D选项 “shop for their garments more frequently”的意思是“更加频繁地购买服装”，正好是“renew their wardrobe every few weeks”的同义替换。A，B，C项均属于无中生有项。

23. A 解析：词义题。题干中需猜测词义的单词出现在第二段首句“…the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of ‘fast fashion’”。28.C 解析：推理判断题。解题关键在于“… consumers will be worse off if the industry

cannot collect information about their preferences”，即当浏览器开发者不能收集消费者网上购物倾向时，消费并不能从中受益。A、B和D项文中并未提及，属于无中生有。 29. A 解析：推理判断题。根据题干，可定位到第六段。解题关键在于理解本段行文逻辑，即“unableto tell whether…or whether, some may ignore…”。即“由于不能辨再结合选项可知，“indictment”是ElizabethCline对“快时尚”的一种态度。因此，解答此题的关键在于联系上下文语境，找到Elizabeth Cline对“快时尚”的态度。由第二段末句“By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, thesebrands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to aseasonal pace。”，意思是“Cline说，通过以特别低的价格销售潮流物品，这些品牌破坏了潮流周期，动摇了这个长久以来习惯于季节周期的产业”。由“hijack”和“shaking”可知，Cline对“快时尚”应该是持否定态度的，所以选项A“accusation (谴责)”是正确选项。 24. D 解析：推理判断题。根据题干，可定位到最后一段。解题关键在于“Vanity is a constant; peoplewill only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to”，意思是“每个人都很虚荣，这很常见。但消费者付不起太多东西的时候，他们才会以更加可持续的方式去购物。”这句的关键词是“afford”和“shopmore sustainably”，对应于D项中的“pricing”和“environmental-friendly purchasing”。A项对于本段的曲解。B项说的是“忽视环境的可持续发展”，与文中“severalfast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and theenvironment…”(一些时尚服饰公司已经做出努力减少对劳动力和环境)意思相悖。C项文中未提及。

25. C 解析：主旨大意题。考查对全文主旨大意的准确归纳。从整个文章脉络来看，文章首段用事例引入，第二段讲到文章主题“快时尚”，并指出它破坏了时尚周期，动摇了时尚产业。第三四段指出“快时尚”这种变革的弊端，如：给自然资源造成压力、使用大量有害的化学物质、浪费现象。最后两段提到针对“快时尚”的不良影响，可采取的解决办法。由此可知C统领全文，正确。A, B,D均非文章中心主题。 Text 2

26.B 解析：事实细节题。根据题干定位到首段。此段大意是广告经费的一半都浪费掉了，但通过“behavioral ads”可追踪购买者的搜索习惯和评价，使广告更有针对性，从而降低预算成本，即“this fraction can be much reduced”。 A、C和D文中未提及。 27. D 解析：词义句意题。the industry在语篇中是指代前面的出现内容，而前面出现的Microsoft Internet Explorer，Apple’s Safair 和Google’s Chrome都是D中的“Internet browser developers”。 B、C文中未提及，属于无中生有。A并非本段核心。 别有些主体是真正反对行为广告，也不能辨别它们支持微软的做法，有些人甚至忽视DNT，继续先前的做法。”可见，B符合题意。A、C和D项内容在本段中均未提及。 30. D 解析：观点态度题。根据题干，可以定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句，Brendon Lynch的博客中评论道：“我们认为消费者应该有更大的自主权(或掌控权)”。解题关键在于最后一句“Could it be really that simple?”，从中可明显看出作者的怀疑态度。A项是“理解”，B项是“赞成”，D选项是“纵容”的意思。 Text 3

31.B 解析：事实细节题。根据出题的顺序性原则，可定位到文章首段。该段共两句。首句总体交代了过去人们对未来的畅想总体是积极，正面的(were largely positive)。本题正确答案就隐含在第二句话中。第二句实际上紧接着第一句，交代了积极畅想的原因在于“科学和技术能治愈人类的一切疾病”，由此可确定本题选B。A、D错在因果倒置，“ lives of fulfillment”及“opportunity for all”都是科学、技术带来的结果，并非原因。C属于无中生有，本段没提及任何与“potential risks”相关内容，故排除。 32. A 解析：题干问的是“濒危物种名单(Red List)”意味着人类怎么样了？由“IUCN”和“Red List”可定位到第三段。首段说几十年前至今人们对未来所持的态度，第二段出现转折，表明目前人们对于未来的危机意识加重。第三段再次转折，表示第二段中人们所持态度错误，即“人类未来不会有太大的生存危机”，且在此段首句表明观点后，用各种信息去论证和支持此观点。“Red List”很显然也是用来说明这个观点，且指出人类这个物种是widely distributed，adaptable，currently increasing，说的都是人类进化积极的一面。A说：濒危物种名单意味着人类是可以持久生存的物种，正确。 33. D 解析：段落推断题。由题干可锁定答案在文章第五段。 该段首句为段落中心句，“与思考眼前的未来相比，对如此之长的时间跨度进行思考似乎更为容易”，反过来思考也就是说，眼前的未来更难思考，符合D项含义“我们眼前的未来很难去设想”。A项“Arc 帮助缩小了未来学研究的范围”，该项在文中出现在该段末句“这就是为什么我们可以发行Arc这样一个致力于研究近期未来的全新出版物”，和题目含义有很大出入，故排除。B项“技术为社会问题提供了解决方法”，段中并未提到。C选项“对科幻小说的兴趣与日俱增”，该段中虽在第二句提到科幻小说家，但并未

提及对科幻小说的兴趣，故排除。正确答案为D。

34. C 解析：段落细节题。由本题的题干可以锁定本题的答案在倒数第二自然段第二句，“As so often , the past holds the key to the future .”此题就是考查对这句话的理解，“未来是掌握过去的关键。”由此确定正确答案为B。选项A 、C、D 与题干无关，在原文中无直接体现，也不能归纳得出，故排除。

35. C 解析：全文主旨题。考查对全文主题的把握。通观全文，可发现作者对未来十分看好，尤其在文章最后一段最后一句“But we are now knowledgeable enough to 41. E 解析：可通过上下文的衔接和代词指代来确定答案。空前一句谈到“这种巨大的能源不是当今全球问题的主要影响因素，这些问题包括气候变化、安全、可持续发展和健康问题”，空后谈到“人类有必要的农业技术工具来消除饥饿”，空格处应填入的选项可连接前后的内容，既包括谈及到全球问题，又谈及到解决问题的只有E。E首句提到these issues即指代空前提及的全球问题，及E次句的climate change举例说明即是空前所列出的问题之一，且E提及解决气候变化的问题，很好启示了下文。 42. F 解析：可通过连贯性原则和代词指代来确定答案。上段末句提到“问题也带有reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. ”作者直接借助这句话重申主题。由此，本题正确答案应既包含“未来”，也应能体现出作者对未来的态度。确定C为正确答案。A错在无中生有，全文当中对于未来，并无体现出对于其的不确定；本文讲人类对于未来的看法，而不是讲人类的进化史，故B错；D过于笼统，并未体现出作者的乐观态度，因此错。 Text 4

36. C 解析：事实细节题。principles that federal laws precede state laws are non- controversial are noncontroversial。说明联邦法律高于州的法律是无可争辩的。C项they“overstepped the authority of federal immigration law。”他们(亚利桑那州的法案)逾越了联邦法案。就是对文中这句的反义改写。Overstep 为同义替换原文中的intrude, authority 同义替换了privileged powers。

37. C 解析：第四段主要说明了，州依然可以核实移民的法律地位。国会设想joint federal-state immigration enforcement联合实施移民法案。同时，encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues。国会鼓励州与联邦同事分享信息以及相互合作。其他选项的withhold，independence，intervention文中也没有提到。属于过度推断。

38. D 解析：第五段最后一句：唯一的最主要的反对来自法官Antonino Scalia, 这个法官“defense” 是支持州的权利的，“going back to”可追溯到Alien and Sedition Acts，证明这个法案是支持州的权利的。 39. A 解析：第六段The White House 认为亚利桑那州的法律跟白宫的法律实施权利冲突。In effect后面表达的是重点：如果这些州的法律跟它有冲突的话，白宫声明它有权利宣布其它州的法律无效。

40. D 解析：本段第一句话，联邦确实有一些exclusively(专门地)权利，比如控制居民以及边界。这就暗示了移民问题上，当局是具有主导权利的。 Part B 社会因素：对食物的组织和分配，财产和财富”，空格后谈到“这是种耻辱，社会应抓住机会提升它在真实世界中的影响”，且应用了社会科学家的话语来表明应采取行动，即：上段末句提到的问题，空前谈到存在问题，则接下来应解决问题，但空后谈到这是种耻辱，再纠正应该解决问题，故空格处应承上启下，表达没解决问题此含义，故F“尽管存在这些因素，很多社会科学家不愿解决此问题”正确，F中these factors指代上段末句提到的社会因素，而“很多科学家不愿解决此问题”即下文提及的this。 43. B 解析：可通过原词复现和逻辑关系来确定答案。空前一句讲到“ the number of papers including.....have increased rapidly”，紧接着B中也出现了“the number”，属于原词复现。从逻辑关系角度来看，B有明显的转折词“however”，说明其表达的含义与空前信息相反，该项提到“the numbers are still small”数量非常小，空前信息是“the number ... increased rapidly”数量增长非常迅速，两者在语意上构成了明显转折关系。 44. G 解析：本题设在段落中间，可通过段落一致性代词指代来确定答案。该段第一句提到：“The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding”，其含义是：事情的问题不是可用资金的数目。那接下来要讲的内容一定和资金有关系。空后出现了代词“this is an adequate amount”其含义是：这个资金数目是足够的。那么this指代的内容一定和adequate amount相关，而选项D的题干是“nationalspending varied from 4% to 25%”，其表述的内容正是资金的总量。因此G为正确答案。

45. C 解析：本题设空在段落中间，应瞻前顾后地依据连贯性原则确定答案。空前信息是指欧盟提议取消了之前设定的专门投资支持社会科学家的专栏项目，其目的不是为了忽略社会科学家，而是完全相反，即文中的“complete opposite”，根据语意衔接，接下来会说明欧盟这一做法的真正目的，且该目的对于社会科学家一定是积极的。C中the idea指代空前出现的“it was proposed that”，即欧盟的提案。此外，空后提到了collaborative endeavors，与C中短语integrate with构成了同义替换。空后信息中的global problems与C中的health and demographic change, food security, ...and secure societies构成上下义的关系，这也是解题的线索，故选C。

Section Ⅲ Translation

46. 解析：本句的主干为：it strikes one，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。句首是when 引导的时间状语从句。Beyond后的that指代的是上文的diversity。For all在句中是“尽管”的意思。

译文：然而，当人们观看那些由无家可归的人创建的花园的照片时，人们能会深深的震撼。因为这些花园不仅风格各异，在它的装饰和创造性之外，也透露出了其他的基本的人类需求。 47.解析：本句的主干为：A sacred place of peace...is a distinctly human need.主谓之间插入了一个however引导的让步状语从句。as opposed to shelter后为which引导的非性定语从句，修饰shelter。In effect是“事实上，本质上”的意思。

译文：尽管神圣的和平之地是原始的，但是它明显是一种人类本能的需求，和庇护所相反，那只是动物的本能需求。

48. 解析：本句的主干为：The gardens of the homeless...introduce form...where引导的是修饰environment的定语从句，在句子中作地点状语。

译文：无家可归的人的花园，事实上是无家可归的花园。 它把一种形式引入城市环境中。在这些城市环境中要么没有这些花园，要么没有如此显眼的花园。 49. 解析：本句的主干为：most of us give into a demoralization of spirit...which紧跟spirit之后引导的是定语从句。Until引导的是时间状语从句，其中as if是“好像，正如”的意思。 译文：我们当中大多数人都屈服于精神上的败坏，我们经常把这种精神上的败坏推卸到心理环境上，直到有一天我们发现自己处于一个花园当中，并感受到这种精神的败坏不可思议的消失了。 50. 解析：本句是it is...that...形式的强调句型。强调的部分是主语this implicit or explicit reference to nature。主句的谓语动词是justifies。In a...sense是“在某种意义上，从某种意义上”的意思。

译文：正是这种隐含或外露的对自热的提及充分证明了从一种“”的意义上说使用“花园”这个词来描述人工建筑是合理的。

Section IV Writing

Part A (10 points)

2013年小作文考邀请信。要求给你本校的英语外教写一封邀请信，邀请他做一个英语演讲比赛的裁判。本文格式为书信，语域为正式语域，即不能出现缩写和省略。

称呼：Dear professor, 鉴于此信是写给本校的外教教师，因此性别应该是已知的，

故Dear Sir/ Madam不合适。最好称呼写成professor，以符合收信学教师的身份。

正文注意：第一段的写作内容需涵盖两点：自我介绍，表明邀请。自我介绍要求写明白你写这封信是有原因的，表明与此事的相关性。根据本文direction要求，建议假定自己是这次英语演讲比赛的组办方比较合适。表明邀请的句子要注意礼貌，可用I am writing to ask whether you can honor us to be a judge for the competition 这一表达。

第二段的写作内容为活动安排及其他被邀请人想要知道的信息。比如，活动的时间，地点，是必不可少的。参加比赛的人员和其他裁判的情况对被邀请人来说也是有益的，可以帮助其做决定。

第三段的写作内容为表达感谢，期盼对方接受邀请，并提供给对方给予反馈的联系方式。注意语气真挚礼貌。

落款： Yours sincerely, 特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢。签名： Li Ming 特别注意 Ming 后面一定不能出现句点。 Part B (20 points)

2013年考研英语 (一)大作文考察图画作文。图形中描述的是毕业生面临的不同选择，属于意义分析型中的人生哲理类文章。

人生哲理型文章的第一段与其它类型的文章区别不大，描述图片以及点题，例如用As is revealed in the picture/ cartoon, … … 句型描写一下图片，第二句可以用句子The picture is fairly thought-provoking, which intends to convey to us this message: …点出主题。

第二段第一句揭示图片的象征寓意作为主题句，We can easily recognize the significance of … in terms of …。第二、三句可以从正反两方面论述主题On the one hand, … Take … as an example. … On the other hand … Without …, …(后果) 。

第三段总结段，总说你对图片中提到的人生哲理的观点进行概括。可选择的句型如：Considering all the points discussed above, it is advisable that we highly value … and apply it in our studies and work. … 或者：We are, therefore, supposed to take a rational attitude. …

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题 2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM) 3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role

Section I Use of English 4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse

Directions: 5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], 6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) 7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move 8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon \"revolutionize the very 3 of money itself,\" only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming? Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of \"float\" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy. 1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise 9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print 10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down 11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when 12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn 13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though 14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D] ease 15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed 16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear 17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return 18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification 19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for 20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.” Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the

information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.

In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value [A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution [B] to ensure more education for people [C] to advance economic globalization [D] to pass more bills in the 21st century 25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text? [A] New Law Takes Effect [B] Technology Goes Cheap [C] Average Is Over [D] Recession Is Bad

Text 2

A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic include settlers and sojourners. contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.

Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been a acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.

There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.

In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.

21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______.

[A] the impact of technological advances [B] the alleviation of job pressure

[C] the shrinkage of textile mills [D] the decline of middle-class incomes 22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______. [A] work on cheap software [B] ask for a moderate salary [C] adopt an average lifestyle [D] contribute something unique 23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______. [A] gains of technology have been erased

[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed [C] factories are making much less money than before [D] new jobs and services have been offered

24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage. Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.

Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.

With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.

Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.

26. “Birds of passage” refers to those who____.

[A] immigrate across the Atlantic [B] leave their home countries for good [C] stay in a foreign temporarily [D]find permanent jobs overseas 27. It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US____.

[A] needs new immigrant categories [B] has loosened control over immigrants [C] should be adopted to meet challenges [D]has been fixed via political means 28. According to the author, today’s birds of passage want _____. [A] financial incentives [B] a global recognition

[C] opportunities to get regular jobs [D]the freedom to stay and leave 29. The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated ____. [A] as faithful partners [B] with economic favors [C] with regal tolerance [D]as mighty rivals 30. Which is the most title?

[A] come and go: big mistake [B] living and thriving : great risk [C] with or without : great risk [D] legal or illegal: big mistake

Text 3

Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.

Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.

But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.

Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and

real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.

John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.

Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend. 31. The time needed in making decisions may ____. [A] vary according to the urgency of the situation [B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction [C] depend on the importance of the assessment [D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment

32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions ____. [A] can be associative [B] are not unconscious [C] can be dangerous [D] are not impulsive 33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should ____. [A] trust our first impression [B] do as people usually do [C] think before we act [D] ask for expert advice 34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on _____. [A] critical assessment [B] “thin sliced” study [C] sensible explanation [D] adequate information 35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is ______. [A] tolerant [B] uncertain [C] optimistic [D] doubtful

Text 4

Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management

decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.

The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.

Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?

“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.

I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.

After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position— no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.

If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society. 36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.

[A] women take the lead [B] men have the final say

[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed [D] senior management is family-friendly 37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.

[A] a reflection of gender balance [B] a reluctant choice [C] a response to Reding’s call [D] a voluntary action 38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.

[A] get top business positions [B] see through the glass ceiling [C] balance work and family [D] anticipate legal results 39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.

[A] skepticism [B] objectiveness [C] indifference [D] approval 40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______. [A] more social justice [B] massive media attention [C] suitable public policies [D] greater “soft pressure” Part B

Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)

[A] Live like a peasant [B] Balance your diet

[C] Shopkeepers are your friends [D] Remember to treat yourself [E] Stick to what you need [F] Planning is everything [G] Waste not, want not

The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's best restaurants'\" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. \"The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing.\" Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging-not about eating as cheaply as you can-\"there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food\" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies. 41. __________________

Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a

week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy. 42. __________________

This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, memory, I do what everybody does-try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day of the week the day of the week day before. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day-they both just pop into my mind in the same way.

Section Ⅳ Writing

not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller. 43. __________________

You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to \"go off' will be cooked or juiced. 44. __________________

Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, they'll let you have for free.

45. __________________

You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - £1.75 a week for three months gives you £21 - more than\" enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.

Section Ⅲ Translation

46. Direction:

Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)

I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week, I’ve been able to do this, since I was four.

I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad

Part A

47. Direction:

Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to

1) inform them about the details and 2) encourage them to participate.

Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead. Don’t write your address.(10 points) Part B

48. Direction:

Write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should 1) interpret the chart and 2) give your comments

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET (15points)

某高校学生兼职情况

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案

Section I Use of English (10 points)

1-5. ADBDC 6-10. BBDBA 11-15. ADCCC 16-20. CABAD

Section II Reading Comprehension (50 points)

Part A (40 points) 21-25. ADBBC 26-30. CCDCD 31-35. DACDC 36-40. BAADC Part B (10 points) 41-45. FEGCD

Section Ⅲ Translation (15 points)

46. 从过去的53年里随便找出一天，我都能够立刻想起那一天我在哪里，那一天发生了什么新闻，甚至那一天是星期几。从4岁起，我就能这么做了。

我从来没有为自己所记住的大量的事情而感到不知所措。我似乎能够应对这种状况，能够有条理地将这些信息记在脑子里。当我想起悲伤的事情时，我会像每个人一样，尽力把它放在一边，不去想它。我并不认我因为我的记忆非常清晰，这么做对我来说就很难。强大的记忆力并不能使我的情感更加敏锐和生动。我能够记得我祖父去世的那一天，以及前一天我们去医院的路上所感到的悲伤。同样，我也能记得同一天在百老汇上演的音乐剧《Hair》——这些事情都以同样的方式在我脑海里突然浮现。

Section Ⅳ Writing(25 points)

Part A(10 points)

Jan-5-2013

Dear Classmates,

I am writing to notify you of a charity sale our class will organize. The detailed arrangements are as follows.

This event will be held in the playground of our university on May 10, 2013, and it will start at 7 and end at 10 o’clock in the evening. At the opening ceremony, our Monitor will make clear that the purpose of the sale is to help children who have dropped out of school because their family cannot afford their tuition. Then is the time for donating activity.

Giving your love is a virtue, so I really appeal to all the students to take part in this event and I will be grateful if you come and give your donation.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

Part B (15 points)

The Change in College Students’ Thinking Patterns

As is illustrated by the figure in the chart, the number of college students doing part-time jobs has been on rise steadily from 66.77% to 88.24 during the four university life. From the change in the chart, it goes without saying that more and more college students choose to engage in outside programs recently.

Considering these changes, we can find several main reasons. Firstly, with grown-up of the students, most parents tend to support their children to going out to do some social practice. What is more important, the fast changing society has raised higher requirements for college graduates. The authorities of Chinese university or college have been encouraging their students to do part-time jobs in the hope that college students would broaden their view to know more about the society and become more adaptable to the future work after they graduate. Therefore, more students go out traveling or doing social practices during the vacations.

As a college student, I think the chart reflects the exciting progress on the college students’ thinking patterns from freshman to senior. We have become much mature to realize how to spend our spare time meaningfully and practically. From the changes in the charts, it is easy for us to predict that more and more college students will walk out their home and throw themselves into more various vacation activities.

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详解

Section I Use of English

1.A 解析：本题考察逻辑关系。因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：填空之后的信息为”a true cashless society is probably not around the corner .”（一个无现金社会不太可能马上出现），而文章之前的信息都是在说我们可能马上就进入一个无现金社会，两者之间出现了明显的转折关系，因此只有however符合题意。B. moreover表递进 C. therefore 表结果 D. Otherwise表对比 2. D 解析：上下文语义。根据该句的but可知，其前后句子是转折关系。后一句是说这种形式的社会并没有真正有成果出来，所以前一句应该为这样的预测已经进行了二十年。其它选项不符合题意。

3. B 解析：上下文语义及名词辨析。句意为，1975年的《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段“将很快彻底改变货币本身的____”。四个选项中，A.为力量 C“历史” D“角色”，语义不正确，且若选 role的，应是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故选B。 4. D 解析：上下文语义及动词词义辨析。根据only知道，空格处所填单词词义应与前一句的”revolutionize”（变革）发生同义替换，因此ABCD四个选项中只有D.reverse

（）符合。A. reward 奖赏 B. resist 抵抗 C. resume 重新开始，继续。

5. C 解析：上下文语义及形容词词义辨析。根据上文得知，早在1975年就预测了无现金社会可能即将到来，而作者谈到实际上“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，因此这种无现金社会只可能缓慢到来，故答案选择C。 A. silent沉寂的，B. sudden突然的，D. steady平稳的。

6. B 解析：上下文语义及介词词义辨析。填空所在段开头although表明对上一段的让步关系，上段观点为人们进入无现金时代的速度变缓慢的原因。故此段应说明尽管电子支付可能比纸币支付方式更方便更高效，然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因，只有B.work against违背、妨碍，符合题意。A.work for 为…而工作 C.work with 与…共事，对…起作用 D.work on 从事…工作，对…起作用，都不合适。 7. B 解析：上下文语义及形容词词义辨析。本填空所在句为对纸币支付“不会”消失原因的解释，即推广电子支付方式不利之处。所以该题选项先排除productive富有成效的。而imaginative，意思是“虚构的、富于想象力的”；sensitive，意思是“敏感的、易受伤害的”均不符合语义，只能选择消极含义的选项expensive。 8. D 解析：上下文语义及形容词词义辨析。空格所在句译为...使得电子货币成为____支付方式，将四选项带入，CD比较恰当，再结合本文章主旨，应选“占主导地位的，支配地位”这层意思的D。A. similar 相似的B. original原始的，独创的，都不合适。 9. B 解析：上下文语义及名词词义辨析。纸质支票支付拥有能够____收据的优势，而客户一般都不愿____。收据当然是由银行开具，所以只能选择provide。A. collect 收集收据，C. copy 复印收据，D. print打印收据都和实际生活不符合。

10. A 解析：上下文语义及固定搭配。该动词短语的宾语是前文的something, 指代上文advantage，纸质支票支付能够提供收据这一优势，肯定是消费者不愿放弃的。和优势相搭配的动词短语不能是B. take over接管，也不能是C. bring back拿回来，D.pass down传递、遗传也不符合。A. give up放弃一种优势，符合语境，为正确答案。 11. A 解析：上下文逻辑关系。本句是来解释 “float”的。空格前面意为“需要花几天”后半句意为纸支票兑现。上文提到讲纸支票的兑现不像是电子支票，是不会马上完成的，所以在纸支票在兑现前要需要时间。A before “在…之前”。B after “在…之后”。C since “自从”。D when “当…的时候”。结合上下文意思，很明显只有A符合语境。 12. D 解析：上下文语义及动词词义辨析。从“and”一词可以看出此题与此11题紧密相连，若能正确理解上一题，此处就很容易选出。意思是在纸支票兑现及钱从帐户取出之前，A kept “保持”。B borrowed “借”。C released “释放，发布”。D withdraw “取钱”。所以结合上下文可以得出只有D项符合语境。 13. C 解析：上下文逻辑关系。前句子含义是电子支票是及时的，后半句含义是用户不能享有“浮动”带来有好处。可以看出整句话是一个因为关系。A .Unless “除非”。 B.Until “直到…才”。C.Because “因为”。D .Though “然而”。根据上下文含义，应选C。 14. C 解析：上下文语义及动词词义辨析。此处是一个短句，明显缺少一个谓语动词，通过最后一个单词concerns可以看出本句的含义是电子支付方式引发安全及隐私的问题。四个选项中只有raise和concerns搭配时符合文意。所以选C。 15. C 解析：后置定语。存储信息是通常有固定的动词store。所以选C。

16. C 解析：上下文语义及动词词义辨析。上文提出电子支票的坏处，本句话意思是“因为这种事情经常发生”，所以形容意思应为普遍的，但因为本句用的双重否定表肯定，所以选填词汇意思应为不普遍的。结合选项A unsafe “不安全”。B unnatural “不自然的”。C uncommon “不是普遍的” D.unclear “不清楚的”。故只有C符合本句意。 17. A 解析：上下文语义及动词义辨析。本句话是讲电子支票的存在的风险，含义是那些不道德的人就可能通过转移帐户从而偷取别人的存款。动词应为贬义，可以排除 [B] [C] [D]选项。故选[A]。

18. B 解析：上下文语义及名词义辨析。上文提出电子支票的风险，本句话提出解决办法，但防止此类诈骗并非易事。结合选项A consideration “考虑”。B prevetion “阻止，防止”。C manipulation “操纵” D jusitification“理由，辩护”。结合语境只有B符合。 19. A 解析：动词固定搭配。根据上下文应该选一个“应对”安全问题含义的动词词组，所以可以排除C项和D项，B是“对抗，反抗”，A 是“处理应对”，故选A。

20. D 解析： 上下文语义及名词词义辨析。本句提出电子支票的另一个风险，电子支票可追踪包括大量有关个人购物习惯的信息。根据文意可以排除A 项和B项，C path “小路，道路,强调路径。D trail “痕迹，踪迹”，符合上下文，所以选D。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A Text 1

21. A 解析：考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力，解题的关键在于定位和辨别细节信息。根据题干提示信息，我们定位到文章第一段的最后两句“…a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”， 说如自动化的纺织厂，他们只需要两个员工“一个人外加一条狗。人是负责喂狗的，狗是让人不要靠近机器的。”近年来考研阅读常常用故事或是笑话引出文章所要谈论的主题。因此，我们再继续看第二段内容。第二段引出文章话题：全球化和信息科技进步是造成失业率居高不下、中产阶级收入下降的主要原因。因此选择答案A。选项B为就业压力的缓解，与本文谈论话题向左；选项C现代纺织厂

规模的缩减，望文生义；选项D中产阶级收入的减少，不是文章谈论的重点，文章重在谈论造成中产阶级收入的减少的原因。

22. D解析：考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力，解题的关键在于定位和辨别细节信息。根据题干提示信息，我们定位到文章第三段的倒数第二句“Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra — their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in Text 2

26. C 解析：词汇题。根据题干关键词定位，定位到第一段最后一句。在這句中，They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.，they 这个代词承前指代，指四分之一的意大利移民。有些人要再美国定居（permanent home），但是一些人只是在美国暂时居住,要回国（had no intention to stay）.一定要注意理解这whatever is their field of employment”，“因此，人人都需要有另外的价值：异于常人的独特价值能够让他们在各自的雇佣市场上脱颖而出。” stand out与题干中的successful同义复现，题干中问我们为了成为成功的雇员，他必须怎么做。答案D中的contribute something unique是对their unique value contribution的同义改写，因此，答案选择D。其他三个选项均与文章内容不相符合。选项A，work on cheap software继续生产廉价的软件；选项B，ask for a moderate salary索要适当的薪水；选项C，adopt an average lifestyle选择一般的生活方式。

23. B解析：考查考生对文章细节信息的定位和理解能力。此类题目的解题关键在于根据题干信息定位，本题的“Paragraph 4”，“quotation”即为定位信息。根据第四段引用的Davidson的原话，“2009年之前的十年内，美国工厂裁撤工人速度之快，基本上等于过去70年新增的工人数量；大概每三个工作岗位就有一个岗位消失了，总共约有600万之多。”可知引用这段话的主题为裁员，且速度很快，这符合B项工作机会急速消失，故此项为正确答案。AC两项文章中没有提到，D项和B项互为相反项，结合文章来看工作机会在消失而不是出现了新的工作机会，故D项错误。 24. B解析：考查考生对文章的细节信息的把握能力，关键在于定位和对文章的理解。根据题干信息提示“unemployment”，结合自然段定位法，我们不难定位到文章倒数第二段最后一句“Here are the latest unemployment rates from…”下面是美国劳工局对美国25岁以上人群的最新失业率统计：高中学历都没有的失业率为13.8%；有高中学历，但没有大学学历的为8.7%；有大学或大专学历的为7.7%；有学士甚至更高学位的只有4.1%。从这句话可知失业率主要和员工的受教育程度相关。因此如果想要减少失业率，最重要的应该是选项B“确保更多的人受到教育”。ACD项均和文章不符。 25. C解析：考核全文主旨。可根据文章中的主要内容作答，亦可根据以上题目的共同焦点作答。文章首段通过一个笑话指出现代化社会技术的进步程度，使得劳动力大大减少。其余各段进一步论证了失业率的增加，因此一个追求平庸的时代已经结束了，人们需要提高自身教育水平，才能够保证不被淘汰。末段首句话再次强调说平庸时代已经正式结束了。故C为最恰当的标题。A“新的法律要实施”仅在末段提到一句，不能涵盖文章主旨。B“科技走向廉价”不符合文意。D“经济衰退有害”与文章无关。 个倒装结构:Along with …. came those who……,那些没有要回国的是我们要强调的。通过这句能选出C项。这A项只是说一世纪前的横跨大西洋的移民们，没有说birds of passage来自于哪里。B项虽然有for good 但是与原文意思相反。原文是移民们会永远的回到意大利，而不是选项当中的离开自己的祖国。D项文中首段并未提及。 27. C 解析：推理题。题干要求在第二段。原文“We don’t need more categories”可排除A。文章“Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants.”我们目前有更加严格的对待移民以及“ We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal.”我们需要超越这种合法和不合法的严格定义。就知道目前很严格。没有B项中的“has loosened control over immigrants.”对移民的放松控制，排除。文章也没说该制度被政治方式所修复。政治确实出现在文章中，但只是说“the long political paralysis”长期的政治麻痹与原文不符，故排除。“To start …We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.”首先承认这些短暂移民的存在，然后解决移民的挑战。是C选项的同义替换。 28. D 解析：细节题。根据关键词定位，可定位到第三段。“They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them .They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.”他们喜欢随着机会的来临，来去都自如。他们可在一地工作，也可再另外的地方成家。强调机会和来去自如。D是这句的同义替换。A是对原文的片面理解。“They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas”不仅是来自金钱的刺激（financial incentives），还有有工作和各种理念。B在文中未提及。文中只是说“global economy” ，没提“global recognition”，C中的regular jobs（一般工作）在文中未提及，也是对文意的曲解。

29. C 解析：推理题。根据题干，可定位到第五段。题干问到“根据作者，这些短暂移民者应该以何种方式被对待” “Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system”意思是 “我们应该超越移民合法性方面的文化之争，重现看待中间地带，充分意识到当今的移民管理体系需要各种途径，从而取得多样化的结果，来解决现今移民体系下用法律手段很难解决的问题”暗含了C项中

tolerance也就是对“multiple paths and multiple outcomes”的改写。ABD项文中未提及。 30. D 解析：主旨大意题。文章第二段第二句中提到“We divide newcomers into two 的信息的可靠性是建立在这样的快速反应的行为是以长期的研究为基础而做出的快速反应行为。其中ground是题干中base on 的同意置换，long-term study长期的研究categories: legal or illegal” “我们把新移民分为2类：合法和不合法移民.” 同时作者认为“We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal，” “我们不需要合法和不合法移民这样严格的定义”这说明这种分类是错误的。另外，文章最后一段最后一句“Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.”“包括在现行移民体系中不容易合法的实现一些事情”也反映了文章的中心。也就是说合法和不合法的分类是错误的。故选D。 A项说短暂移民们的移动是个错误。没有体现文章主旨。B和C项都说是risk（风险）跟文章无关。 Text 3

31. D 解析：细节题。题干问的是“作决定过程中所需的时间或许可以_____”。文章第一段提到“如果我们在做出反应之前花点儿时间来思考，那么将会减少甚至消除我们快速反应所带来的负面影响”，也就是说我们做决定所花的时间决定了我们判断的准确性。此外，此选项中的“accuracy” 为“accurately ”的同词异形，故此项为正确答案。选项A表达“依形势紧急性而定”错在无中生有﹔选项B“証明大脑反映的复杂性”，也是无中生有﹔选项C “取决于评估的重要性”，也与原文不符合，故排除。 32. A 解析：细节题。题干问的是“我们对于快餐商标的反应速度表明决定是____样的”，由题干的关键词“fast-food logo”我们可定位到第三段。第三段开头说，让人做出仓促决定的刺激因素不仅限于人际关系范围内。紧接着一句说人们对快餐商标的反应速度比一般阅读速度快。下一句阐述了原因：因为人们无意识地（unconsciously）将“快餐”与“速度”和“心急”联系在一起，并将这些冲动付诸行动。A说决定是有联系性的正确，故人们将“快餐”与“速度”，“心急”联系在了一起。B说决定是无意识的，与文意相反；C说决定是危险的，原文未提及；D说决定是不冲动的，与文意相悖。 33. C 解析：细节题。先看题干说“为了逆转仓促决定所带来的影响，我们应该_____”。 根据题干定位到第四段。第四段通过两个例子说明我们应该怎样克服负面影响，第一个例子表示“如果我们会对消费产品或者房产选择做出“过度反应”，我们可以在购买之前先思考一会儿”，由此可说明我们应该在行动之前先思考来消除负面影响，因此选择答案C。其他选项均不符合题意。

34. D 解析：细节题。题干问的是“John Gottman认为可靠的快速反映是基于_____的。”由题干John Gottman 定位到全文倒数第二段。其中第一句：John Gottman, … explains that we quickly “thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in ”thick sliced”long-term study. 婚姻专家约翰.古德曼解释说，我们快速反应与D选项adequate information相互呼应。由此可判断出[D] adequate information（足够的信息）是本题正解。

35. C 解析：态度题。根据35题题干reversing the high-speed trend是全文末句，故解此题可先定位到全文末段。末段最后两句：Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.译为 “尽管技术可能改变我们反应的方式，但是它并没有改变我们的本性。我们仍然有能力去克服诱惑并扭转这种高速度的趋势。”由此我们可看出作者的态度是非常确定的，因此[C]optimistic（乐观的）是正解。 Text 4

36. B 解析：根据题干关键词European corporate workplace，定位到文章首段首句就明确指出欧洲不是一个性别平等的天堂。接着说，尤其是工作场所从来不是彻底友好的，公司的高层仍旧是清一色男性。B男性有最后的话语权，是这句的同义替换。 37. A 解析：根据题干的关键词The European Union，定位到第二段首句，intended legislation是对is now considering legislation的同义改写。该句意为“欧洲国家现在考虑立法来迫使公司董事让妇女的比例达到60%”，故立法是为了保持性别平衡。B项的reluctant是对第5段的Reding’s reluctance出的干扰项，并不是说European Union的立法。C项a response to Reding’s call不对，Reding号召voluntary action， D也是干扰项，而真正立法缘由是对gender balance的反思，故A正确，是文章中心的反映。 38. A 解析：定位至第4段，Reding说自己不喜欢quotas，后面出现了but，他真正的观点在but之后，他说他喜欢quotas所做的事情，即get action，后面的冒号是对get action的解释。核心的答案在a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions。a result是前面内容的同位语，进一步补充说明，故选A。B项see through the glass ceiling是对原文break through the glass ceiling的望文生义，属于肤浅选项，也和文意不符。C和D项属于无中生有。 39. D 解析：本题问的是作者对Reding的呼吁的态度。Reding的appeal最早出现在第二段，但是根据自然段界定原则，上一题是第四段，所以这道题只能从第五段开始。作者在第五段给出了自己的观点，先是说可以理解Reding，自己本身也不喜欢quotas，但是“既然现在meritocratic ideal（精英管理的理想）有障碍，确实需要一种强制的手段，即强制设定男女比例。”所以可以看出作者是持“赞成”的态度。 40. C 解析：题干中women entering top management become headlines是对第6段第二

句话when women do break through to the summit of the corporate power的同义改写，become headlines是对后面for example所举Sheryl Sandberg的事例的概括。答案出现在第7段开头。该段提出一种解决措施，“If appropriate pubic choices were in place to help all women, ...Sandberg would be no more newsworthy...”，此句是if虚拟条件句，是对未来的一种美好展望，也是提出观点的一种方式，意为“若有合理的公共来帮助所有女性，Sandberg也就没有报道价值了”。故选C，因缺少“suitable public policies”。 英语二翻译考察的重点不是长难句，但是，一篇考研翻译文章不可能离开长难句。从2010年到今年，每年长难句都至少会占到整篇文章的40%。就这几年考察的难点来看，主要包括从句和非谓语的考察。考生在考试时，应准确把握住从句的先行词，然后把从句的意思一层层翻译出来。 在翻译完整篇文章之后，建议将译文从头到尾读一遍，注意前后文逻辑上是否说得通。如果发现比较别扭，对照英文原文再看一遍。有了整体感之后，对单个句子的Part B

41. F 解析：本段第一句后半句出现了结论性的词so，因此是做题时需关注的重点。这句话意为“因此要提前计划好你每周的食谱”。后面第二句第三句都用作者自己的例子来论证提前计划的好处，故能判断出第一句为本段主题句。选项F planning is everything, 计划最重要，能够概括本段大意，故为正确答案。

42. E 解析：本段末句“若你安排合理，就能知道你需要的只是，如350克牛胫骨和6片培根，而非超市冷柜里里重量已定的预先包装好的东西”也就是说，提前计划好的话，可按照自己预想的分量购买自己需要的食品。故只有E 项符合本段的主题。 43. G 解析：本段第一句说“你可能会很骄傲的宣称你冰箱里剩下的只有冷冻的豌豆了，这并不很好。”最后一句话说“如果你有多余的蔬菜，可以做个蔬菜汤， 快要坏掉的水果也可以做成菜或者榨成汁”。因此本段的主旨在于虽然计划很重要，但多余的东西也并不会被浪费掉，G 项 waste not, want not 与本段的主旨一致，为正确答案。 44. C 解析：本段首句说 “对节俭的人来说，这是最好的小建议”。随后提到去小卖店买东西的时候要特别友好，这样的话很快你就可以很自在的询问他们是否有一些零零碎碎的你需要的食材，而且很可能都是免费的。故C 项符合本段主旨。

45. D 解析：本段首句说“你不经常出去吃饭， 但每隔几个月要用的钱去个好的饭店好好吃顿午餐”。因此选项D Remember to treat yourself 是本题的正确答案。 Part C Translation

46. 解析：这篇文章选自于卫报，讲述作者具有极强的记忆力，这一天赋让让他患上了一种据说全球只有4、5个人才有的病，他能记得每一天生活的每一个小细节。话题内容比较通俗好理解，从而在一定程度上降低了翻译的难度。但文中有些平时较少见的专有名词，如 mnemonics，会影响到对原文的理解，以及准确地翻译这些词。 与英语一翻译题型有所不同的是，学生需要将整篇文章翻译成中文，这就不仅考察了学士是否能弄懂每个句子，还考察了句子与句子之间的关系，整篇文章的通顺性。这要求学生能看懂词汇，弄清楚句子的结构，以及句子与句子之间的逻辑关系，然后准确地用中文表达出来。

把握会更精准一点。

译文：从过去的53年里随便找出一天，我都能够立刻想起那一天我在哪里，那一天发生了什么新闻，甚至那一天是星期几。从4岁起，我就能这么做了。

我从来没有为自己所记住的大量的事情而感到不知所措。我似乎能够应对这种状况，能够有条理地将这些信息记在脑子里。当我想起悲伤的事情时，我会像每个人一样，尽力把它放在一边，不去想它。我并不认我因为我的记忆非常清晰，这么做对我来说就很难。强大的记忆力并不能使我的情感更加敏锐和生动。我能够记得我祖父去世的那一天，以及前一天我们去医院的路上所感到的悲伤。同样，我也能记得同一天在百老汇上演的音乐剧《Hair》——这些事情都以同样的方式在我脑海里突然浮现。

Section Ⅲ Writing

Part A (10 points)

2013年考察了考研尚未考过的邀请和倡议的结合信。内容是：一场慈善义卖将会举行以帮助那些需要帮助的儿童，要求告诉学生活动细节并希望所有学生都可以参加。所以，信中必须包括以下内容：说明此次慈善义卖的详细安排；期待同学们的参加。该邀请信应结合题目要求，在写作中加入倡议学生积极参加献出爱心这一信息点。需要注意的是，本题是公务信函，文中不应使用缩写、省略句或口语表达。称呼可使用“Dear Classmates,”，首段可直接点明目的（通知一个慈善义卖将要举行），次段需要给出该义卖的详细安排；尾段须表示期待学生能够积极参加。落款是“Li Ming”。 Part B (20 points)

2013年的图表作文，考察柱状图的写作。2013年的话题，由市场和职场领域，转向了校园生活。但是触及了学生从大一到大四对思维的转变，越来越多的学生注重社会实践。 同学们写作中注意：首先是一定要有结论：例：it goes without saying that more and more college students choose to engage in outside programs recently. 然后就是注意：文章的结构和句子应该多使用备考过程中准备好的，不要求新易出错。