专八改错讲解2017年

专八改错讲解

改错文章统计分析

1. 内容: 人文类学术书籍或期刊杂志（历史政治语言教育），特别是语言类为主

2. 篇幅: 200词左右

3. 结构: 一般是总分结构

1）总:文章主题一般在首句

2）分:两条线索—对立和顺承

改错答案统计分析

1. 从错词词类上看，分布比较均匀，英语词类中均有涉及，具体来说：

每年涉及至少5种词类的修改；

动词每年有一个；

形容词副词每年有一个；

冠词代词每年有一个

2. 从修改方法上看，每年10道改错题呈6，7---1，2---1，2的分值分布，即，修改单词6-7个，增加单词1-2个，删除单词1-2个

一、考查什么？

重点在于语言的运用

1. 语法知识

冠词、介词、 代词、情态动词、形容词与副词

非谓语动词（v-ing, v-ed）

定语从句

虚拟语气

2. 词汇与搭配

各类词性 + 词汇搭配与用法；灵活运用

outer space vs. out space

perform an act vs. make an act

Posture vs. post

get to their feet vs. get on their feet

In average vs. on average

3. 篇章结构

改错旨在测试在具体语境或上下文中使用语法或词汇的能力 （esp句子之间的逻辑关系）

具体语境或上下文：一篇200字左右的短文

10个左右、意义上相关联的句子

→ 跳出单句的框架，从语段（表达一相关层次意思的句子组合）的角度来进行判断

句内错误 + 句间错误（尤其是表逻辑关系的连词）

二、常见错误类型：

1. 短语搭配错误

2. 易混词错误

3. 逻辑关系错误

4. 代词错误（一致错误）

5. 冠词错误

6. 形容词和副词使用错误

7.成分残缺或冗余

8.动词时态或语态错误

1. 短语搭配错误 （esp介词错误）

to let alone

in return to

the need of

substitute A with B

account 70%

under the grounds of/that

attitude on life

in a quick speed

with many respects

at the face of

considerations to…

become victims of …

ride in a train

resistive against

resistance of

embark sth

in line to

take pride of

shed light to sth

in proportion with

be contrasted to

modern time

ability of (doing) sth

at the first place

be successful on doing

approach to do …

on one’s 30s

differ A from B

vary by

2. 易混词错误

(1)形近异义词

imaginative – imaginary adapt – adopt

confirm – conform former – formal

diary – dairy personal – personnel

beside – besides principal – principle

conscious – conscientious stationary – stationery

considerate – considerable affect – effect

contact – contract moral – morale

industrious – industrial desert – dessert

require – acquire – inquire sensible – sensitive

transformation – transmission tense – tension

cooker – cook complexity – complex

insurance – assurance provide – provided/providing

perceive – conceive

(2)形近(形异)近义词

latter – later late – latest

farther – further effective – efficient

respectable – respectful historic – historical

rise – arise – raise – arouse

sure – insure – ensure – assure

producing – productive

lonely – alone across – cross

impressed -- impressive memorizing – memorable

normal– norm favorite – favorable

acceptability – acceptance economical – economic

(a) few – (a) little invent – discover

before – ago another – other reward– award

(3)兼有两种形式的副词

firstly – first hardly– hard late – lately

high– highly wide - widely

close– closely deep - deeply

clear(完全地、径直地) – clearly(显然、清楚地)

(4)反义词

with – without possible – impossible subjective – objective

import – export better – worse employee – employer

employment – unemployment modifiable – unmodifiable

natural – unnatural discernable – indiscernable

lend – borrow exclusive – inclusive

independency – dependency willing – unwilling

nothing more than – nothing less than

agree – disagree less – more (still more– still less)

most – least known – unknown

respective – irrespective majority – minority

result in – result from fortunately -- unfortunately

powerful – powerless easiness – uneasiness

professional – amateur aware – unaware

include – exclude

(5) 名词单复数异义

moral – morals water - waters sand - sands

manner– manners wood - woods paper - papers

saving – savings time - times mean(n.平均值) – means(方法)

注：bacterium - bacteria medium - media criterion - criteria

(6) 易混短语

live with – live by tend to – intend to

next week – the next week spend… in doing sth – spend… on sth

die of – die from rather than – other than

have sb do sth – have sth done take on– go on

take place – take the place of consist in – consist of

in all – after all in return – in turn

one reason for +短语 – one reason why +句子

bring out– bring up apply… to– apply for

3. 逻辑关系错误（连词使用错误）

therefore – nevertheless/however (大部分therefore都要改为however,反之亦然)

and – but / while or – and after – before

since – although there is no…– there is also…

that – if from now on – from then on

all – none if – unless besides – except

therefore – because so – because

so does he… – neither/nor does he…

as if – even if whether – if

That’s why +结果 – that’s because +原因

4. 代词错误（一致错误）

their – its that – those which – what

which – that (有些情况下关系代词只能用that)

it – itself (主宾相同，宾语用反身代词)

that/this – it (只有it可作形式主语)

his – one’s (泛指时用one) you – yourself

it – they this – such

XX is less sophisticated than what they are today – XX is less sophisticated than they are today

5. 冠词错误

(1)定冠词多余

on the either side –> on either side

in the Europe –> in Europe

in the winter –> in winter

Kaufman, the/an author of a recent book – Kaufman, author of a recent book(同位语间完全对等关系，不必使用冠词)

take the issue –> take issue(对…持异议，不同意)

(2)定冠词缺漏

among most –> among the most

one of first –> one of the first

atmosphere –> the atmosphere(独一无二的事物，如：the world, the Equator, the Outerspace）

between us and rest –> between us and the rest

in minority –> in the minority

play piano –> play the piano (西洋乐器的前面要有定冠词)

English language –> the English language

at heart of –> at the heart of

in long run –> in the long run

注意以下短语的区别（抽象 vs. 具体）

in church – in the church

at college – at the college

in court – in the court

in hospital – in the hospital

in office – in the office

in prison – in the prison

at sea – at the sea

in school – in the school

at table – at the table

6. 形容词与副词使用错误

be well equipped as –> be as well equipped as

heavy industrialized –> heavily-industrialized

keep the number constantly –> keep number constant

feel hopeless thwarted –> feel hopelessly thwarted

comparative high proportion –> comparatively high proportion

(quakes) start deeply in the earth –> start deep in the earth

in the passed 5 years –> in the past 5 years

culture embedded attitudes –> culturally embedded attitudes

from one meter afar –> from one meter away

increasing –> increasingly simple –> simply

7. 成分残缺或多余(单复数错误)

a world which I could get… –> a world in which I could get…

shows –> that shows (先行词在定语从句中作主语，关系代词不可省略)

take for granted that –> take it for grated that

1980 –1980s one of the most glaring form –> one of the mist glaring forms

work sth –> work out sth believe in –believe

point sth –> point out sth 20 percents –> 20 percent

eyes contact –> eye contact seven – seventh

the process which it function –> the process by which it function

communication service –> communications service (通信服务、通讯服务)

average incomes –> average income

the like of –> the likes of

be referred to XX –> be referred to as XX

be viewed as work of art –> be viewed as a work of art

8. 时态或语态错误

went – go agreeing – agreed

consisted – consisting bored – boring

favoring – favored if she was –> if she were(非真实条件句)

involves – involving will – would (虚拟语气中)

delaying – delayed (已完成概念或者被动概念)

the promise of improving quality of life –> the promise of improved quality of life

assure – assures (第三人称单数)

have – has (要看清句子真正的主语)

developing – developed

the least understanding –> the least understood

what they have told – what they have been told

if circumstances become favorable – if circumstances should become favorable

总结：

1. 步骤：

做一定数量的改错练习 → 看以上的总结以及例子 → 再做题 → 掌握改错规律，识别出更多的错误并将其改正，形成自己的做题方法

2. 语法、词汇错误 vs. 语篇错误

✓ 掌握语法词汇+ 文章理解（通读全文，再一行一行去识别错误所在，尤其隐蔽的语篇错误。

✓ 不要一上来就开始找错误，也不要边找错边读文章，不然只能找到一些词汇错误，但做完后不知所云，找不到语篇错误。