四级六级翻译中的中国元素

2014年6月5日 12:17

节日类：

1.年节

买年货：special purchases for the Spring Festival

红包：red packets / red envelope

舞狮：lion dance

舞龙：dragon dance

除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/ Eve of the Spring Festival

春晚：Spring Festival Gala

烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecrackers

守岁：staying-up

拜年：give New Year's greetings/ New Year's visit

去晦气：get rid of the ill-fortune

压岁钱：gift money/ money given to children as a lunar New Year gift

除旧岁：bid farewell to the old year

春联：(Spring Festival) couplets

年画：New Year painting

庙会：temple fair

元宵节：Lantern Festival

元宵：Tangyuan/ sweet rice dumpling

灯谜：lantern riddle

全家团圆：family reunion

2.清明

清明节：Tomb-sweeping Day/ Qingming Festival/ Ching Ming/ Chinese Memorial Day/Ancestors' Day

寒食：Cold Food Festival/ Hanshi Day/ the day before Pure Brightness when

only cold food is served

扫墓：sweep a grave/ pay respect to a dead person at his tomb/ visit ones grave

祭祀：offer sacrifices. to the gods or the spirits of the dead

纸钱：spiritual money

先人：ancestor/ forefather

踏青：have an outing in spring

青团：Qingtuan: green dumplings made of glutinous rice and barley grass

出行高峰：travel peak

3.端午

端午节：Dragon Boat Festival

粽子：zongzi, pyramid-shaped dumplings made of glutinous rice, stuffed with different fillings and wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves

雄黄酒：realgar wine

赛龙舟：dragon boat race

佩香囊：wear a sachet. They first sew little bags with colorful silk cloth, then fill the bags with perfumes or herbal medicines, and finally string them with silk thread.

系五彩线：tie five colored rings

驱五毒：drive away the five poisonous creatures/ drive away poisonous pests, includingscorpions, vipers, centipedes, house lizards andtoads.

游百病：prevent disease by having fun/ Entertainment for all is said to ward off disease.

农历五月初五：the 5th day of the 5th month of the traditional Chinese calendar

楚国：the antient state of Chu

投江自尽：drown oneself

纪念：commemorate

菖蒲：calamus

艾草：wormwood

驱邪避疫：prevent disease or evil

4.中秋及其他

中秋节：Mid-Autumn Festival

月饼：moon cake

赏月：watch and admire the moon

皎洁：(of moonlight) bright and clean

玉兔：Jade Rabbit

嫦娥：Chang’e

中元节：Ghost Festival

七夕：Magpie Festival

重阳节：Double Ninth Festival

5.节气及其他

节气：seasonal division points

立春：spring begins

惊鸷：insects awaken

雨水：the rains

春分：vernal equinox

谷雨：grain rain

立夏：summer begins

小满：lesser fullness

芒种：grain in ear

夏至：summer solstice

小暑：sight heat

大暑：great heat

立秋：autumn begins

处暑：end of heat

白露：white dew

秋分：autumn equinox

寒露：cold dews

霜降：hoar-frost falls

立冬：winter begins

小雪：light snow

大雪：heavy snow

冬至：winter solstice

小寒：slight coldness

大寒：great coldness

地支：Earthly Branch

天干：Heavenly Stem

生肖：Chinese zodiac

阴历：solar calendar

闰年：leap year

文学思想类：

儒家文化：Confucian culture

儒家学派：Confucianism

孔子：Confucius

孟子：Mencius

四书：the Four Books

五经：the Five Classics

《诗经》：The Book of Songs

《史记》：Historical Records/ Records of the Grand Historian

《西游记》：The Journey to the West

《水浒传》：Water Margin

《红楼梦》：A Dream in Red Mansions

工艺器物类：

中国古代四大发明：the four great inventions of ancient China

火药：gunpowder

造纸术：paper-making

印刷术：printing

指南针：compass

瓷器：porcelain/ china

陶器：pottery/ earthenware

漆器：lacquer

玉石：jade

唐三彩：tricolor glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty

景泰蓝：cloisonné enamel

蜡染：batik

旗袍：cheongsam

唐装：Tang Suit

中国结：Chinese knot

亭/阁：pavilion/ attic

刺绣：embroidery

虎头鞋：tiger-head-shoes

宫灯：palace lantern

木/石/竹刻：wood/ stone/ bamboo carving

木刻画：wood engraving

泥人儿：clay figure

剪纸：paper cut

皮影：shadow puppet

双面绣：two-sided embroidery

檀香扇：sandalwood fan

微雕：miniature engraving

象牙雕刻：ivory carving

书法绘画类：

甲骨文：inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty

象形文字：pictograms/ pictographic characters

偏旁：radical

繁体字：traditional Chinese characters

书法：calligraphy

楷书：regular script

麦秸画：straw patchwork

漆画：lacquer painting

中国画：Chinese painting

水墨画：Chinese brush drawing / ink and wash painting

文人画：literati painting

仕女画：traditional Chinese painting of beautiful women

吴派山水：Wu school landscape

金碧山水：gold-and—green landscape

草虫画：grasses and insects painting

泼墨山水：splashed ink landscape

气韵：spirit and charm/ tone

侧锋：brush-side technique

笔法：brush style

写意画：free sketch/ freehand brushwork

文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）：the four treasure of the study, brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone

印/玺：seal/ stamp

篆刻：seal cutting

拓碑：making rubbings from inscriptions/ pictures on stone tablets

拓片：rubbing

历史类：

春秋the Spring and Autumn Period

战国：Warring States

丝绸之路：Silk Road

鸦片战争：the Opium War

辛亥：the Revolution of 1911

：Great Leap Forward (Movement)

四人帮：Gang of Four

：Cultural Revolution

红卫兵：Red Guard

太监：eunuch

缠足：foot-binding

生活习俗类：

民俗：folkways

四合院：Siheyuan/ Quadrangle

风水：Fengshui/ Geomantic Omen

红白喜事：weddings and funerals

集体舞：group dance

小吃摊：snack bar/ snack stand

茶馆：teahouse/ teabar

铁饭碗：iron bowl

结婚证：marriage certificate

剩女：leftover woman

古装片：costume drama

武打片：Chinese swordplay movie

戏曲：traditional opera

杂耍：vaudeville

京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera

京剧脸谱：types of facial makeup in Beijing opera

生：male characters

末：middle-aged male characters

净：”painted face” characters

旦：female characters

丑：clown

秦腔：Qin Opera

相声：cross-talk/ comic dialogue

电视小品：TV sketch/ TV skit

太极拳：Tai Chi/ shadowboxing

门当户对：perfect match/ exact match

门神：door gods

对联：poetic couplet

龙图腾：the dragon totem

中医:traditional Chinese medicine

针灸：acupuncture

国家中医药管理局：State Administration of TCM Pharmacology

社会政治类：

：one country, two systerms

中国特色社会主义：Chinese-character Socialist/Socialist characteristics

with Chinese 大中型国有企业：large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises

合资企业：joint venture

物质精神文明建设：construction of material and spiritual civilization

下岗：lay off/ laid off

地理名胜类：

黄土高原：Loess Plateau

长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River

天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing

故宫博物院：The Palace Museum

御花园：imperial garden

莫高窟：Mogao Caves

西湖：West Lake

兵马俑：cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army

美食类：

馄饨：wonton

锅贴：guotie (fried jiaozi)

花卷：steamed twisted rolls

套餐：set meal

盒饭：box lunch/ Chinese take-away

米豆腐：rice tofu

魔芋豆腐：konjak tofu

米粉：rice noodles

冰糖葫芦：a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)

火锅：chafing dish/ hot pot

八宝饭：eight-treasure rice pudding

粉丝：glass noodles

豆腐脑：jellied bean curd

酱油：soy sauce

臭豆腐：stinky tofu

大闸蟹：Chinese mitten crab

春卷：spring roll

年糕：rice cake

本帮菜：local cuisine

舌尖上的中国：A Bite of China

宗教及其他：

禅宗：Zen Buddhism

道教：Taoism

神道教：Shiutoism

佛教：Buddhism

和尚：bonze

财神：the God of Wealth

土地神：Local God of the Land

龙王：Dragon King

寿：longevity

福：good fortune

和：harmony