▲ 在某些主语从句和条件状语从句中虚拟的用法
在It is important, impossible, strange, vital至关重要的, natural, essential必需的；基本的, desirable值得要的, preferable更好的, advisable可取的, appropriate适当的, surprising, sad, urgent, suggested, necessary, requested, ordered,+that…句型中，
主语从句在英国英语中用should +原形动词。在美国英语中省略should直接用原形。
在for fear that（以防……起见）引导的条件句中用法同上。 在unless, when, so(as) long as，suppose, in
case, on condition lest(以免)引导的条件状语从句中也可
用虚拟语气，用法同上。
● It is necessary that he（should）come on time to
attend the meeting.
他按时来出席会议是必要的。
● It is natural that he（should）love Merry. 他爱玛丽是很自然的事。
● He took an umbrella for fear that it (should) rain. 他带了一把伞，以防天下雨。
● As long as my wife (should) get ready, we will go. 只要我太太准备好了，我们就去。
▲ 在suggest, propose, demand, inquire, request, desire想望, 期望, insist, order, advise, agree等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句中。英国英语用should +原形动词，美国英语省略 “should”用原形动词
● He insisted that we（should）get there on time. 他坚持我们要按时到那。
● The dean proposed that the question（should）not be
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discussed at once.
系主任提议这个问题不要马上讨论。
▲ 在think, expect, believe, 是否定形式时，宾语从句可用虚拟语气：should +动词原形，should不可省。
● She said she never expected I should lend money to her. ▲ suggestion, proposal, request, advice, order,
command等表示建议、命令、要求等的名词后面的表语从句中，用should+动词原形，表示虚拟，should常常省略。
The general’s command was that the soldiers (should) leave their fort and carry out more important tasks.
▲ were (was) to 有时在虚拟条件句中用were (was)表示试探的口气。
● If you were (was) to do something like that I would not
marry you.
如果你要做那种事，我就不会嫁给你了。
▲ would have done, should have done上面两种用法也经常表示虚拟，意思是本应该做而没有做的事情。would 表示从客观上讲，而should表示从主观上讲。
● You would have taken taxi to come here. 你本应该坐出租汽车来这儿。
● If I had known she was rich, I should have married her. 如果我知道她是个富翁，我本该娶她。
▲ We ____ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study
should (would) have done 表示过去本该做，而没有做的事情。
重要提示
掌握虚拟语气，最好的办法就是记住在本该用的时态上向后退一步，既表示虚拟，现在时退过去时，将来时退过去将来时，过去时退过去完成时，过去将来时退过去将来完成时。这样，在虚拟语气上就不会再犯任何错误，即使遇上错综虚拟语气，也不会错。最后，记住几个特殊用法，虚拟语气就算基本掌握了。
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阅读与欣赏 ● If there were dreams to sell, what would you buy?
--THOMAS LOVELL BED DOES
如果世上有卖梦想的，你会买什么梦呢？
●If it were not for hopes, the Heart would break.-------THOMAS FULLER
若不是为了希望，心早就碎了。
虚拟语气典型试题
1. Peter wishes that he ________ law instead of literature when he was in college. (2000年)
A. could study B. studied C. had studied D. would study if only, wish, as if (as though) Only, It is（high）time that
Without your help, But for幸亏
解析：答案选C。wish后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气的时态应用：与现在的事实相反用过去时态；与过去的事实相反的愿望用过去完成时；与将来的愿望相反即愿望难以实现用过去将来时。
2. I t is desirable that he ________(2000年)
A. gives up trying B. give up trying
C. would give up trying D. is going to give up trying
important, impossible, strange, vital至关重要的, natural, essential必需的；基本的, desirable值得要的, preferable更好的, advisable可取的, appropriate适当的, surprising, sad, urgent suggested, necessary, requested, ordered,+that
解析：答案选B。在句型“It is desirable (suggested, necessary, requested, ordered, proposed, important)+that从句”中，从句中要使用虚拟语气。其构成是：should+动词原形，其中should可以省略。
3. Her suggestion that everybody _____ was not appreciated.
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(2001年)
A. sing a son B. sang a song C. sung a song D. singing a song 解析：答案选A。本题考察虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法。在suggestion, proposal, request, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，用(should)+动词原形，表示虚拟，should常常省略。 4. The law I am referring to requires that everyone who A B owns a car has accident insurance. (2002年) D 解析：答案选D。require等动词引导宾语从句时，要用虚拟语气，谓语动词要用“should (可以省略)+原形动词”。类似的动词还有：suggest, insist, order, demand, request, command。D改为have。
5. Had the weather been good, the children _______ out for a walk. (2001年)
A. had gone B. could have gone C. would go D. went 解析：答案选B。本句中包含一个省略了if的条件句：had the weather been good。当条件从句中含有were, had, should would等词时，可以将if省略，把这些词提到主语之前。本句为和过去的事实相反的虚拟语气，主句要用结构 “would (could)+have done”。
6. The general’s command was that the soldiers _______ their fort
and carry out more important tasks. (2002年)
A. would leave B. leave C. left D. have left 解析：答案选B。本题考察虚拟语气在表语从句的用法。在
suggestion, proposal, request, advice, order, command等表示建议、命令、要求等的名词后面的表语从句中，用should+动词原形，表示虚拟，should常常省略。
7. Something must have happened on their way here. Or they
_______ by now. (2002年)
A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. would have arrived D. would arrive
解析：答案选C。or表示否则，后面的从句要用虚拟语气。本句表示对过去发生事情的假设，所以用 “would have done”结构。
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8. It’s urgent that a meeting _______ before the final decision is made. (2003年)
A. will be arranged B. must be arranged C. be arranged D. would be arranged 解析：答案选C。在这个句型“It is necessary (vital, urgent…)+that 从句”中，从句中用should do 表示虚拟语气。should可省略。 9. But for the rain, we _______ a nice holiday. A. should have B. would have had C. would have D. will have had
解析：答案选B。but for (要不是)引出一个含蓄条件，所以句子要用虚拟语气。表示对过去发生的假设用“would have done”。
10. ______ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.
A. If he took B. If he should take C. Were he to take D. Had he taken
解析：答案选D。句意是：他要是接受他朋友的建议，他在生意上就不会损失这么大。表示对过去发生事情的假设，if引导的从句中用过去完成时，主句用would have done。 If 引导的虚拟条件句中含有助动词had, should, were时，要将if省掉，将should, have或were提到主语之前。
11. Don’t you think it is time you _______ smoking?
A. give up B. gave up C. would give up D. should give up 解析：答案选B。在“it is time+从句”结构中，从句要用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。
四、虚拟语气
1. If I had caught the last train, I _______ at home now.
A. would watch TV B. would have watched TV C. would be watching TV D. am watching TV
2. It is important that someone searching for a job _____ all the prospects.
A. consider B. be considering C. considered D. will be considering
3. They requested that a contract _______.
A. would be concluded B. be concluded C. was concluded
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D. conclude
4. Daniel appears as though he _______ the secret.
A. have known B. knew C. will know D. had known
5. The committee voted that all its members ______ a raise next year. A. given B. are going to be given C. be given D. have been given
6. Don’t come tomorrow, I’d rather _______ next weekend.
A. you will come B. you had come C. you came D. you are to come
7. If you had told me in advance, I ______ you at the airport.
A. would meet B. would have met C. met D. had met
8. We had hoped that he _______ longer.
A. stays B. should stay C. stayed D. would stay 10. It is very time we _______ what to do next.
A. consider B. should consider C. will consider D. to consider
11. It is about time he _____ himself a wife and settled down. A. finds B. find C. found D. had found 12. It is a great pity that she _______ so conceited. A. is B. was C. were D. be
13. He spoke in a quite distant voice as though his thought _______. A. was far away B. be far away C. were far away D. had been far away
14. You’re talking to me as if I ______ an expert.
A. am B. was C. have been D. were 15. It is important that the hotel receptionist _______ that guests are registered correctly.
A. has made sure B. made sure C. must made sure D. make sure
16. Sometimes I wish I _______ in a different time and a different place. A. be living B. were living C. would live D. would have lived
17. It is desired that he ______ his plan.
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A. carried out B. carries out C. has carried D. carry out
18. Mike’s uncle insists ________ in this hotel. A. staying not B. not to stay C. that he would not stay D. that he not stay
19. The committee proposed that the chairman _______.
A. promote B. was promoted C. be promoted D. were promoted
20. I must go now. David has suggested that I ________.
A. shall go B. would go C. will go D. go 21. It is strange that he ____ his own weak points. A. fails to realize B. failed to realize
C. fail to realize D. should fail to realize
22. It is necessary that we _____ our papers before Friday.
A. hands in B. should hand in C. will hand in D. hand in
23. How I wish I _______ to repair the watch! I only made it worse. A. had tried B. have tried C. didn’t tried D. hadn’t tried
24. _______ you were coming today, I’d have met you at the airport. A. if I should know B. If I have known C. Did I know D. Had I known
25. If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he ______ in good health now.
A. would have been B. would be C. is D. will be 26. Mrs. Bliss kept the door and the windows shut lest the noise outside _____ her son’s sleep.
A. would interfere with B. had interfered with C. interfered with D. should interfere with
28. If you ______ a peep hole in your door, you would have seen who was standing outside and kept the door shut.
A. had B. would have C. had had D. would have had
29. He must have been ill, or he _______ to the lecture then.
A. would come B. would have come C. came D. had
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come
30. “You are very selfish. It’s high time you _______ that you are not the most important person in the world,” Edgar said to his boss angrily.
A. realized B. have realized C. had realized D. should realize
31. ________ no gravity, there would be no air around the earth.
A. Were there B. Was there C. There were D. There be
32. It is essential that these application forms _______ back as early as possible.
A. must be sent B. will be sent C. are sent D. be sent
34. If only I _______ the mathematics exam without much hard work. A. will pass B. passed C. could pass D. can pass
35. He took his raincoat with him lest it _______.
A. may rain B. might rain C. rained D. should rain
36. The law requires that everyone _________ his car checked at least once a week.
A. has B. had C. have D. would have
37. The suggestion that the mayor _____ the prizes was accepted by everyone.
A. would present B. present C. presents D. presented
38. It is necessary that this machine tool _____ every day.
A. be oiled B. oil C. is to be oiled D. is oiled 39. But for the traffic jam, I ______ late for the meeting.
A. wouldn’t be B. shouldn’t be C. would be D. hadn’t been
40. He looks as if he _______ nothing about the news.
A. would know B. knew C. would have known D. should know
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四、虚拟语气
1. If I had caught the last train, I _______ at home now.
A. would watch TV B. would have watched TV C. would be watching TV D. am watching TV
过去时退过去完成时, 一般将来时退过去将来时, now用进行。
2. It is important that someone searching for a job _____ all the prospects. 可能性
A. consider B. be considering C. considered D. will be considering （should）do
3. They requested that a contract 合同_______. A. would be concluded B. be concluded C. was concluded D. conclude （should）be concluded
4. Daniel appears as though he _______ the secret.
A. have known B. knew C. will know D. had known
as though可用虚拟，但在很多情况下不用使用虚拟形式，现在时退过去时
5. The committee voted that all its members ______ a raise next year.
A. given B. are going to be given C. be given D. have been given
（should）be given
▲ 在vote 投票, 选票,表决, suggest, propose, demand, inquire, request, desire想望, 期望, insist, order, advise, agree等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句中。英国英语用should +原形动词，美国英语省略 “should”用原形动词
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6. Don’t come tomorrow, I’d rather宁愿_______ next weekend. A. you will come B. you had come C. you came D. you are to come d rather后从句用过去时
7. If you had told me in advance, I ______ you at the airport. A. would meet B. would have met C. met D. had met
过去时退过去完成时，过去将来时退过去将来完成时
8. We had hoped that he _______ longer. A. stays B. should stay C. stayed D. would stay
Hope可以虚拟也可不虚拟，本题主句虚拟，从句也应用虚拟。 现在完成时退过去完成时, 一般将来时退过去将来时
10. It is very time we _______ what to do next.
A. consider B. should consider C. will consider D. to consider
一般将来时退过去将来时
11. It is about time he _____ himself a wife and settled down. A. finds B. find C. found D. had found 现在时退过去时
12. It is a great pity that she _______ so conceited. A. is B. was C. were D. be （should）be
13. He spoke in a quite distant voice as though his thought _______. A. was far away B. be far away C. were far away D. had been far away
as though可用虚拟，但在很多情况下不用使用虚拟形式，现在时
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退过去时,虚拟中只用were不用was。
14. You’re talking to me as if I ______ an expert.
A. am B. was C. have been D. were 现在时退过去时,虚拟中只用were不用was。
15. It is important that the hotel receptionist _______ that guests are registered correctly.
A. has made sure B. made sure C. must made sure D. make sure （should）do
16. Sometimes I wish I _______ in a different time and a different place.
A. be living B. were living C. would live D. would have lived 一般将来时退过去将来时
17. It is desired that he ______ his plan.
A. carried out B. carries out C. has carried D. carry out （should）do
18. Mike’s uncle insists ________ in this hotel. A. staying not B. not to stay C. that he would not stay D. that he not stay （should） not stay
19. The committee proposed that the chairman _______. A. promote B. was promoted C. be promoted D. were promoted （should）be promoted
20. I must go now. David has suggested that I ________. A. shall go B. would go C. will go D. go （should）do
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21. It is strange that he ____ his own weak points. A. fails to realize B. failed to realize
C. fail to realize D. should fail to realize （should）do
22. It is necessary that we _____ our papers before Friday. A. hands in B. should hand in C. will hand in D. hand in （should）do
23. How I wish I _______ to repair the watch! I only made it worse. A. had tried B. have tried C. didn’t tried D. hadn’t tried 现在完成时退过去完成时
24. _______ you were coming today, I’d have met you at the airport. A. if I should know B. If I have known C. Did I know D. Had I known
过去时退过去完成时, 过去将来时退过去将来完成时
25. If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he ______ in good health now.
A. would have been B. would be C. is D. will be 过去时退过去完成时, 将来时退过去将来时
26. Mrs. Bliss kept the door and the windows shut lest以免 the noise outside _____ her son’s sleep.
A. would interfere with B. had interfered with
C. interfered with D. should interfere干涉with
在unless, when, so(as) long as，suppose, in case, on
condition lest(以免)引导的条件状语从句中也可用虚拟语气，用（should）do。
28. If you ______ a peep窥看 hole in your door, you would have
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seen who was standing outside and kept the door shut.
A. had B. would have C. had had D. would have had
过去时退过去完成时，过去将来时退过去将来完成时
29. He must have been ill, or he _______ to the lecture then. A. would come B. would have come C. came D. had come
must have been 是对过去的推测，站在过去谈将来，做过去将时，过去将来时退过去将来完成时
30. “You are very selfish. It’s high time you _______ that you are not the most important person in the world,” Edgar said to his boss angrily.
A. realized B. have realized C. had realized D. should realize 现在时退过去时
31. ________ no gravity, there would be no air around the earth. A. Were there B. Was there C. There were D. There be
如果虚拟条件句中有were或had done通常可将were或had放在句首，if可省略。现在时退过去时, 一般将来时退过去将来时
32. It is essential that these application forms _______ back as early as possible.
A. must be sent B. will be sent C. are sent D. be sent （should）be sent
34. If only I _______ the mathematics exam without much hard work. A. will pass B. passed C. could pass D. can pass 将来时退过去将来时
35. He took his raincoat with him lest it _______.
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A. may rain B. might rain C. rained D. should rain
在unless, when, so(as) long as，suppose, in case, on
condition lest(以免)引导的条件状语从句中也可用虚拟语气，用（should）do。
36. The law requires that everyone _________ his car checked at least once a week.
A. has B. had C. have D. would have （should）do。
37. The suggestion that the mayor _____ the prizes was accepted by everyone.
A. would present B. present C. presents D. presented （should）do。
38. It is necessary that this machine tool _____ every day.
A. be oiled B. oil C. is to be oiled D. is oiled （should）be oiled。
39. But for the traffic jam, I ______ late for the meeting.
A. wouldn’t be B. shouldn’t be C. would be D. hadn’t been
一般将来时退过去将来时
40. He looks as if he _______ nothing about the news.
A. would know B. knew C. would have known D. should know 现在时退过去时
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