高中英语阅读理解经典试题(含答案)doc

一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解

Microsoft announced this week that its facial-recognition system is now more accurate in identifying people of color, touting (吹嘘)its progress at tackling one of the technology's biggest biases (偏见).

But critics, citing Microsoft's work with Immigration and Customs Enforcement, quickly seized on how that improved technology might be used. The agency contracts with Microsoft for cloud-computing tools that the tech giant says is largely limited to office work but can also include face recognition.

Columbia University professor Alondra Nelson tweeted, \"We must stop confusing 'inclusion' in more 'diverse' surveillance (监管)systems with justice and equality.\"

Facial-recognition systems more often misidentify people of color because of a long-running data problem: The massive sets of facial images they train on skew heavily toward white men. A Massachusetts Institute of Technology study this year of the face-recognition systems designed by Microsoft, IBM and the China-based Face++ found that facial-recognition systems consistently giving the wrong gender for famous women of color including Oprah Winfrey, Serena Williams, Michelle Obama and Shirley Chisholm, the first black female member of Congress.

The companies have responded in recent months by pouring many more photos into the mix, hoping to train the systems to better tell the differences among more than just white faces. IBM said Wednesday it used 1 million facial images, taken from the photo-sharing site Flickr, to build the \"world's largest facial data-set\" which it will release publicly for other companies to use. IBM and Microsoft say that allowed its systems to recognize gender and skin tone with much more precision. Microsoft said its improved system reduced the error rates for darker-skinned men and women by \"up to 20 times,\" and reduced error rates for all women by nine times. Those improvements were heralded(宣布)by some for taking aim at the prejudices in a rapidly spreading technology, including potentially reducing the kinds of false positives that could lead police officers misidentify a criminal suspect.

But others suggested that the technology's increasing accuracy could also make it more marketable. The system should be accurate, \"but that's just the beginning, not the end, of their ethical obligation,\" said David Robinson, managing director of the think tank Upturn.

At the center of that debate is Microsoft, whose multimillion-dollar contracts with ICE came under fire amid the agency's separation of migrant parents and children at the Mexican border. In an open letter to Microsoft chief executive Satya Nadella urging the company to cancel that contract, Microsoft workers pointed to a company blog post in January that said Azure Government would help ICE \"accelerate recognition and identification.\" \"We believe that Microsoft must take an ethical stand, and put children and families above profits,\" the letter said. A Microsoft spokesman, pointing to a statement last week from Nadella, said the company's \"current cloud engagement\" with ICE supports relatively anodyne(温和的)office work such as \"mail, calendar, massaging and document management workloads.\" The company said in a statement that its facial-recognition improvements are \"part of our going work to address the

industry-wide and societal issues on bias.\"

Criticism of face recognition will probably expand as the technology finds its way into more arenas, including airports, stores and schools. The Orlando police department said this week that it would not renew its use of Amazon. com's Rekognition system.

Companies \"have to acknowledge their moral involvement in the downstream use of their technology,\"

Robinson said. \"The impulse is that they're going to put a product out there and wash their hands of the consequences. That's unacceptable.\"

（1）What is \"one of the technology's biggest biases\" in Paragraph 1? A. Class bias. B. Regional difference. C. Professional prejudice. D. Racial discrimination.

（2）What can we know about the improvement of facial-recognition technology? A. Justice and equality have been truly achieved. B. It is due to the expansion of the photo database. C. It has already solved all the social issues on biases.

D. The separation of immigrant parents from their children can be avoided. （3）What is the focus of the face-recognition debate?

A. Data problems. B. The market value. C. The application field. D. A moral issue. （4）What is David Robinson's attitude towards facial-recognition technology? A. Skeptical. B. Approval. C. Optimistic. D. Neutral. （5）We can infer from the last paragraph that Robinson thinks _____. A. companies had better hide from responsibilities B. companies deny problems with its technical process C. companies should not launch new products on impulse

D. companies should be responsible for the new product and the consequences （6）Which can be the suitable title for the passage?

A. The wide use of Microsoft system B. Fears of facial-recognition technology C. The improvement of Microsoft system D. Failure of recognizing black women 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）D （4）A （5）D （6）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，微软面部识别技术改进了肤色识别，宣布其人脸识别技术将会更加精确，但是人们却认为它会带来更大的问题，希望微软把道德置于其利润之上，并且能够为产品以及其带来的后果负责。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段”Microsoft announced this week that its facial-recognition system is now more accurate in identifying people of color, touting (吹嘘）its progress at tackling one of the technology's biggest biases (偏见).“可知微软面部识别技术改进了肤色识别，吹嘘

它可以解决该技术最大的偏见，由此可以推断该项技术在人种肤色上有偏见，也就是种族歧视。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的”The companies have responded in recent months by pouring many more photos into the mix, hoping to train the systems to better tell the differences among more than just white faces.“可知那些公司通过在原有照片中加入更多的照片，通过训练系统，从而提升系统的识别能力，即通过扩充照片数据库来提升系统的识别能力。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第九段中的”At the center of that debate is Microsoft, whose multimillion-dollar contracts with ICE came under fire amid the agency's separation of migrant parents and children at the Mexican border.“；和第十段中的”We believe that Microsoft must take an ethical stand, and put children and families above profits“可知对微软人脸识别技术的争论中心是，它会把墨西哥边缘的移民父母和孩子分开，且人们认为微软必须坚守道德底线，将儿童和家庭置于其利润之上，故推断目前对于脸部识别技术争论的焦点是道德问题。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 \"The impulse is that they're going to put a product out there and wash their hands of the consequences. That's unacceptable.\"可知Robinson认为他们推出了一种产品然后对其后果撒手不管，这是让人难以接受的。故推断Robinson对人脸识别技术是不支持的。故选A。

（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 \"The impulse is that they're going to put a product out there and wash their hands of the consequences. That's unacceptable.\"可知Robinson认为他们推出了一种产品然后对其后果撒手不管，这是让人难以接受的。故推断Robinson认为公司应该对自己的产品和产品带来的后果负责到底。故选D。

（6）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了人们怀疑改进之后的人脸识别技术会带来更多的问题，比如种族歧视和置墨西哥孩子的利益于不顾。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

A photography exhibition by French artist San Bartolome entitled Moon Door Dreamers opened in the 798 Art Zone in Beijing on December 10, 2011, presenting a cross-cultural perspective (视角) on ordinary life in the capital city.

Bartolome took these photos in August 2008, and produced a video named Two Worlds, One Dream. These works were displayed in Pingyao, an ancient city in Shanxi Province, under the title Beijing Midsummer Night Dream in September 2010.

The moon doors serve as a keyhole through which one can catch a glimpse of a slice of Beijing life. He got his inspiration from one cycling trip to the southeastern suburb of Beijing, where he discovered a peculiar street along which a gray brick wall was built to cover the shabby bungalows. These cabins were mostly rented by migrant workers- peddlers, craftsmen, grocers and innkeepers.

Born in 1950, Bartolome has worked as a photographer, stage director. Artistic manager, writer and diplomat. A noted Sinophile, Bartolome frequently visits China for photographic subjects. In the fall of 2003, he joined the French Embassy in Beijing as a cultural attache. His work experience in China from 2003 to 2015 further enhanced his awareness of and love for China. Bartolome not only loves Chinese culture but also the Chinese people. He thinks that Chinese people are kind, welcoming and diverse.

Back from his bike ride to southeastern Beijing, he decided to shoot pictures about ordinary urban lifestyles. He observed dwellers carefully and made friends with them.

After about 30 days and nights that he spent with these common migrants, he created a number of portraits. Meanwhile, he learned more about those rural migrants who earn their living in a city with which they are unfamiliar.

He adopted an optimistic perspective to shoot the sights, and he borrowed the title of one of William Shakespeare s comedy works: A Midsummer Night's Dream. （1）What is the main purpose of the exhibition? A. To present Bartolome's photographic skills. B. To tell us Bartolome's work experience in Beijing.

C. To show us Bartolome's optimistic view on ordinary life in Beijing. D. To build a cross-cultural communication bridge between China and France. （2）What inspires Bartolome to shoot pictures about ordinary urban styles? A. His bike ride to Southeastern suburb of Beijing. B. His work experience in the French Embassy in Beijing. C. His visit to the ancient city of Pingyao.

D. Shakespeare's comedy work: A Midsummer Night's Dream.

（3）What does the underlined word \"Sinaphile\" in paragraph 4 refer to?

A. A successful artist. B. A cultural attache. C. A person of status. D. A fan of China. （4）What does the text mainly talk about? A. A French artist tells Chinese stories with his camera. B. A French artist frequently visits China for photography. C. Migrant workers live a simple but happy life in Beijing. D. Moon Doors serve as a window to display China to the world. 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）D （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，法国艺术家圣巴托洛姆在北京798艺术区举办的名为\"月亮之门梦想家\"的摄影展，从跨文化角度呈现了普通城市的生活以及拍摄的原因。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的\"presenting a cross-cultural perspective (视角) on ordinary life in the capital city.\"以及最后一段中的\"He adopted an optimistic perspective to shoot the sights,\"可知，这次摄影展用一种跨文化视角来展示首都的普通生活，他以乐观的角度拍摄的。由此推断出摄影展向我们展示巴托罗姆对北京城市生活的乐观态度。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的\"He got his inspiration from one cycling trip to the southeastern suburb of Beijing, ...\" 以及第六段中的\"Back from his bike ride to southeastern Beijing, he decided to shoot pictures about ordinary urban lifestyles\"可知他（拍摄）的灵感来自一次去北京东南郊的骑行之旅，...。回到北京之后，他决定拍摄一些关于普通城市生活方式的照片。可知，是他骑自行车去北京的东南郊区激发了他拍摄普通城市的生活 。故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段划线词\"Sinaphile\"后的内容可知, 巴托罗姆为了这个摄影主题经常访问中国。2003年秋，他以文化专员的身份加入了法国驻北京大使馆。从2003年到2015年，他在中国的多年工作经历让他加深了对中国的认识和热爱。由此可知，他是一个热爱中国的人，喜欢了解中国，是一个\"中国迷\"。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文第一段叙述了法国艺术家圣巴托洛姆在北京798艺术区举办的名为\"月亮之门梦想家\"的摄影展开幕从一个跨文化视角来展示在首都的普通生活。接着叙述了为什么 拍摄中国普通城市的生活，用摄影机拍摄他在中国的经历来表现对中国的热爱。由此可知本文主要叙述了一个法国艺术家用他的相机讲述中国故事。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Water is a necessity of life. Rain, especially, helps plants grow and stay green. But too much rain, especially in cities, can lead to flooding. That can cause waste water systems to overflow and send pollutants into rivers and other waterways. To fight the problem, several cities in the United States are starting programs like rooftop gardens.

A team at the University of the District of Columbia in the nation's capital has created a garden on the top of one school building. The garden holds many kinds of plants to help absorb rainwater and grow food at the same time. Architect David Bell has designed five \"green roofs\" for the university. He says he is excited about the project because \"it meant doing something more than just dealing with storm water management. It took advantage of a resource above the city and these flat roofs that aren't doing anything really became something that was about urban agriculture.\" Rainwater is collected in large containers and sent through a system that waters the rooftop garden. The roof is filled with green life that appeals to insects.

In cities, \"you don't have that many spaces to choose from and so rooftops are just (unused) space,\" says Caitlin Arlotta. She is a student in the school's Urban Agriculture program. The project is part of a research program to see which plants do well on rooftops. The researchers are looking at plants including strawberries, tomatoes and sweet potatoes. The university also has other green spaces. \"We also have our own farm experiments,\" Arlotta said. \"Within each of those growing systems, we want to be able to tell people which sorts of these crops grow the best.\"

Sandy Farber Bandier helps run UDC's Master Gardener program. It seeks to improve cities and make them beautiful by training people to become Master Gardeners. She says she's been

surprised by the garden's output. \"My biggest surprise was that we produced 4, 250 pounds of produce the first year and was able to spread that to people in need.\" She also likes being able to show people who live in D. C. and others beyond the nation's capital what and how food can be grown on a rooftop. \"This is the future for food. You grow it here, you prepare it in a commercial kitchen, you distribute through farmers markets, food trucks, and then you recycle.\" （1）What do we know about the rooftop gardens? A. Rooftop gardens are very common in average neighborhoods. B. There are many sorts of plants there which help take in rainwater. C. They're playing an important role in the city's food supply. D. Rooftop gardens are no more than containers to collect rainwater. （2）What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A. Rooftops can offer enough space to plant crops. B. Many plants like strawberries can grow well on rooftops.

C. Some university students are participating in the Urban Agriculture program. D. The plants in rooftop gardens are attractive to many insects.

（3）How does Sandy Farber Bandier feel about the future of rooftop gardens? A. Confident. B. Doubtful. C. Worried. D. Ambiguous. （4）What is the best title for the text?

A. Rainwater Necessity for Plant Life B. Green Roofs-The Future of Urban Agriculture C. The United States' Agriculture Program D. Rooftop Gardens-Food Paradise 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。美国由于雨水过多，为了避免浪费，美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。在大学校舍的顶部建造花园，种植多种植物吸收雨水，利用城市上空的一种资源，成为了城市农业的一部分。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的\"The garden holds many kinds of plants to help absorb rainwater and grow food at the same time.\"可知，花园里有多种植物，可以帮助吸收雨水，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ She is a student in the school's Urban Agriculture program... The researchers are looking at plants including strawberries, tomatoes and sweet potatoes. The university also has other green spaces. ‘We also have our own farm experiments’。”可知，凯特琳·阿洛塔是该校都市农业计划的学生。\"研究人员正在研究包括草莓、西红柿和甘薯在内的植物。这所大学还有其他绿地。\"，\"我们也有自己的农场实验\"，由此可推断出有许多大学生正在参与这项城市农业计划。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“She also likes being able to show people who live in D. C. and others beyond the nation's capital what and how food can be grown on a rooftop. ‘This is the future for food. You grow it here, you prepare it in a commercial kitchen, you

distribute through farmers markets, food trucks, and then you recycle. ’\" Sandy Farber Bandier 喜欢向住在华盛顿特区和首都以外地区的人们展示在屋顶上可以种植什么以及如何种植食物。她认为\"这是食品的未来。你在这里种植，在商业厨房里准备，通过农贸市场分发。食品卡车，然后回收利用。\" 由此可推断出她对于屋顶花园的未来很自信。故选A。 （4）考查主旨大意。第一段说美国由于雨水过多，为了避免浪费，美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。接着下文进行了详细介绍了在大学校舍的顶部建造花园，种植多种植物吸收雨水，利用城市上空的一种资源，成为了城市农业的一部分，有人认为这是未来的食物。由此可知，本文主要叙述了绿色屋顶城市农业的未来。综观全文可知，文中green roofs（绿色屋顶）贯穿全文，第一段最后一句green roofs（绿色屋顶）是建在城市的农业（Urban Agriculture），故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解 Book: No Looking Back Author: Shivani Gupta

Shivani had thrown a party one evening and awoke the next morning in hospital because of a car crash. It took Shivani years of pain, struggle and determination to regain control of her life and her body. Then tragedy struck again. As the newly-married Shivani drove to Manali with her family, a truck crashed into her car. Shivani refused to give in-she wouldn't let her injury keep her from achieving her ambitions. Book: Courage Beyond Compare Author: Sanjay Sharma

The 10 sportspersons in the book are champions in diverse fields like athletics, swimming, and badminton, who have brought glory to the country. They overcame their physical limitations to reach the top of their chosen fields. Book: Face to Face Author: Ved Mehta

Blind since the age of four, the author led a lonely childhood in India until he was accepted to the Arkansas School for the Blind, to which he flew alone at 15. America and the school changed his life, leading him to degrees at Oxford and Harvard and a fruitful writing career. Book: This Star Won's Go Out Author: Lori and Wayne Earl

Diagnosed with cancer at 12, Esther Earl was a bright and talented, but very normal teenager. She lived a hope-filled and generous life. A cheerful, positive and encouraging daughter, sister and friend, Esther died in 2010, shortly after turning 16, but not before inspiring thousands through her growing online presence.

（1）The book No Looking Back mainly talks about________. A. an unlucky girl who experienced two car accidents B. 10 disabled athletes who are champions in sports field

C. a successful author who was blind during his childhood D. an inspiring teenager who died of cancer

（2）When reading the book written by Sanjay Sharma, we will______. A.find the author is a sports lover B.get inspired by the sportspersons' spirits C.be proud to be a sportsperson D.find sportspersons are full of power

（3）In which book does the author tell of himself? A.Face to Face B.This Star Won't Go Out C.Courage Beyond Compare D.No Looking Back 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四本书及其作者和书的简介。

（1）考查段落大意。根据 Book: No Looking Back部分中的“Shivani had thrown a party one evening and awoke the next morning in hospital because of a car crash.”和第三句“Then tragedy struck again. As the newly-married Shivani drove to Manali with her family, a truck crashed into her car.”一天晚上Shivani举行一个聚会，等她醒来时发现自己由于车祸住进了医院。然后悲剧再次发生，当新婚的Shivani开车带家人去Manali时，一辆卡车和她的车相撞，可知，这本书主要讲述了经历两次车祸的不幸女孩Shivani的故事。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据Book: Courage Beyond Compare部分中的“They overcame their physical limitations to reach the top of their chosen fields.”这些运动员克服身体局限达到他们自己所选择领域的顶峰，可知，我们会从这些运动员不屈不挠的精神中获得鼓舞。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Book: Face to Face部分中的“Blind since the age of four, the author led a lonely childhood in India until he was accepted to the Arkansas School for the Blind,”作者自从四岁时失明，在印度他度过了孤独的童年，最终考取了Arkansas盲人学校，可知，在书中作者讲述自己的故事。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Need a fall fix? Try one from these great places. ⒈Mackinac Island, Michigan

The only way to reach this famed car-free island is by boat and ferry, and once visitors arrive, they are attracted by the history, scenery and fall colors. \"It's a throwback to years past, a little town, and there's a big state park as well,\" Blackwell says. \"You're allowed to have boats all

around the island.\" ⒉Tellico Lake, Tennessee

With nearly 400 miles of shoreline, this waterway flowing out of the Great Smoky Mountains is largely unexploited, well-protected in its natural state. Fall visitors find a range of colors reflecting in the clean waters, says Blackwell, who vacationed in the area with his family as a child. \"The thick forest there just allows you to see more greenery and wildlife.\" ⒊Dillon Reservoir, Colorado

With an hour from Denver, this lake is home to what claims to be the nation's highest sailing club, at an altitude of more than 9,000 feet. Marinas in the towns of Dillon and Frisco make it easy to get out on the water and to see the bright yellows and golds of fall leaves. \"People are surprised that there's boating in Colorado, and you can see the mountains just before the snowball,\" Blackwell says. ⒋Lake Monroe, Indiana

The state's largest lake is surrounded by more than 13,000 acres of protected forest and three recreation areas, making it an ideal place to see fall colors, particularly from oaks and the tulip poplar, the state tree. \" It's a gem (宝石) in southern Indiana,\" says Blackwell, who grew up in the area. \"There are lots of different activities: canoeing, kayaking and fishing.\" （1）What is special about Mackinac Island?

A. It's like a modern city. B. Visitors can't take a boat around it. C. Visitors can see various wildlife there. D. Visitors can't go there by cars. （2）Which is suitable for someone looking for an undeveloped place for vacation? A. Mackinac Island, Michigan. B. Tellico Lake, Tennessee. C. Dillon Reservoir, Colorado. D. Lake Monroe, Indiana. （3）What do the four places have in common?

A. Blackwell once travelled there. B. They are all famous tourist destinations. C. They are surrounded by thick forests. D. Visitors can enjoy fall colors there. 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个适合秋季度假的地方。

（1）考查细节理解。根据 ⒈Mackinac Island, Michigan部分中的\"The only way to reach this famed car-free island is by boat and ferry\"可知，到这个著名的无车岛的唯一途径是乘船和渡船。即：无法通过乘汽车到达该岛。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据⒉Tellico Lake, Tennessee部分中的\"With nearly 400 miles of shoreline, this waterway flowing out of the Great Smoky Mountains is largely unexploited, well-protected in its natural state\"可知，Tellico Lake基本上未被开发，得到了很好的保护，一直处于自然状态。因此，该地适合那些想到未被开发的地方度假的人们。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据⒈Mackinac Island, Michigan部分中的\"they are attracted by the history, scenery and fall colors\"；⒉Tellico Lake, Tennessee部分中的\"Fall visitors find a range of colors reflecting in the clean waters\"，⒊Dillon Reservoir, Colorado部分中的\"and to see the bright yellows and golds of fall leaves\"和⒋Lake Monroe, Indiana部分中的\"making it an ideal

place to see fall colors\"可知，在这四个地方都可以看到\"秋天的色彩\"。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Smart Kids Festival Events

Smart Kids is a collection of one hundred events scheduled in October. This year, it is experimenting with Pay What You Decide (PWYD). That is, you can decide to pay what you want to or can afford, after you have attended an event. You can pre-book events without paying for a ticket in advance. Here are some of the director's picks. Walk on the Wild Side Not ticketed, Free

Join storyteller Sarah Law to hear science stories about animals. Along the way you'll meet all sorts of beautiful creatures and discover life cycles and food chains. Best suited to children aged 5-9. Children under 8 must be accompanied by an adult. Introduction to Waves Pre-book, PWYD

Subjects range from sound waves to gravity waves, and from waves of light to crashing waves on the ocean. Mike Goldsmith explores the fundamental features shared by all waves in the natural world. Science in the Field Not ticketed, Free

This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field trips. Come along for inspiring and informative stories straight from the scientist's mouth. Join Mark Samuels to find out more in this fun-filled workshop. Festival Dinner Pre-book, £25 per person

Whether you want to explore more about food, or just fancy a talk over a meal, join us to mark the first science festival in London. Which foods should you eat to trick your brain into thinking that you are full? Find out more from Tom Crawford. （1）In which event can you decide the payment?

A. Walk on the Wild Side B. Introduction to Waves C. Science in the Field D. Festival Dinner （2）Who will talk about experiences of collecting direct data? A.Sarah Law. B.Mike Goldsmith. C.Mark Samuels. D.Tom Crawford.

（3）What do the four events have in common? A.Family-based. B.Science-themed.

C.Picked by children. D.Filled with adventures. 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了Smart Kids收集的份举行的四项以科学会主题的活动，以及各个活动的内容和特色。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“This year, it is experimenting with Pay What You Decide (PWYD). That is, you can decide to pay what you want to or can afford”可知PWYD中你可以决定付款，而四项活动中只有Introduction to Waves有PWYD，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Science in the Field 部分中的“This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field trips.”可知Mark Samuels会分享他最喜欢的收集各种实地考察第一手数据的记忆。故选C。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Join storyteller Sarah Law to hear science stories about animals.”和讲故事的萨拉·劳一起来听关于动物的科学故事；第三段中的“Subjects range from sound waves to gravity waves, and from waves of light to crashing waves on the ocean.”实验对象范围从声波到重力波，从光波到撞击海洋的波浪；第四段中的“This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field trips.”这位科学家会分享他最喜欢的收集各种实地考察第一手数据的记忆；以及最后一段中的“ Whether you want to explore more about food, or just fancy a talk over a meal, join us to mark the first science festival in London.”无论你是想探索更多关于食物的知识，还是只是想边吃边聊，加入我们来纪念伦敦首届科学节吧。可知这四项活动的共同点都是以科学为主题的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Do you have a talented young artist, photographer, or designer in your life? It's never too early to start helping them get their work out there! We've rounded up the top art competitions for kids and teens that can help these young creators share their first masterpiece with the world. Most of them are totally free to enter! Global Canvas Children's Art Competition Ages: 16 and under Mediums: drawing, painting

Organized by the David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation, this art competition wants to inspire the next generation to be more mindful of how we take care of the earth. The judges are looking for artists to discover the wonderful places that wildlife calls home. Toyota Dream Car Art Contest

Ages: 15 and under Mediums: drawing, painting

Time to design a dream car! Toyota wants to get junior artists thinking about what the future of transportation might look like. Prizes include a chance to tour one of the Toyota car plants and

experience various aspects of Japanese culture. Advena World Children's Art Competition

Ages: 15 and under Mediums: drawing, painting, photos and other original artworks

The competition aims to promote creativity and self-expression. Instead of a theme, it asks the participating artists to simply express their feelings—anything from sadness or joy to anger or excitement—through their chosen medium. Progressive Young Artists Awards

Open to: high school and college students Mediums: drawing, painting, photograph, mixed media, sculpture

PYAA is all about expressing and celebrating progressive values. So, if there is a creative teen in your life who wants to do good in the world, sign him or her up for this art competition. The prize is a scholarship that winners can put forwards their post-secondary schooling. （1）Which of the following favors the environment?

A. Advena World Children's Art Competition. B. Global Canvas Children's Art Competition. C. Toyota Dream Car Art Contest. D. Progressive Young Artists Awards. （2）What prize can the winner get at Toyota Dream Car Art Contest?

A. A dream car. B. A scholarship. C. A tour of a factory. D. An amount of cash. （3）What is special about Advena World Children's Art Competition? A. It has no fixed theme. B. It has an entrance fee. C. The prize is a scholarship. D. Its participants are the youngest. 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了有助于孩子展示艺术才华的四大比赛。 （1）考查细节理解。根据Global Canvas Children's Art Competition部分中的“this art competition wants to inspire the next generation to be more mindful of how we take care of the earth.”可知，它的目的就是使下一代更加关注如何呵护地球环境。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Toyota Dream Car Art Contest部分中的“Prizes include a chance to tour one of the Toyota car plants and experience various aspects of Japanese culture.”可知，奖励包括游览丰田汽车工厂。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。纵观全文并进行细致比较可知Global Canvas Children's Art Competition关注的是地球环境；Toyota Dream Car Art Contest则着眼与未来的交通；Progressive Young Artists Awards围绕的是未来的价值观；唯有Advena World Children's Art Competition没有设置主题，这可以从Instead of a theme, it asks the participating artists to simply express their feelings—anything from sadness or joy to anger or excitement得知本比赛没有主题，只是让参加者表达他们的想法。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Norman Merriam Webster BES—1850 Dictionary

This handy translator provides you with 5,000,000 total translation to and from Spanish and English! This dictionary is specially designed for all levels of language ability from beginners to advanced learners.

Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator

This special model features the largest and most complete Russian-English dictionary. Advanced English speech, accent correction function and specialized terms database will help you better communicate. Business organizers will allow you to stay in touch with the world through all kinds of advanced features.

Seiko WP1500 Rogets III Thesaurus Dictionary

It is the nearest word finder. It is also great for cross word puzzles. It will show you the time, day and date of local time zone and the same for over 100 cities throughout the world by simply entering the first letter of the name of the city. The Lingo Traveler 18

It is an international translator containing over 96,000 words and 8,000 useful phrases. Equipped with a powerful databank, the Lingo Traveler 18 allows you to store all of your appointments, telephone numbers, and addresses.

（1）Which dictionary can help to improve your Spanish?

A. Seiko WP1500 Rogets III Thesaurus Dictionary B. The Lingo Traveler 18

C. Norman Merriam Webster BES—1850 Dictionary D. Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator （2）Which of the following is the most complete Russian-English dictionary? A. The Lingo Traveler 18 B. Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator

C. Seiko WP1500 Rogets III Thesaurus Dictionary D. Norman Merriam Webster BES—1850 Dictionary

（3）What sets the Lingo Traveler 18 apart from other dictionaries? A. It provides readers with 96,000 phrases and 8,000 words. B. It shows the time, day and date of local time zone over 100 cities. C. It offers advanced features for you to stay in touch with the world. D. It can store your appointments, telephone numbers and addresses. 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，推荐了一些电子词典，并介绍了每款电子词典的优点。

（1）考查推理判断。根据Norman Merriam Webster BES—1850 Dictionary部分中的“This handy translator provides you with 5,000,000 total translation to and from Spanish and English!”可知Norman Merriam Webster BES—185Dictionary提供了西班牙语和英语互译的五百万条翻译，故推测该词典可以帮助学好西班牙语。选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator部分中的“This special model features the largest and most complete Russian-English dictionary.”可知Brand V7 Dictionary /

Translator是最大和最完整的俄英词典。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据前面三部分的内容和The Lingo Traveler 18部分中的“the Lingo Traveler 18 allows you to store all of your appointments, telephone numbers, and addresses.”可知，只有Lingo Traveler有存储预约，电话号码和地址的功能。这是它与其它三种电子词典的不同之处。D. It can store your appointments, telephone numbers and addresses.“它能够储存预约，电话号码和地址”符合以上说法，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Traveling Tips

No Smoking Federal and State Government Regulations do not allow you to smoke on board express coaches within Australia. Luggage Allowance

As a fare paying customer you are entitled to take 2 pieces of personal luggage. Each must not exceed 75 cm in length, or weigh more than 20kg.

Excess luggage will be carried at the company's excess luggage rate and depending on space availability may be required to be carried on another coach. Luggage Tips 1) Keep your valuables with you. Money, jewellery, valuable documents, credit cards, keys, medications should be retained by you and not on the coach at meal or transport stops. 2) Use sturdy, lockable luggage. Do not use plastic bags as these may split during the transit. 3) Make sure you identify your luggage with a name tag.

4) Backpacks—stow all items and do not leave mugs, shoes, towels hanging off your backpack as these can get caught in other luggage and cause damage. Departure Times The time shown on your ticket is the coach departure time. If you are boarding halfway and not at a travel centre or terminal you should be at the pick up point 15 minutes ahead of this time, so you can be comfortably on board by the time the coach is due to leave. If you are boarding at a travel centre or terminal, please arrive at least 20 minutes prior to the published departure time and remember to allow extra time at peak travel times. Dress Requirements

As a courtesy, and so as not to offend fellow travelers, a reasonable standard of clothing and footwear is required.

（1）As a traveler, you can_____.

A.take the luggage 75 cm in length and 20kg in weight only B.leave valuable belongings on coach when going for meals C.identify your luggage by attaching a name tag to it D.leave the mugs and shoes hanging off the backpack

（2）Among the following traveling tips, which one is true?

A.Smoking is strictly forbidden all over the places within Australia. B.Plastic bags should be avoided in case of split during the transit. C.15 minutes ahead of the departure time should be guaranteed. D.Standards of dress requirements have been specifically listed. 【答案】 （1）C （2）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了旅行列出五个建议，并就每个建议进行了说明。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三个建议Luggage Tips中的“Make sure you identify your luggage with a name tag.”可知，确保你的行李上有姓名标签，也就是在行李上贴上姓名标签以识别你的行李，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三个建议 Luggage Tips中的“Do not use plastic bags as these may split during the transit.”可知，不要使用塑料袋，因为塑料袋可能会在运输过程中裂开，所以在运输过程中避免使用塑料袋以防裂开。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇旅游类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Researchers in Australia have discovered an effective new method to capture the atmospheric carbon dioxide that is damaging our planet and transform it into something solid, making it much easier to store.

Carbon capture isn't new, but previous methods call for the gas to be compressed into liquid and then injected underground. Widespread usage of that technology has been locked by economic and environmental concerns due to possible leaks. Instead, in a study published in Nature Communications, the group details their sustainable and cost-effective plan for transforming CO2 into coal.

This new process involves a liquid metal catalyst(催化剂)that is efficient in conducting electricity. CO2 gas is dissolved in a container with some liquid. Once electricity charge is introduced, the CO2 begins to turn into solid pieces of carbon, which can be collected and stored. What makes this particularly unique is that the entire process can occur at room temperature. Previous experiments have only shown a gas to solid conversion at extremely high temperature, which made it impossible on a large scale. Now, the researchers are hoping that their work will be used to create even further when it comes to carbon storage.

In an interesting side benefit, the solid carbon also works as an electrode(焊条), which opens up a world of possibilities. \"A side benefit of the process is that the carbon can hold electrical charge, becoming a super battery, so it could potentially be used as a part in future vehicles,\" explains Dr. Dorna Estrafilzadeh, a researcher. \"The process also produces fuel as a by-product, which could also have industrial applications.\"

（1）What can we know about the previous carbon capture methods? A. People have to inject liquid to the gas. B. The previous methods can be done easily.

C. The previous methods are not very popular. D. People have widely accepted previous methods. （2）What is the special part of the new method? A. It needs electricity to make the process efficient. B. It can be done in any kind of container. C. It doesn't need extreme temperature. D. It can produce much solid carbon.

（3）What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. The method will make fossil oil disappear. B. The method will influence the future industry.

C. The method will make developed countries more powerful. D. The method will be used to make new vehicles. （4）What is the best title for the passage? A. How to change carbon into CO2. B. A new carbon capture technology. C. A new technology to get useful carbon. D. Australia makes the world cleaner than before. 【答案】 （1）C （2）C （3）B （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新的碳捕获技术的原理，优点和对未来工业的影响。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Widespread usage of that technology has been locked by economic and environmental concerns due to possible leaks.”可知之前技术的广泛应用受到了经济和环境方面的。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“What makes this particularly unique is that the entire process can occur at room temperature.”可知新技术独特的地方是整个过程可以在室温条件下进行。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“which opens up a world of possibilities； it could potentially be used as a part in future vehicles和 which could also have industrial applications”可知这种技术的产物开辟了很多新的可能，可以被变成超级电池为未来车辆供能，过程中的副产品可以作为燃料应用到工业中，由此推测该技术会对未来的工业产生巨大影响。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Researchers in Australia have discovered an effective new method to capture the atmospheric carbon dioxide ”和下文讲述的内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种新的碳捕获方法的原理和优点及其影响。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

When he was young, Louis Armstrong was taking what was called “Creole jazz”, which was also called dance music, and combining it with trumpeter (小号手) Buddy Bolden, to create what would eventually become today's jazz.

Armstrong accomplished that with almost no formal training. He received little training before he was placed in the New Orleans Colored Waif's Home at the age of 12, after a run-in (小争执) with the police. The punishment turned out to be a mixed blessing, for he also had the opportunity to play in a real band.

While at the Waif's, Armstrong also got the chance to hear some of the city's finest musicians. Cornetist Freddie Keppard performed in a nearby club. So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.

When Oliver left for Chicago, Armstrong chose to stay in New Orleans and work with some of the other top musicians of the day. In Chicago, King Oliver offered him a place in his band in 1922. It became Armstrong's biggest challenge yet — the band had no parts written for trumpet, so he was forced to listen to King Oliver and improvise (即兴创作).

Soon, Armstrong's undeniable talent was getting notice. Even classically trained musicians would come to hear the incredible sounds this young man created.

Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.

Armstrong moved to New York City in 1924 to join Fletcher Henderson's band and then flew solo. In 1925, Armstrong put together the Hot Five, expanding his popularity even more. Armstrong recorded his first composition, Cornet Chop Suey, one of the most copied jazz solos of all time. This monumental 1928 recording blends (混合) artistry, endurance and showmanship that has rarely, if ever, been matched in Jazz.

（1）What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the second paragraph? A. To play dance music. B. To work with Buddy Bolden. C. To create modem jazz music. D. To play a jazz instrument well. （2）Who taught Louis Armstrong how to play music in the early time?

A. Buddy Bolden. B. Lil Hardin. C. Cornetist Freddie Keppard. D. King Joe Oliver. （3）Why did Louis Armstrong Leave King Oliver's band? A. Because he wanted to get married in New York. B. Because the man forced him to leave the band. C. Because he got a better opportunity in New York. D. Because his talent could not develop completely. （4）What's the main idea of the passage? A. It asks readers to know more about modern jazz. B. It introduces one of the greatest jazz musicians. C. It introduces the development of jazz.

D. It describes the importance of talent in playing jazz. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了音乐人Louis Armstrong学习音乐的过程。 （1）考查代词指代。根据第一段中的to create what would eventually become today's jazz.由此可知that指上段 “...to create what would eventually become today's jazz.”，故选C。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.”小号手兼乐队指挥King Joe Oliver也这么做了，他把小男孩放在自己的侧厅，教他如何阅读音乐，学习演奏技巧。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“ Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.”可推断出Louis Armstrong离开King Oliver乐队的原因是因为他的才能不能得到完全发展，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。全文介绍Armstrong如何成为伟大的爵士音乐家，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

Nhon Ly, a 55-year-old Vietnamese-born professional bodybuilder from California has been awarded the \"real-life Master Roshi\" for his unbelievable similarity to the popular Dragon Ball Z anime(日本动漫) character.

Ly certainly doesn't look like any other typical 55-year-old man. In fact, he looks a lot better than most guys in their 20s, with his lean(瘦且健康的), strong muscles and youthful attitude. But he's absolutely not the only 50-something man who has the strong muscle in the world. What really sets Nhon Ly apart from all the rest is his unbelievable similarity to Dragon Ball Z character Master Roshi, also known as the Turtle Hermit, in his \"final form\". And he apparently liked the comparison so much that he even set his Instagram handle as @master_ roshi_ real_ life. According to Madness Media, Ly immigrated to the United States in 1980, at the age of 16. He got a job as a pedicurist(修脚师) at a nail salon, and worked his way up to salon owner. Although he has achieved so much, bodybuilding has always been his biggest love. He has competed in several professional bodybuilding events, with his most notable results being the 4th place at the 2011 US Championship, the 7th place at the 2012 edition, and the 5th place at the 2015 Nationals.

Even at 55, Nhon Ly continues to train hard in the gym in order to keep his Master Roshi look. He also likes to share photos and videos with his 40,000 fans, many of whom are Dragon Ball Z fans. They routinely post a large quantity of comments, thanking him for training Goku, who is

the main character in Dragon Ball media, and asking him to train them in the art of bodybuilding. （1）Why is Nhon Ly called \"real-life Master Roshi\"? A. He looks extremely similar to Master Roshi. B. He is quite good at training people like Goku. C. He has the same life stories as Master Roshi. D. He holds a special attitude to Dragon Ball Z.

（2）How does Nhon Ly feel about his \"new name\"?

A. He finds it typical yet silly. B. He thinks it can be popular. C. He is fond of it very much. D. He considers it embarrassing. （3）Which of the following words can best describe Nhon Ly? A. Confident and wealthy. B. Creative and ambitious. C. Athletic and hardworking. D. Healthy and generous. （4）What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Success Comes From Continuous Efforts and Dreams B. Great Achievements of an Old but Still Positive Athlete C. Unbelievable Life Experiences of an Anime Character D. A 55-year-old Man Is Known for Looking Like Master Roshi 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）C （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，55岁的职业健美运动员尼汉·莱因其与流行的《龙珠Z》中的动画人物龟仙人看起来相像而被授予“现实生活版的龟仙人”的称号。他看起来比20多岁的小伙子还要年轻健美，这源于他多年坚持不断的健身。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段”Nhon Ly, a 55-year-old Vietnamese-born professional bodybuilder from California has been awarded the “real-life Master Roshi\" for his unbelievable similarity to the popular Dragon Ball Z anime( 日本动漫) character.“55岁的Nhon Ly是一名出生于越南的职业健美运动员，来自加利福尼亚。他被授予“现实生活中的Roshi大师”称号，因为他和流行的龙珠Z动画人物有着令人难以置信的相似之处。可知，尼汉·莱被授予“现实生活版的龟仙人”的称号是因为他与《龙珠Z》中的动画人物龟仙人极其相像。故选A。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“And he apparently liked the comparison so much that he even set his Instagram handle as CcOmaster_ roshi_ real_ life.”他显然非常喜欢这种比较，甚至把自己的Instagram账号设为“roshi_ real_ life”。可推断，尼汉·莱非常喜欢他的“新名字”。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“In fact. he looks a lot better than most guys in their 20s. with his lean，strong muscles and youthful attitude.”事实上。他看起来比大多数20多岁的年轻人好得多，肌肉结实，有年轻的态度。；第三段中的“He got a job as a pedicurist(修脚师) at a nail salon, and worked his way up to salon owner.”他在一家美甲沙龙找到了一份修脚师的工作，并一步步成为美甲沙龙的老板；以及第四段“Even at 55, Nhon I_v continues to train hard in the gym in order to keep his Master Roshi look.“即使在55岁的时候，Nhon I_v仍然在

健身房刻苦训练，以保持他的Roshi大师的形象。可推断，尼汉·莱体格健壮且勤奋。故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了55岁的职业健美运动员尼汉·莱因其与流行的《龙珠Z》中的动面人物龟仙人看起来相像而被授予“现实生活版的龟仙人”的称号。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

Our plan was to drive into Cambridge, catch the 7:34 train to Liverpool Street Station, then to separate and meet again for lunch. We should have arrived at Liverpool at 9:19, but due to a typical London fog, the train had to move along so slowly that it was not until 10:30 that it got there. In spite of our late arrival, Joan, my wife's sister, decided that she would go to see the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London while we went shopping. It was only after her sister had disappeared into the fog that my wife realized that we hadn't decided where we should meet for lunch. Since I had our three tickets for the concert in my pocket, this was indeed a problem. There seemed to be nothing we could do except taking a taxi to the Tower of London, and try to find her there. Needless to say, we didn't find her.

It was now one o'clock, and the concert began at 2:30. \"Perhaps she will think of waiting outside the concert hall,\" suggested my wife hopefully. By this time the fog was so thick that road traffic had to stop, and the only way to get there was by underground railway. Hand in hand we felt our way along the road to where we thought the nearest station should be. An hour later we were still trying to find it. Just as I was about to lose my temper completely when we met a blind man tapping his way confidently through the fog. With his help we found Tower Hill tube station just fifty yards down the road.

By now it was far too late even to try to get to the concert hall before the performance began at 2:30, so we decided to return to Cambridge. It took seven long hours instead of the usual two to make that journey. Nor were we able to get any food and drink on the train. Tired and hungry we finally reached home at ten, opening the door to the sound of the telephone bell. It was Joan; she had seen the Crown Jewels, had managed to get another ticket for concert, and had had a wonderful dinner at a restaurant near the hotel where she decided to stay for the night. Now she was ringing to discover whether we had had an equally successful day. （1）Why was Joan separated from her sister and her brother-in-law? A. they could not see each other because of the fog. B. Joan had not seen Crown Jewels.

C. They planned to do different things until lunch time. D. The writer didn't want to go to the concert.

（2）What did the writer plan to do in the afternoon? A. Go to the concert. B. See the Crown Jewels. C. Return to Cambridge. D. Go shopping.

（3）The reason why they didn't all meet for lunch was that _______. A. They lost their way in the fog

B. they forgot to make necessary arrangement

C. they waited at different places and didn't meet each other D. the couple couldn't find the underground station

（4）It's quite clear that for Joan the trip to London had been ________.

A. spilt by the fog B. quite tiring C. rather disappointing D. very enjoyable 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一伙人到伦敦游玩的故事。由于安排不当，导致当天的活动很是混乱。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Our plan was to drive into Cambridge, catch the 7:34 train to Liverpool Street Station, then to separate and meet again for lunch”可知，他们分开的原因在于他们决定各自做自己的事情，然后中午午餐时相聚。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Since I had our three tickets for the concert in my pocket, this was indeed a problem”，可知作者计划去听音乐会。故选A。

（3）细节理解。根据第一段中的“It was only after her sister had disappeared into the fog that my wife realized that we hadn't decided where we should meet for lunch. ”可知此前他们并没有做好安排。故导致午饭时没能聚到一起。故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“It was Joan; she had seen the Crown Jewels, had managed to get another ticket for concert, and had had a wonderful dinner at a restaurant near the hotel where she decided to stay for the night”可知Joan玩得很尽兴。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

14．（2019•浙江）阅读理解

Money with no strings attached. It's not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, \"Give What You Can, Take What You Need.\"

People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took, \"said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. \"We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.\" Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip（片段）shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.

\"What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,\" Bridges said. \"There's a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most.\" Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took

as much as they could.

While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.

\"After all, everyone has bad days and good days,\" he said. \"Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”

（1）What does the expression \"money with no strings attached\" in paragraph 1 mean?

A. Money spent without hesitation. B. Money not legally made. C. Money offered without conditions. D. Money not tied together. （2）What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?

A. Women tended to be more sociable. B. The activity attracted various people. C. Economic problems were getting worse. D. Young couples needed financial assistance. （3）Why did Bridges carry out the project?

A. To do a test on people's morals. B. To raise money for his company. C. To earn himself a good reputation. D. To promote kindness and sympathy. 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）D

【解析】【分析】这是一则新闻报道，讲述在洛杉矶的联合车站，竖起了一块木板，上面钉着一些美钞和一个牌子，上面写着“留下你能给予的，拿走你所需要的。”虽然有很多人拿走了钱，但是还是有人把钱钉在木板上。

（1）词义猜测题。根据下文第二段开头 while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the btoard 可知这个板子的目的是为人们提供爱心交换，需要的从上面拿钱，有富余的可以在上面留钱。这些钱是没有附加条件的。故答案为C。

（2）推理判断题。题干中的bride是 Tyler Bridges 举的一个例子，为了证明前一句 People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took，即这个活动吸引了各种年龄、种族和经济背景的人。故答案为B。 （3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中

Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy可知他发起这个活动的目的是让人们展示慷慨和同情。故答案为D。

【点评】这是一篇新闻报道，文章的第一段第三句话就是本文的主题句，阅读时要要弄清新闻的主旨，弄清细节，根据问题中的关键词找到相关语句并能分析理解相关的句子，从而得到需要的答案。

15．阅读理解

\"When someone is rude to you, it can put you in a bad mood. It may even lead you to be rude

to someone else, creating a chain of rudeness. In fact, this troubling chain may even be caused by simply seeing someone be rude to another person. You don't even have to be the target of the had behavior,\" stated a researcher.

The researchers worked with 81 persons, with occupations ranging from security to business to medicine, who were asked to complete online surveys over a 10-day period. Participants recorded their moods when they woke up; and in the evening, they described their experiences over the course of that day.

Each morning the participants also viewed a short video, describing workplace interaction of some kind. Half of the mornings, the video included some kind of rudeness while the other half had some kind of warm interaction in the workplace. Rudeness was conveyed through various means, including a lack of eye contact or unpleasant language.

Participants who watched the rudeness videos reported seeing or experiencing rudeness during the day, and they were also more likely to escape from fellow employees to avoid being the victims of rudeness themselves. They reported their overall work suffered that day as a result. Not all participants were affected by the rudeness videos, however. A few weeks before the study began, the participants completed an evaluation that measured their self-confidence and emotional stability among other things. The participants who scored higher on this evaluation were significantly less likely to be influenced by the rudeness.

Consequently, one of the researchers recommended that companies hire managers who can limit exposure to rudeness, provide plenty of positive reinforcement (强化) and build a civil workplace environment. This, in turn, could help employees build their confidence levels and help them better handle workplace rudeness. （1）What is Paragraph 1 intended to show?

A. The popularity of rudeness. B. A regular cause of rudeness.

C. A new finding about rudeness. D. The common disadvantage of rudeness. （2）Why are the short videos played for the participants? A. To make them spread rudeness. B. To educate them on workplace interaction. C. To expose them to various aspects of rudeness. D. To teach them how to use right body languages.

（3）What is the probable effect of watching the videos on some participants? A. Being unwilling to work. B. Poor ability to do their work. C. Serious emotional sufferings. D. Less interaction with others. （4）Who may not be affected by the rudeness videos? A.People positive and kind to themselves. B.People keeping calm in stressful situations. C.People owning confidence in others' ability. D.People participating in the rudeness experiment. 【答案】 （1）C （2）C （3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，关于“无礼”行为作为一种“传染性”行为是可以避免的。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“You don't even have to be the target of the bad behavior”你甚至不必成为不良行为的目标，可知，第一段前半部分在描述了这种无礼行为的“传染性”之后，是在引出一项关于这种行为的新发现。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Each morning the participants also viewed a short video, describing workplace interaction of some kind.”每天早上，参与者还观看了一段描述某种工作场所互动的短视频；第四段中的“Participants who watched the rudeness videos reported seeing or experiencing rudeness during the day…”观看了无礼视频的参与者报告称，他们在白天看到或经历了无礼行为…… 和第五段中的“Not all participants were affected by the rudeness videos, however.”然而，并不是所有的参与者都受到了粗鲁视频的影响。可知，让参与者观看视频是为了让他们受到更多的影响而研究他们的情绪变化。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Participants who watched the rudeness videos reported seeing or experiencing rudeness during the day, and they were also more likely to escape from fellow employees to avoid being the victims of rudeness themselves. They reported their overall work suffered that day as a result.”观看了无礼视频的参与者报告称，他们在白天看到或经历了无礼行为，而且他们也更有可能逃离同事，以免自己成为无礼行为的受害者。他们报告说，他们的整体工作因此受到影响。可知，一些参与者在观看视频之后会逃避与人交流以免成为受影响者。故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“A few weeks before the study began, the participants completed an evaluation that measured their self-confidence and emotional stability among other things. The participants who scored higher on this evaluation were significantly less likely to be influenced by the rudeness.”在研究开始前几周，参与者完成了一项评估，评估内容包括他们的自信心和情绪稳定性等。在这项评估中得分较高的参与者受粗鲁行为影响的可能性明显较低。可知，不易受到影响的人较为冷静沉着。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

16．阅读理解

I was in the seventh grade, and we had moved to New Jersey in November. By then, everyone already had had their own friends, and no one wanted to talk to a new girl. To make things worse, they put me in \"Section L\". I found out later that everyone called Section L \"Loserville\". It was sort of an open secret that it was the section for troublemakers and not-so-smart kids. When I found out, I wanted to scream. I had always been a good student and had amazing friends, and now everyone thought I was a loser!

I did text my friends in Illinois almost every night, especially my best friend, Ana. At first my friends wanted to hear all about it. But then some stopped texting back once I said something about how miserable I was. One night when I was texting with Ana, I complained about another friend who had just done that.

Ana's texts came really fast for the next few minutes and they surprised me. She said that she was tired of hearing about how bad everything was in New Jersey, too. She said she did not want to hurt my feelings but that I needed to stop feeling so sorry for myself all the time, I had to try to make things better.

The next day, I thought a lot about what Ana had said. She was right!

I wish I could say that everything changed overnight after that, but it didn't. I was still stuck in \"Loserville\way.

But what did change was me—I stopped feeling so sorry for myself and did something about making friends. I signed up to make sets for the school play. I met a lot of new people there, and suddenly I had friends to say hi to in the halls!

I still miss Illinois sometimes, but life in New Jersey isn't so hard anymore. Even though I couldn't change my situation, I could change my attitude—and that made all the difference. （1）\"Loserville\" is a section for ________.

A. failures B. good students C. class secrets D. newcomers （2）The writer complained all the time in the new environment because ________. A. Ana didn't text back to her B. her friends hurt her feelings C. she was unfairly treated D. she was a good student （3）What made a difference in changing the situation?

A. She went back to Illinois. B. She ended friendship with Ana. C. She fought back with her classmates. D. She began to make friends with others. （4）The best title for the passage can be ________. A. Lasting Friendship B. An Incidence at School C. Say Goodbye to \"Loserville\" D. Unhappiness in \"Loserville\" 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）D （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在上七年级的时候，搬到了新泽西。在那里的学校，作者被放到了代表“失败者”的“Loserville”区，受到了不公平地对待，作者尽自己最大的努力，想要告别 “Loserville”。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“It was sort of an open secret that it was the section for troublemakers and not-so-smart kids.”这是一个公开的秘密，这是一个者和不太聪明的孩子的区域；以及“I had always been a good student and had amazing friends, and now everyone thought I was a loser!”一直是个好学生，有很棒的朋友，现在每个人都认为我是个失败者!由此推断出“Loserville”是一个失败者待着的地方，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“But then some stopped texting back once I said something about how miserable I was.”但当我说我有多痛苦时，有些人就不再回我的短信了。可知作者在新环境中一直抱怨，因为她受到不公平的待遇，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“But what did change was me—I stopped feeling

so sorry for myself and did something about making friends.”但真正改变我的是我自己——我不再为自己感到难过，而是做了一些关于交朋友的事情。可知她开始和别人交朋友，改变了情况，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了作者在上七年级的时候，搬到了新泽西。在那里的学校，作者被放到了代表“失败者”的“Loserville”区，受到了不公平地对待，作者尽自己最大的努力，想要告别 “Loserville”。所以这篇文章最好的题目是《和“Loserville”说再见》，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。