分句、合句法：很多情况下，翻译句子的时候，需要调整原来的句子结构，分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法。所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子。所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。 I.分句法 division切分 （—）副词的分译
Jerry quickly ordered everyone to put on life jackets, and tried unsuccessfully to put out the fire. 杰里立即叫大家穿上救生衣，并且奋力灭火，但却无济于事。 （二）形容词的分译
Buckley was in a clear minority. 巴克利属于少数派，这是明摆着的事实。 （三）动词的分译
The maximum demand for electricity today is expected to double within a decade. 可以预料，目前对电的最大需要量在十年内可望增加一倍。 （四）短语的分译
To be scientific, we must test the formulas and the conclusions by experiments.（不定式短语） 要使之具有科学性，我们必须用实验来验证这些公式和结论。 （五）非人称主语句的分译
The good tidings filled the whole nation with joy. 捷报传来，举国欢腾。 Poor acoustics spoilt the performance. 音响效果不好，演出大为逊色。 (六) 长句的分译
There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.(拆开定语从句) 我访问过一些地方，遇到不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可多着呢。
It was sufficient that there was tenderness in her eyes, weakness in her manner, good nature and hope in her thoughts. (拆开名词从句)只要她眼睛里含情脉脉，举止里透漏着娇柔，思想里洋溢着善良和希望，这就够了。
After singing a concert in this city, he said he wanted to greet his admires backstage as he always does.(拆开状语从句) 他在那个城市演唱了一场音乐会。 音乐会结束了以后，他提出要像往常那样到后台去见见他的崇拜者。 Exercise:
1. The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside.合－分 彩虹有多种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。
2. It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.合－分 这种局势对国际安全是一种威胁，这种说法是完全正确的。
3. Tobacco addicts remain hopelessly blind to signs that say “ No smoking”.合－分 烟瘾大的人对于“禁止吸烟”的牌子仍是视而不见，真是无可救药。
4. Shanghai, once the paradise for adventurers, is now the largest industrial base in China.合－分 上海过去被称作是冒险家的乐园，现在是中国最大的工业基地。 5. “You are talking delightful nonsense,” said Lifu.合－分 李福说：“你虽然信口胡言，倒也满有趣味。”
6. Franklin Roosevelt listened with bright-eyed smiling attention.合－分 富兰克林·罗斯福总统眼睛闪光，面带微笑，聚精会神地听。 7. He crashed down on a protesting chair.合－分
他猛地坐在一把椅子上，椅子被压得吱吱作响，好像是提出抗议一般。
8.And a growing minority of western intellectuals agreed.（不能按照原来的语法结构译） 越来越多的西方知识分子当时接受这种看法，虽然从数量上说，他们仍是少数。
9. My father was not wrong in judging me too young to manage business of importance.（简单句－两句） 我父亲认定我太年轻，办不了大事。他算是没说错。 二、合句法combination合并 这样处理比较符合汉语语言的洗练简洁的特点，从而避免译文的拖泥带水和罗嗦的缺点。 1.单句的合译
What a pleasant surprise! I shall be delighted to meet you on Friday,16th February at the International Hotel. 没想到将能于2月16日（星期五）在国际大酒店与您见面，我感到十分高兴。 2.主从复合句的合译
The liquid water is heated so that it becomes steam. 液态水受热而变成蒸汽。 3. 并列句的合译
In 1844, Engels met Marx, and they became friends. 1844年恩克思与马克思相遇并成为朋友。 Exercise:
1. In case the air moves, there will be a breeze.分－合 空气的缓慢流动会产生微风。
2. Surprisingly enough, none of them showed any sign of fear in face of death.合 令人惊讶的是他们这些人面对死亡毫无惧色。
3. He is always hungry. He is always poor, out of luck, and friendless.分－合 他总是饥肠辘辘，总是那么可怜，也没有朋友。
4. By now you know that getting your money’s worth is not just a matter of luck. It is more often the result of buying skill.合 到现在大家才知道，钱要花得值并非仅仅靠运气，通常更需要购物技巧。
5. He was shocked. Never before had anyone come alone, on foot, to his father’s cabin.合 他大吃一惊，因为过去从来没有人独自步行去他父亲的小屋。 6. The story took place on a bright, cold, and windy day. 故事发生的那天天气晴朗，寒风凛冽。
7.His eyes were cold. There was no light in them, no feeling, no interest. 他双眼冷酷无光，淡漠无情。
8.She was not ugly; she had simply a plain, dull, gentle face. 她长相不丑，面貌平平，迟钝中有几分温柔。
9. I shall come down by the train which arrives at Beijing Station at 2:35 P.M.. 我乘火车到达北京站的时间是下午２点３５分。
10. He was incapable of fear; he met personal dangers with the calmest unconcern. 他无所畏惧，泰然自若，把个人危险置之度外。
11. He shook his head. He looked at a blank wall. The girl’s face was there, really quite beautiful in memory: astonishing, in fact.他摇摇头，注目粉墙，他仿佛看见那姑娘的肖像；真奇怪，印在他头脑里的肖像的确很美。 1）吃饭 have a meal 7）吃豆腐 flirt with a woman 2）吃香 be very popular 8）吃耳光 get a slap in the face 3）吃不开 be unpopular 9）吃官司 get into trouble with the law 4）吃不消 be unable to stand 10）吃惊 be startled 5）吃醋 be jealous 11）吃苦 bear hardship 6）吃馆子 dine out 12）吃亏 suffer losses 14) 饭桶 good- for-nothing 17 )吃闲饭 lead an idle life 15) 吃不住 be unable to bear or support 18) 吃不了兜着走 land oneself in serious trouble 16) 吃老本 live off one's past gains 他砸了我的饭碗He has taken the bread out of my mouth．
Trade Marks
1. 音法译 （transliteration） A）按汉语拼音
“茅台” “MAOTAI”“东风”“DONG FENG”“上菱” “SHANG LING” “中意” “ZHONG YI” B） 按谐音“乐凯” “LUCK”“四通” “STON “KODAK” 柯达 2．意译法 (free translation) “皇朝” “DYNASTY”“永久” “FOREVER”“飞鸽” “FLYING PIGIEN” “半球” “HALF GLOBE” 3．专有名词英译法 (proper names )
“ROLEX ” 劳力士 “BENZ” 奔驰 “FORD” 福特 “李宁” LINING 上海 SHANG HAI 长城 CHANG CHENG 4．数字与文字组合法 (numbers )
7 UP 七喜 “五星” “FIVE STARS” “5 STARS ” “999” “THREE NINES”， “3 NINES”， “NINE，NINE，NINE” “999” homework: the first 3 paragraph of passage 25
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