Apple Inc briefly edged past Exxon Mobile Corp to become the most valuable US company Tuesday,
displacing an old economy stalwart and haralding an era where technology holds sway, Reuters reported.
Although Apple slipped back to the No 2 spot after the close, market watchers said it is simply a matter of time
before the company that defined the smartphone and tablet markets with the iPhone and iPad ascends to the top.
The potential changing of the guard, which is largely symbolic, reflects the influence and power of certain industries
over the US economy at different points in time.
参考译文：
据路透社报道，苹果公司市值在9日盘中短暂超过埃克美孚石油公司，成为美国市值最高的公司。
虽然收盘被埃克美孚反超，但苹果的这次“登顶”无疑意味着旧的经济模式将发生改变，科技支配
一切的时代即将来临。市场观察家称，以iPhone和iPad为主打产品的苹果公司，成为市值最高公司
只不过是实践的问题。“市值第一”头衔易主具有很强的象征意义反映出特定行业在不同时期对美国经济的影响力。
2
中国是美国最大的债权国，此次美国主权信用评级的下调，给中国外汇储备管理带来一定压力。
清华大学经济管理学院教授宋逢明称：“降级可能带来投资者对美债的抛售行为，不排除美元贬值的可能，
这可能会让中国外汇储备遭遇一定的损失。”
分析人士认为，美国长期主权信用评级的下调，会带来美元走势的继续疲软，可能会给我国出口形式带来
一定影响，同时增加我国的输入性通胀压力。
Key Words:
主权信用评级：Sovereign Credit Rating 抛售：Sell Off
外汇储备：Foreign Exchange Reserve
参考译文：
China, the largest foreign holder of American debt, faces increased pressure on its foreign reserve management. The dowgrading may cause investors to seel off US debt and consequently the depreciation of US dollars. If this happens, China will suffer losses on its foreign exchange reserve, said Song Fengming, professor at School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua
Universty.
Analysts said the downgrading of the US long-term sovereign credit rating may leak to a weaker US dollar, which may briing a negative impact onto China's export market as well as imported inflation.
3
奢侈品牌皮尔卡丹日前发布了一款名为Pierre Cardin PC-7006的平板电脑。
这是该公司首次推出平板电脑产品，这款PC-7006还配有精致的皮尔卡丹皮套， 日前仅在英国有售，售价为275英镑。一位平板电脑专家评点道：“皮尔卡丹
的确是十分流行的时尚品牌，但这款PC-7006平板电脑几乎在每一个指标上都缺斤少两。”
Key Words： 平板电脑：tablet 指标：department
Luxury brand Pierre Cardin has released a tablet called Pierre Cardin PC-7006,
It's the first tablet offering from the company and the designer tablet comes with a leather cover. The tablet is only available in the UK as yet, and is going for ￡275,
A tablet expert said:\"It is true that Pierre Cardin is a very popular designer brand but the PC-7006 lacks in almost every department.\"
4
The Federal Reserve on Tuesday took the unprecedented step of pomissing to keep interest rates near zero for at least 2 more years, adding it was considering further action, sparking a rebound in stocks, Reuters reported.
据路透社报道，美联储史无前例的承诺将至少维持近乎为零的利率到2013年中， 并考虑采取进一步行动，这一举动将刺激股票市场反弹。
5
温家宝总理10日主持召开国务院常务会议，决定开展高速铁路及其在建项目的安全大检查， 并适当降低新建高速铁路运营初期的速度，对拟建铁路项目重新组织安全评估，暂停审批新的铁路项目。
The State Council Wednesday ordered safety checks on high-speed railways and slower running speeds.
The decision was made at an executive meeting of the State Council, which was presided over by Premier Wen Jiabao.
The safety checks cover high-speed railways that are both in operation and under construction. The statement also ordered newly-built high-speed trains to run at slower speeds during the initial stages. The government will reevaluate the system safety on rail projects that have received government approval but have not yet commenced construction, requiring a halt of approval of new railway projects
选自2011白皮书《2010年中国的国防》
原文：
世界保持总体和平稳定的基本态势。国际社会携手应对国际金融危机初显成效，各国抓紧调整发展战略和模式，全力打造新的经济增长点，科技创新孕育新的突破，经济全球化有新的发展。
参考译文：
On the whole, the world remains peaceful and stable. The international community has reaped the first fruits in joint efforts to respond to the global financial crisis. All countries have stepped up to adjust their strategies and models for economic development, and no effort has been spared in attempting to foster new economic growth points. Scientific and technological innovations are breeding new breakthroughs. And economic globalization has achieved further progress.
2011白皮书-国防
原文：
当前，国际形势正在发生新的深刻复杂变化。经济全球化、世界多极化、社会信息化进程不可逆转，和平、发展、合作的时代潮流不可阻挡，但国际战略竞争和矛盾也在发展，全球性挑战更加突出，安全威胁的综合性、复杂性、多变性日益明显。 参考译文：
The international situation is currently undergoing profound and complex changes. The progress toward economic globalization and a multi-polar world is irreversible, as is the advance toward informationization of society. The current trend toward peace, development and cooperation is irresistible. But, international strategic competition and contradictions are intensifying, global challenges are becoming more prominent, and security threats are becoming increasingly integrated, complex and volatile.
011.9.1翻译“每日一练”：共同分享发展机遇(2011白皮书-国防) 2011白皮书-国防
原文：
21世纪的头十年，国际社会在开放与合作中发展，在危机与变革中前行。共同分享发展机遇，共同应对各种挑战，已成为各国的广泛共识。同舟共济、互利共赢，是实现人类共同发展繁荣的必由之路。
参考译文：
In the first decade of the 21st century, the international community forged ahead in a new phase of opening up and cooperation, and at the same time faced crises and changes. Sharing opportunities for development and dealing with challenges with joint efforts have become the consensus of all countries in the world. Pulling together in the time of trouble, seeking mutual benefit and engaging in win-win cooperation are the only ways for humankind to achieve common development and prosperity.
2011.8.31翻译“每日一练”：坚持独立自主的和平外交政策(选自2011政府工作报告)
原文：
我们将继续高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持走和平发展道路，坚持奉行互利共赢的开放战略，坚持推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界，为我国现代化建设创造更加有利的外部环境和条件。
参考译文：
We will continue to hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation; adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace and the path of peaceful development; pursue an open strategy of mutual benefit; promote the building of a harmonious world with lasting peace and common prosperity; and create a more favorable external environment and more beneficial external conditions for China's modernization.
2011.8.30翻译“每日一练”：国际发展援助总规模逐渐扩大(选自2011白皮书-对外援助) 选自2011白皮书-对外援助
原文：
当前，国际发展援助总规模逐渐扩大，南南合作发展迅速，并成为南北合作有益、有效的补充。中国愿在南南合作的框架下，在尊重受援国意愿的基础上，与有关方开展优势互补、富有成效的三边和区域合作，共同推动全球减贫进程。
参考译文：
At present, the scope of international aid for development is being gradually expanded. South-South cooperation is developing rapidly, becoming an effective and beneficial supplement to South-North cooperation. Under the framework of South-South cooperation, China will work with all parties concerned to conduct complementary and fruitful trilateral and regional cooperation on the basis of respecting the needs of recipient countries and jointly promote the process of global poverty alleviation.
2011.8.29翻译“每日一练”：我们要准确把握世界发展大势(选自2011共产党成立90周年讲话)
选自2011锦涛共产党成立90周年大会讲话
原文：
我们要准确把握世界发展大势，准确把握社会主义初级阶段基本国情，深入研究我国发展的阶段性特征，及时总结党领导人民创造的新鲜经验，重点抓住经济社会发展重大问题，作出新的理论概括，永葆科学理论的旺盛生命力。 参考译文：
We should have a correct understanding of the global development trend and China's basic condition of being in the primary stage of socialism, find out more about the features of China's development at the current stage, review the new experience gained in a timely manner by the people led by the Party, and create new theories with the focus on major issues concerning economic and social development, so as to ensure the vitality of scientific theories.
2011.8.28翻译“每日一练”：中国将继续抓住国家发展的重要战略机遇期(2011白皮书-国防) 原文：
面向21世纪的第二个十年，中国将继续抓住国家发展的重要战略机遇期，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，坚持走和平发展道路，奉行独立自主的和平外交政策和防御性国防政策，统筹经济建设和国防建设，在全面建设小康社会进程中实现富国和强军的统一。 参考译文：
Looking into the second decade of the 21st century, China will continue to take advantage of this important period of strategic opportunities for national development, apply the Scientific Outlook on Development in depth, persevere on the path of peaceful development, pursue an independent foreign policy of peace and a national defense policy that is defensive in nature, map out both economic development and national defense in a unified manner and, in the process of building a society that is moderately affluent on a general basis, realize the unified goal of building a prosperous country and a strong military.
词汇：
深入贯彻落实„„apply sth. in depth
防御性国防政策defense policy that is defensive in nature 统筹map out
全面建设„„build sth. on a general basis
“抓住国家发展的重要战略机遇期”
对于“抓住”，可能会有人直译为grasp，这里可以理解为“抓住/利用„„的优势”
“在全面建设小康社会进程中实现富国和强军的统一”
在全面建设小康社会进程中实现（建立）富国和强军的统一（目标），增译goal,building。
8---27 原文：
中国已经站在新的历史起点上，中国的前途命运与世界的前途命运更加密不可分。面对共同的机遇和挑战，中国坚持互信、互利、平等、协作的新安全观，把中国人民的根本利益与世界人民的共同利益联系起来，把中国的发展与世界的发展联系起来，把中国的安全与世界的和平联系起来，努力以自身的和平发展推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。
参考译文：
China has now stood at a new historical point, and its future and destiny has never been more closely connected with those of the international community. In the face of shared opportunities and common challenges, China maintains its commitment to the new security concepts of mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination. By connecting the fundamental interests of the Chinese people with the common interests of other peoples around the globe, connecting China's development with that of the world, and connecting China's security with world peace, China strives to build, through its peaceful development, a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity.
词汇：
历史起点historical point 前途命运future and destiny
坚持maintains its commitment to 根本利益fundamental interests
断句：
面对共同的机遇和挑战，中国坚持互信、互利、平等、协作的新安全观，||把中国人民的根本利益与世界人民的共同利益联系起来，把中国的发展与世界的发展联系起来，把中国的安全与世界的和平联系起来，努力以自身的和平发展推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。
“把中国人民的根本利益与世界人民的共同利益联系起来，把中国的发展与世界的发展联系起来，把中国的安全与世界的和平联系起来” 三个“把……联系起来”，通过by+doing形式表达。 8-26 原文：
1.信息技术在加快自主创新和节能降耗，推动减排治污等方面的作用日益凸显，互联网已经成为中国发展低碳经济的新型战略性产业。
2.中国政府将大力推动电子商务类、教育类网站发展，积极推进电子政务建设，支持发展网络广播、网络电视等新兴媒体，倡导提供形式多样、内容丰富的互联网信息服务，以满足人们多样化、多层次的信息消费需求。
参考译文：
1. The role of IT in promoting independent innovation, energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection has become ever more prominent. The Inter-net has emerged as a new strategic industry in China’s development of low-carbon economy.
2. The Chinese government will vigorously promote the development of websites featuring e-commerce and education, give impetus to the building of e-government, advocate the development of emerging media such as online radio and online television, and call for the provision of varied and rich Internet information services to satisfy the diversified, multi-leveled needs of information consumption.
词汇：
自主创新independent innovation 节能降耗energy conservation
减排治污emission reduction and environmental protection 战略性产业strategic industry
成为……emerge as...
电子商务类、教育类网站发展development of websites featuring e-commerce and education 电子政务e-government 新兴媒体emerging media
多样化、多层次的diversified, multi-leveled
1.
译文主干：The role has become ever more prominent 断句：
信息技术在加快自主创新和节能降耗，推动减排治污等方面的作用日益凸显，||互联网已经成为中国发展低碳经济的新型战略性产业。 8-25 原文：
互联网与实体经济不断融合，利用互联网改造和提升传统产业，带动了传统产业结构调整和经济发展方式的转变。互联网发展与运用还催生了一批新兴产业，工业咨询、软件服务、外包服务等工业服务业蓬勃兴起。
参考译文：
The combination of the Internet and the real economy, the reform and enhancement of traditional industry through IT, have given an impetus to the restructuring of traditional industry and changing of the pattern of its development. The development and application of the Internet has given rise to the emergence of many new industries. Services for the development of industries such as industrial counseling, software service and outsourcing are mushrooming.
词汇：
带动了give an impetus to sth.
催生了give rise to the emergence of sth. 工业咨询industrial counseling 外包服务outsourcing 蓬勃兴起be mushrooming 时态--现在完成时
“互联网与实体经济不断融合，利用互联网改造和提升传统产业，带动了传统产业结构调整和经济发展方式的转变。”
原文出现三个动词，“融合、利用、带动”，原文的关系：“互联网与实体经济不断（的）融合，（以及）利用互联网改造和提升（的）传统产业”“带动了传统产业结构调整和经济发展方式的转变”，整理关系后，译文主语为combination, the reform and enhancement of traditional industry。“利用”用through翻译。
断句：
互联网发展与运用还催生了一批新兴产业，||工业咨询、软件服务、外包服务等工业服务业蓬勃兴起 8-24 原文：
1.互联网推进了中国经济社会发展。在经济领域，互联网加速向传统产业渗透，新型商务模式和服务经济加速兴起，衍生了新的业态。互联网在促进经济结构调整、转变经济发展方式等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。
2.互联网成为推动中国经济发展的重要引擎。包括互联网在内的信息技术与产业，对中国经济高速增长作出了重要贡献。
参考译文：
1. The Internet is helping promote the economic and social development of China. In the economic sector, the Internet has spread its influence into traditional industry, which leads to the emergence of new business models and service economy, generating new types of industries. The Internet is playing an increasingly important role in promoting economic restructuring and transforming the pattern of economic development.
2. The Internet has become an engine promoting the economic development of China. IT including the Internet and its industry has made significant contributions to the rapid growth of the Chinese economy.
1.
“互联网成为推动中国经济发展的重要引擎。” 理解：互联网（帮助）推动中国经济发展
“互联网加速向传统产业渗透，新型商务模式和服务经济加速兴起” 理解：互联网加速对传统产业的影响，时态（现在完成时），has spread its influence into traditional industry
下笔翻译前，了解前后的关系：“互联网加速向传统产业渗透”引起“新型商务模式和服务经济加速兴起”，which leads to the emergence of...
发挥着越来越重要的作用play an increasingly important role in doing sth.
2.
时态--现在完成时 has become an engine, has made significant contributions
8-23
原文：
1.截止2010年７月，中国累计设立外商投资企业69.8万家，实际使用外资1.05万亿美元。
2.对外开放、吸引外资是互利共赢的。对中国来说，通过持续吸引外资为国家现代化建设提供了必要的资金、先进的技术和宝贵的管理经验以及众多国际化人才。对外商投资企业来说，则赢得了可观的投资回报。不少在华外商投资企业成为其母公司全球业务的增长亮点和利润中心。
参考译文：
1. By July 2010, a total of 698,000 foreign-invested enterprises had been established in China, registering a paid-in capital of US$1.05 trillion.
2. Opening to the outside world and attracting foreign investment are mutually beneficial and complementary. For China, continued introduction of foreign investment has provided necessary fund, advanced technologies and valuable managerial expertise and many global-minded talents to support the country's modernization drive. For foreign enterprises, investing in China has generated handsome returns. Many foreign-invested enterprises in China have become the growth engines and profit centers of their parent companies' global business.
外商投资企业foreign-invested enterprise
实际使用外资1.05万亿美元：注册外资1.05万亿美元registering a paid-in capital of US$1.05 trillion
译文采用被动语态，以foreign-invested enterprises为主语，注意时态用过去完成时。
管理经验managerial expertise 国际化人才global-minded talent 可观的投资回报handsome return 增长亮点growth engine 8-22
原文：
近年来，中国全面把握对外开放阶段性特点，按照完善内外联动、互利共赢、安全高效的开放型经济体系的要求，总结实践中的成功经验，把“引进来”和“走出去”更好地结合起来，创新对外投资和合作方式，支持企业在研发、生产、销售等方面开展国际化经营。
参考译文：
In recent years, we have worked in line with the characteristics of the different stages of opening-up, and the requirements to improve an open economic system that focuses on both domestic and international markets, that promotes win-win and mutually beneficial cooperation, and that emphasizes security and effectiveness. And we have actively summed up our successful experience in past years. We better coordinated our \"inviting in\" and \"going global\" strategies, adopted new ways of conducting overseas investment and cooperation and supported enterprises to develop international operation in research and development, production and distribution.
词汇：
内外联动focuses on both domestic and international markets 阶段性特点characteristics of the different stages
“引进来”和“走出去”\"inviting in\" and \"going global\" strategies
断句：
近年来，中国全面把握对外开放阶段性特点，按照完善内外联动、互利共赢、安全高效的开放型经济体系的要求，||总结实践中的成功经验，||把“引进来”和“走出去”更好地结合起来，创新对外投资和合作方式，支持企业在研发、生产、销售等方面开展国际化经营。
第一句：
把握（按照）……特色和要求work in line with ... “内外联动、互利共赢、安全高效的开放型经济体系”
译文采用动词+名词来翻译，增译动词focus, promote, emphasized，使句子更流畅。
8-21 原文：
目前，中国正在加快推进各种形式的对外投资合作，培育发展中国的跨国公司，支持有实力的企业建立国际营销网络，加强境外基础设施建设合作，规范发展对外劳务合作，积极推动境外经贸合作区建设，缓解我国生产能力过剩、内需不足的矛盾，推动国内产业转型，带动相关产品和服务出口。
参考译文：
We are stepping up efforts to facilitate various forms of overseas investment cooperation, develop our own multinational companies and support well-positioned enterprises to establish international sales distribution networks. We are working to strengthen overseas infrastructure construction cooperation, and develop overseas labor contract cooperation in a well-managed fashion. And we are actively advancing the construction of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones. Our aim is to alleviate the tensions between overcapacity and weak domestic demand, stimulate industrial transformation at home and, at the same time, promote exports of relevant products and services.
词汇：
有实力的企业well-positioned enterprises 生产能力过剩overcapacity
内需不足weak domestic demand 产业转型industrial transformation
断句：
目前，中国正在加快推进各种形式的对外投资合作，培育发展中国的跨国公司，支持有实力的企业建立国际营销网络，||加强境外基础设施建设合作，规范发展对外劳务合作，||积极推动境外经贸合作区建设，||缓解我国生产能力过剩、内需不足的矛盾，推动国内产业转型，带动相关产品和服务出口。
第三句：
了解前后的关系，增译Our aim is to（我们的目标是）
8-20 原文：
同时，我们清醒地认识到，中国仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，中国在发展进程中遇到的矛盾和问题无论规模还是复杂性都世所罕见。要全面建成惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会，进而基本实现现代化、实现全体人民共同富裕，还有很长的路要走。
参考译文：
We are keenly aware, however, that China remains the world’s largest developing country. The difficulties and problems that we face in development are rarely seen in any other part of the world in terms of their scale and complexity. We still have a long way to go before we can build, in a comprehensive way, a moderately prosperous society of a higher level that will benefit the more than one billion Chinese people, and then achieve basic modernization and bring common prosperity to all our people.
仍然是remain
世所罕见are rarely seen in any other part of the world 全面in a comprehensive way
断句：
同时，我们清醒地认识到，中国仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，||中国在发展进程中遇到的矛盾和问题无论规模还是复杂性都世所罕见。
无论（在）规模还是复杂性（方面）：in terms of引导状语
矛盾和问题无论规模还是复杂性都世所罕见：注意译文要用被动are rarely seen
“还有很长的路要走”做主干：We still have a long way to go
8-19 原文：
坚持对外开放基本国策，坚定不移地发展开放型经济、奉行互利共赢的开放战略，是改革开放30多年来中国经济持续快速发展的一条成功经验。招商引资、择优选资，促进“引资”与“引智”相结合，是中国对外开放的重要内容。
参考译文
To follow the basic state policy of opening-up, unswervingly develop an open economy and pursue a win-win strategy of opening-up is a useful experience that has underpinned the sustained and rapid development of the Chinese economy over the past 30 years and more. To attract foreign investment, pick competitive foreign investors and bring in \"financial resources\" and \"intellectual resources\" both at the same time is an important element of China's opening-up policy.
词汇：
坚持基本国策follow basic state policy 互利共赢/双赢战略a win-win strategy 30多年the past 30 years and more
理解--------------
“是改革开放30多年来中国经济持续快速发展的一条成功经验”
是改革开放30多年来（支撑）中国经济持续快速发展的一条成功经验
译文增译has underpinned
招商引资：吸引外部资金attract foreign investment
择优选资：选择具有竞争性的投资商pick competitive foreign investors
促进“引资”与“引智”相结合：同时引进“资金资源”和“智力资源”bring in \"financial resources\" and \"intellectual resources\"
8-18原文：
60年来特别是改革开放30年来，中国取得了举世瞩目的发展成就，经济实力和综合国力显著增强，各项社会事业全面进步，人民生活从温饱不足发展到总体小康，中国社会迸发出前所未有的活力和创造力。
参考译文：
China has achieved remarkable progress in those 60 years, particularly in the last 30 years since reform and opening-up. China’s economy and comprehensive national strength have grown significantly and various social programs have made big strides. The Chinese people, once lacking basic living necessities, are now leading a moderately prosperous life, and the whole society is showing unprecedented dynamism and creativity.
断句：
60年来特别是改革开放30年来，中国取得了举世瞩目的发展成就，||经济实力和综合国力显著增强，各项社会事业全面进步，||人民生活从温饱不足发展到总体小康，中国社会迸发出前所未有的活力和创造力。
词汇：
社会事业social programs 全面进步make big strides
温饱不足lacking basic living necessities
总体小康leading a moderately prosperous life
“人民生活从温饱不足发展到总体小康”
直译的话，以“人民生活”做主语，但这里译文以“人民”做主语 “从……发展到……”：用once...,now...来表示
8-17
选自“胡锦涛在庆祝中国共产党成立90周年大会上的讲话英汉双语”
原文：
1.90年来党的发展历程告诉我们，理论上的成熟是政治上坚定的基础，理论上的与时俱进是行动上锐意进取的前提，思想上的统一是全党步调一致的重要保证。
2.在新的历史条件下提高党的建设科学化水平，必须坚持解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进，大力推进马克思主义中国化时代化大众化，提高全党思想政治水平。
参考译文：
1. The Party's growth over the past 90 years shows that theoretical maturity is the basis for political conviction, advancing with the times theoretically is a prerequisite for forging ahead in action, and unity of thinking is an important guarantee for the whole Party to march in step.
2. To make Party building more scientific under the new historical conditions, we must continue to free up our minds, seek truth from facts, advance with the times, adapt Marxism both to China's conditions and to the current times, and make it known to the general public so as to raise the ideological and political awareness of the whole Party.
词汇：
理论上的成熟theoretical maturity
理论上的与时俱进advancing with the times theoretically 步调一致march in step
中国化adapt to China's conditions
思想政治水平ideological and political awareness
“大力推进马克思主义中国化时代化大众化”，理解为：使马克思主义（适应）中国化，时代化，大众化
（使）中国化adapt Marxism to China's conditions （使）时代化adapt Marxism to the current times （使）大众化make it known to the general public 8-16 原文：
以城乡社区为载体，以居民需求为导向，整合人口、就业、社保、民政、卫生、文化等社会管理职能和服务资源，实现政府行政管理与基层群众自治有效衔接和良性互动。
参考译文：
With urban and rural communities as the channel and public demand as our guide, we will integrate social administration functions and service resources in the areas of population, employment, social security, civil administration, public health, and culture, and establish effective connections and positive interactions between government administration and primary-level self-governance.
词汇：
以……为载体with... as the channel 以……为导向with... as our guide 民政civil administration
基层群众自治primary-level self-governance
整合人口、就业、社保、民政、卫生、文化等社会管理职能和服务资源
we will integrate social administration functions and service resources in the areas of population, employment, social security, civil administration, public health, and culture
对于“……等”，一般采用such as...来翻译
但在这里，我们要注意下原文潜在的关系，“人口、就业、社保、民政、卫生、文化等（的）社会管理职能和服务资源”
译文使用in the areas of，可以感受下词汇的应用。 8-15
原文：
我们将继续从本国国情出发，坚持中国特色社会主义道路，坚持改革开放，推动科学发展，促进社会和谐，全面推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设，全力做到发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享。
参考译文：
We will, in the light of our national conditions, continue to follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, persist in reform and opening-up, promote scientific development and social harmony, and achieve all-round progress in the economic, political, cultural, social and environmental fields. We will ensure that our development is for the people and by the people and the fruits of development are shared among the people.
词汇：
国情national conditions
断句：
我们将继续从本国国情出发，坚持中国特色社会主义道路，坚持改革开放，推动科学发展，促进社会和谐，全面推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设，|全力做到发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享。
1.
坚持（走）中国特色社会主义道路follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics
\"全面推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设\"，这里不好直译，若直接翻译5个“建设”显得太累赘，要先理解并调整译文顺序。
句子大意：在经济、政治、文化、社会以及生态文明“领域”进行全面的建设（/发展） 译文：achieve all-round progress in the economic, political, cultural, social and environmental fields
2.全力做到发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享 三个“发展”，译文只用一个development
为了--for;依靠--by;由……共享--be shared by...
8.13复习：
让我们在以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央领导下，紧紧抓住历史机遇，勇敢面对各种挑战，开拓进取，团结奋斗，扎实工作，努力实现“十二五”时期良好开局，把中国特色社会主义伟大事业继续推向前进！ 814
选自“2011年两会温家宝总理记者会”
原文：
在一个拥有13亿人口的大国推进政治体制改革并非是一件容易的事情，需要有稳定的、和谐的社会环境，在党的领导下有序地进行。
参考译文：
It is by no means easy to pursue political restructuring in such a big country with 1.3 billion people. It requires a stable and harmonious social environment and it needs to be taken forward in an orderly way under the leadership of the Party.
词汇：
并非是by no means
推进……改革puresue...restructuring
拥有13亿人口的大国a big country with 1.3 billion people 有序地进行be taken forward in an orderly way
译文分为两句话，第二句可用it做主语。
8.12复习：
积极开展多边外交，以二十国集团峰会等为主要平台，加强宏观经济政策协调，推动国际经济金融体系改革，促进世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长，在推动解决热点问题和全球性问题上发挥建设性作用，履行应尽的国际责任和义务。
选自“2011政府工作报告” 813 原文：
让我们在以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央领导下，紧紧抓住历史机遇，勇敢面对各种挑战，开拓进取，团结奋斗，扎实工作，努力实现“十二五”时期良好开局，把中国特色社会主义伟大事业继续推向前进！
参考译文：
Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, let us firmly seize historic opportunities, boldly meet all challenges, break new ground, work diligently in unity, strive to get the Twelfth Five-Year Plan off to a good start, and continue to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
词汇：
在……领导下under the leadership of... 开拓进取break new ground
团结奋斗，扎实工作work diligently in unity “十二五”时期Twelfth Five-Year Plan 伟大事业great cause
“以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央领导下”
under the leadership of...，介词短语提前做状语
“紧紧抓住”，“勇敢面对”，用副词+动词表示，比较简洁
812
选自“2011政府工作报告”
原文：
积极开展多边外交，以二十国集团峰会等为主要平台，加强宏观经济政策协调，推动国际经济金融体系改革，促进世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长，在推动解决热点问题和全球性问题上发挥建设性作用，履行应尽的国际责任和义务。
参考译文：
We will take an active part in multilateral diplomacy, and use the G20 summit and other diplomatic forums as our main platform for strengthening the coordination of macroeconomic policies; advancing the reform of the international economic and financial system; promoting robust, sustainable and balanced growth of the world economy; playing a constructive role in helping resolve hot issues and global problems; and fulfilling our international responsibilities and duties.
词汇：
多边外交multilateral diplomacy 二十国集团峰会G20 summit
翻译分段：
积极开展多边外交，以二十国集团峰会等为主要平台，加强宏观经济政策协调，|推动国际经济金融体系改革，|促进世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长，|在推动解决热点问题和全球性问题上发挥建设性作用，|履行应尽的国际责任和义务。
这句话动词很多，译文利用封号和动名词连接句子。翻译的时候也要注意，按照原文的顺序逐步翻译，在这里，基本上可以直译。
译文增译了“and other diplomatic forums”来表示“等”。
811 原文：
中国政府和人民愿与国际社会一道，共同应对风险挑战，共同分享发展机遇，为人类和平与
发展的崇高事业做出新贡献！
参考译文：
The Chinese government and people are willing to work with the international community to respond to risks and challenges, share in development opportunities, and make new contributions to humanity's lofty causes of peace and development. 810 原文：
推进城镇居民养老保险试点，解决集体企业退休人员养老保障的历史遗留问题，建立企业退休人员基本养老金正常调整机制。
参考译文：
We will move forward with the trials of old-age insurance for urban residents, solve longstanding problems concerning pensions for retirees of collectively owned enterprises, and put in place a mechanism to regularly adjust the basic pensions of enterprise retirees.
词汇：
推进move forward with 养老保险old-age insurance
集体企业collectively owned enterprise 历史遗留问题longstanding problem
译文用两种方法翻译“修饰语” 1.养老保障的历史遗留问题
longstanding problems concerning pensions concerning关于...
2.建立企业退休人员基本养老金正常调整机制
put sth in place将某物放在合适的位子，译文将宾语mechanism后置，to regularly adjust the basic pensions of enterprise retirees做定语修饰宾语。 不定式to do sth来修饰“机制”mechanism。 809 原文：
要适应我国劳动力结构特点，大力发展劳动密集型产业、服务业、小型微型企业和创新型科技企业，努力满足不同层次的就业需求。
参考译文：
In light of the workforce structure in China, we will energetically develop labor-intensive industries, service industries, small and micro-businesses and innovative high-tech enterprises, and strive to satisfy the employment needs of different groups of people.
词汇：
劳动密集型产业labor-intensive industries 大力发展energetically develop in light of考虑到
增译we will
“满足不同层次的就业需求”，满足不同层次的（人的）就业需求 增译people，使句子更流畅。 808 原文：
深化选人用人制度改革，努力营造平等公开、竞争择优的制度和社会环境，激励优秀人才脱颖而出，创造人尽其才的良好局面。
参考译文：
We will deepen the reform of the systems for selecting and employing personnel; strive to create an equitable, open and competitive system as well as social environment in which people are selected on their merits; encourage outstanding people to emerge; and create an environment that encourages talented people to tap their full potential.
词汇：
激励优秀人才脱颖而出encourage outstanding people to emerge 人尽其才talented people to tap their full potential
努力营造平等公开、竞争择优的制度和社会环境
strive to create an equitable, open and competitive system as well as social environment (in which people are selected on their merits)
括号内属于对“竞争择优”的进一步说明，也可看做是一种增译，使译文更加完整。 807 原文：
以高层次和高技能人才为重点，加快培养造就一大批创新型科技人才和急需紧缺人才。
参考译文：
With the focus on high-level and highly skilled personnel, we will more quickly foster a large number of innovative scientists and engineers and skilled workers who are urgently needed and in short supply.
以……为重点with the focus on ...
急需紧缺人才skilled workers who are urgently needed and in short supply （who引导定语表示“急需紧缺”）
译文开始采用with结构，增译主语we。
网友提问与回答-------------
问：为什么将“创新型科技人才”中的“人才”翻译成“scientists and engineers”，而“急需紧缺人才”中的“人才”却用的是“workers”？是固定用法吗？
今后如果遇到跟“人才”有关的翻译，该如何选择用词嘞？如talent、personnel、worker、engineer等
答：原文中出现三个“人才”，译文用不同的单词表示，是为了避免重复。 “人才”用的比较多的是personnel和talent。
“创新型科技人才”在这里指科学家和工程师，故翻译为innovative scientists and engineers engineer表示“工程师”，不能单独表示人才。
2010政府工作报告：
加快人才资源开发。人才是第一资源。要统筹推进各类人才队伍建设，突出培养创新型科技人才、经济社会发展重点领域专门人才和高技能人才，积极引进海外高层次人才。建立健全政府、社会、用人单位和个人等多元化的人才培养投入机制，充分发挥市场配置人才资源的基础性作用，努力营造人才辈出、人尽其才的制度环境，建设人力资源强国。
We will accelerate the development of human resources. Talented personnel are the primary resources. We need to develop all types of human resources in a coordinated and all-round way, with the focus on producing innovative scientists and engineers, and experts and professionals in key areas of economic and social development, and energetically attract high caliber personnel from overseas. We will set up a mechanism for diversifying finding for personnel training, so that the government, nongovernmental bodies, employers and employees all do their part. We will make full use of the basic role of market forces in allocating human resources, strive to create an institutional environment conducive to bringing forth talented people in large numbers and tapping their full potential, and make our country rich in human resources.
人才talented personnel;talented people
创新型科技人才innovative scientists and engineers
806 原文：
因地制宜，分步推进，把有稳定劳动关系并在城镇居住一定年限的农民工，逐步转为城镇居民。
参考译文：
We will gradually make sure that rural migrant workers who have stable jobs and have lived in cities or towns for a number of years are registered as urban residents in line with local conditions and in a step-by-step manner.
词汇：
农民工rural migrant worker
因地制宜in line with local conditions
（in line with 表示“按照，与……一致”） 分步推进in a step-by-step manner
We will gradually make sure that属于增译，做主干部分。
“农民工逐步转为城镇居民”做从句的主干，“转为”翻译成被动“are registered as” “因地制宜，分步推进”做状语，放在最后翻译。
原文：
加大力度支持革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区发展，颁布实施2011—2020年中国农村扶贫开发纲要，启动集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫开发攻坚工程，加快贫困地区脱贫致富步伐。
参考译文：
We will give greater support to the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas and border areas, promulgate and implement the 2011-2020 rural poverty alleviation and development program, launch the project to alleviate poverty through development in contiguous areas with particular difficulties, and lift impoverished areas out of poverty more quickly.
词汇：
颁布实施promulgate and implement 农村扶贫rural poverty alleviation 开发纲要development program
集中连片……地区contiguous areas with... 贫困地区impoverished areas 脱贫lift...out of poverty
理清句子内部关系------
“启动集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫开发攻坚工程”
原文：
大力推进农村土地开发整理，大规模建设旱涝保收高标准农田，加快全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设。
参考译文：
We will vigorously develop and improve rural land, develop arable land that meets high drought and flood resistance standards on a large scale, and accelerate our work to increase the country's grain production capacity by 50 million tons.
词汇：
大力推进vigorously develop and improve 农田arable land
新增...能力建设increase...capacity by...
“大规模建设旱涝保收高标准农田”虽然原文并没有提到resistance，翻译的时候，需要理解
high drought and flood resistance standards表示“抗旱涝的高标准”
drought and flood resistance 抗干旱、水涝
that meets high drought and flood resistance standards定语表示“旱涝保收高标准”
补充：
对于“千亿斤”，有童鞋翻译为50 million kilos，我们可以换算回去 1 kilo=2斤
50 kilos=100斤
1kilo=2斤，50 million kilos=100,000,000斤=1亿
也就是50 million kilos=1亿斤
正确的换算：
1斤=0.5千克(kilo)=0.5*0.001吨(ton)=0.0005ton million 百万
千亿斤=50 million tons
对数字翻译一定要敏感，尤其是口译。这一方面要多训练，听到数字，能马上反应，特别是million, billion的换算，之后会陆续多一点数字的翻译，供大家练习。
原文：
扩大内需是我国经济发展的长期战略方针和基本立足点，也是促进经济均衡发展的根本途径和内在要求。
参考译文：
Expanding domestic demand is a long-term strategic principle and basic standpoint of China's economic development as well as a fundamental means and an internal requirement for promoting balanced economic development.
扩大内需expand domestic demand
长期战略方针a long-term strategic principle
基本立足点basic standpoint
用as well as表示“也”
问：长期战略方针”用的是principle，用strategy可以吗？谢谢！ 答：
strategic adj.战略的 strategy n.战略
principle n.原理，原则
strategic strategy这种表达不怎么用
“战略方针”用strategic principle表示，既体现了“战略的”，也表现了“方针”，“战略”在这里做定语，宾语实际是“方针”。
原文：
推动农村商业连锁经营和统一配送，优化城镇商业网点布局，积极发展电子商务、网络购物、地理信息等新型服务业态。
参考译文：
We will promote chain-store operations and unified distribution in rural areas, optimize the distribution of urban commercial outlets, and develop new services such as e-commerce, online shopping and the Geographic Information System.
词汇：
连锁经营chain-store operation 统一配送unified distribution
城镇商业网点urban commercial outlet
“推动，优化，发展”用promote, optimize and develop三个动词并列表示 “新型服务业态”，“态”可以不用翻译，直接译为\"new services\"。
网友提问与回答------------
问：翻译稿中把“城镇商业网点”翻译为“urban commercial outlets”,这里outles用sites代替行不行呢？
答：outlet: a place of business for retailing goods
site: the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located) 比较而言，outlet在这里比较合适。
原文：
新形势下，中国对外援助事业任重道远。中国政府将着力优化对外援助结构，提高对外援助质量，进一步增强受援国自主发展能力，提高援助的针对性和实效性。中国作为国际社会的重要成员，将一如既往地推进南南合作，在经济不断发展的基础上逐步加大对外援助投入，与世界各国一道，推动实现联合国千年发展目标，为建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界而不懈努力。
参考译文：
Against this background, China has a long way to go in providing foreign aid. The Chinese government will make efforts to optimize the country's foreign aid structure, improve the quality of foreign aid, further increase recipient countries' capacity in independent development, and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of foreign aid. As an important member of the international community, China will continue to promote South-South cooperation, as it always has done, gradually increase its foreign aid input on the basis of the continuous development of its economy, promote the realization of the UN Millennium Development Goals, and make unremitting efforts to build, together with other countries, a prosperous and harmonious world with lasting peace.
词汇：
新形势下Against this background
任重道远has a long way to go in doing sth. 优化optimize
自主发展能力capacity in independent development 针对性pertinence
一如既往地as it always has done
在……基础上on the basis of...
联合国千年发展目标UN Millennium Development Goals 不懈努力make unremitting efforts
持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界a prosperous and harmonious world with lasting peace 汉语里有三个形容词：持久和平、共同繁荣的、和谐（的） 翻译的时候，可利用with+名词结构。
原文：
国际金融危机影响尚未消退，气候变化、粮食危机、能源资源安全、流行性疾病等全球性问题给发展中国家带来新的挑战，国际经济发展不平衡现象日趋严重，南北贫富差距持续拉大。
参考译文：
With the repercussions of the international financial crisis continuing to linger, global concerns such as climate change, food crisis, energy and resource security, and epidemic of diseases have brought new challenges to developing countries, aggravating the imbalance in the development of the global economy, and widening the gap between North and South, rich and poor.
词汇：
尚未消退continuing to linger 流行性疾病epidemic of diseases
南北贫富差距gap between North and South, rich and poor
“国际金融危机影响尚未消退”显示一种状态\\条件，用with...表示。
“国际经济发展不平衡现象日趋严重，南北贫富差距持续拉大”翻译的时候要理解这里的主语是“全球性问题global concerns” aggravating... and widening...
原文：
2005年以来，中国与多个国际多边组织和国家在发展援助领域开展交流，并派团参加联合国发展筹资问题会议、联合国千年发展目标高级别会议、联合国发展合作论坛、援助有效性高级别论坛、八国集团和发展中五国海利根达姆进程发展对话、世界贸易组织促贸援助全球审议等多个关于国际发展合作的会议和对话，加强与其他援助方的交流和沟通，积极推动南南合作。
参考译文：
Since 2005, China has carried out exchanges in development assistance with many international multilateral organizations and countries. It has sent delegations to participate in conferences and dialogues on international development and cooperation such as the UN High-Level Meeting on Financing for Development, UN High-Level Meeting on the Millennium Development Goals, UN Development Cooperation Forum, High-Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness, Heiligendamm Process Dialogue between G8 and the five most important emerging economies, and WTO Global Review on Aid for Trade, to strengthen its communication and exchanges with other aid providers and promote South-South cooperation.
原文：
近年来，中国加大对发展中国家的教育援助力度，援建了近100所农村小学校，大幅增加政府奖学金和来华培训教师名额，派遣更多的教师帮助受援国发展薄弱学科，加强与其他发展中国家在职业技术教育和远程教育等方面的合作。
参考译文：
In recent years, China has strengthened its aid for education in other developing countries, helping them build nearly 100 rural primary schools, increasing government scholarships and the number of teachers who come to receive training in China, dispatching more Chinese teachers abroad to help build up the weak academic disciplines, and enhancing cooperation with other developing countries in vocational, technical education and distance education.
词汇：
来华培训教师teachers who come to receive training in China 派遣dispatching sb. to do sth.
发展薄弱学科build up the weak academic disciplines 与某人在……等方面的合作cooperation with sb. in sth.
原文：
中国对外援助项目主要分布在农业、工业、经济基础设施、公共设施、教育、医疗卫生等领域，重点帮助受援国提高工农业生产能力，增强经济和社会发展基础，改善基础教育和医疗状况。
参考译文：
China' s foreign aid projects are oriented to agriculture, industry, economic infrastructure, public facilities, education, and medical and health care, with the focus on improving recipient countries' industrial and agricultural productivity, laying a solid foundation for their economic and social development, and improving basic education and health care.
词汇：
主要分布在are oriented to
重点帮助with the focus on （doing）sth 增强……基础lay a solid foundation for ...
原文：
充分发挥我国主要工业品总体供大于求、粮食库存充裕、外汇储备较多等有利条件，努力消除输入性、结构性通胀因素的不利影响，消化要素成本上涨压力，正确引导市场预期，坚决抑制价格上涨势头。
参考译文：
We need to make the most of favourable conditions, such as an ample supply of manufactured goods and our abundant grain reserves and considerable foreign exchange reserves, endeavor to overcome the adverse effects of imported and structural inflation, cushion the upward pressure for costs of factors of production, and correctly guide market expectations to resolutely curb prices.
词汇：
努力消除……不利影响overcome the adverse effects of... 输入性、结构性通胀因素imported and structural inflation 消化；减缓cushion
要素成本costs of factors of production
正确引导市场预期，坚决抑制价格上涨势头--通过“正确引导市场预期”，来“坚决抑制价格上涨势头”guide... to do sth.
原文：
谈到就业，我觉得我们应该重视结构调整，在结构调整中特别应该重视发展中小企业，主要是科技型的小企业。
参考译文：
With respect to jobs, I would like to say that we must pay close attention to economic restructuring. And in this course we should give priority to developing small and medium-sized enterprises, in particular small high-tech enterprises.
原文：
积极稳妥推进医药卫生体制改革，全面建立城镇居民基本医疗保险制度、新型农村合作医疗制度，惠及12.67亿城乡居民。
参考译文：
We actively yet prudently carried out the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems, and completed a basic medical insurance system for non-working urban residents and a new rural cooperative medical care system, which benefit 1.267 billion urban and rural residents. 医药卫生体制pharmaceutical and healthcare system 合作医疗制度rural cooperative medical care system
积极稳妥表示“积极地、稳妥地”，翻译为“actively yet prudently”
选自“胡锦涛在庆祝中国共产党成立90周年大会上的讲话英汉双语”
原文：
总结90年的发展历程，我们党保持和发展马克思主义政党先进性的根本点是：坚持解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进，以科学态度对待马克思主义，用发展着的马克思主义指导新的实践，坚持真理、修正错误，坚定不移走自己的路，始终保持党开拓前进的精神动力。
参考译文：
A review of its 90 years of development shows that the following are essential for our Party to preserve and develop its advanced nature as a Marxist political party: The Party should free up the mind, seek truth from facts, advance with the times, take a scientific approach toward Marxism, use Marxism as an evolving theory to guide practice in new realities, uphold truth, correct mistakes, blaze new trails, and maintain the motivation that enables the Party to forge ahead in a pioneering spirit.
词汇：
总结A review of
先进性advanced nature
与时俱进advance with the times 坚定不移走自己的路blaze new trails forge ahead 继续进行, 取得进展
选自“胡锦涛在庆祝中国共产党成立90周年大会上的讲话英汉双语”
原文：
经过90年的奋斗、创造、积累，党和人民必须倍加珍惜、长期坚持、不断发展的成就是：开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，形成了中国特色社会主义理论体系，确立了中国特色社会主义制度。
参考译文：
We have embarked on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, formed a system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics and established a socialist system with Chinese characteristics. These achievements made over 90 years of endeavors, innovation, and enrichment, should be valued, upheld on a long-term basis and continuously built upon by our Party and people.
词汇：
开辟了……道路embark on the path of ...
中国特色社会主义制度socialist system with Chinese characteristics 长期坚持uphold on a long-term basis;in the long term
原文冒号后的内容是对前面“成就”的具体解释，译文先翻译“成就”的具体内容，再说明这些“成就”是“经过90年的奋斗、创造、积累，党和人民必须倍加珍惜、长期坚持、不断发展的”，用两句话表示，第一句译文用现在完成时，第二句“党和人民必须倍加珍惜、长期坚持、不
断发展的成就”译文用被动语态，强调“成就”。
选自“胡锦涛在庆祝中国共产党成立90周年大会上的讲话英汉双语”
原文：
党的十六大以来，党中央团结带领全党全国各族人民，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，着力推动科学发展、促进社会和谐，继续在全面建设小康社会实践中推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业。
参考译文：
Since the Party's Sixteenth National Congress, the Party Central Committee has united with and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups in following Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, fully implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development, energetically promoting scientific development and social harmony, and continuing to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics by building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
词汇：
十六大Sixteenth National Congress
“三个代表”Three Represents
科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development 小康社会a moderately prosperous society 全面in all respects 伟大事业great cause
推动/促进/推进promote;advance
“继续在全面建设小康社会实践中推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业”：
也就是通过“全面建设小康社会”来“推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业”，故译文中使用“by”连接。
选自“2011年3月《中国的对外援助》白皮书(全文)汉英对照”
原文：
中国在提供对外援助时，尽力为受援国培养本土人才和技术力量，帮助受援国建设基础设施，开发利用本国资源，打好发展基础，逐步走上自力更生、独立发展的道路。
参考译文：
In providing foreign aid, China does its best to help recipient countries to foster local personnel and technical forces, build infrastructure, and develop and use domestic resources, so as to lay a foundation for future development and embarkation on the road of self-reliance and independent development.
词汇
受援国recipient country
本土人才local personnel
技术力量technical forces 基础设施infrastructure
打好发展基础lay a foundation for future development 自力更生self-reliance
翻译的主要线路是 does its best to help recipient countries(foster, build, develop and use)... so as to ...
选自“2011年3月《中国的对外援助》白皮书(全文)汉英对照”
原文：
中国的对外援助，发展巩固了与广大发展中国家的友好关系和经贸合作，推动了南南合作，为人类社会共同发展作出了积极贡献。
参考译文：
Through foreign aid, China has consolidated friendly relations and economic and trade cooperation with other developing countries, promoted South-South cooperation and contributed to the common development of mankind.
词汇：
巩固consolidate
南南合作South-South cooperation 共同发展common development 推动promote
翻译笔记：
主语的改变--理解句子，通过“对外援助”，中国“发展巩固了与广大发展中国家的友好关系和经贸合作……”
时态--原文可能不太容易看出时态，但翻译的时候，通过上下文，先确定时态，原文表示已经完成的一种状态，故用现在完成时。
原文：
政如农功，日夜思之，思其始而成其终。参考译文：
I do my job as diligently as a farmer tends to his field. I have it on my mind day and night. I work for a thorough planning from the start and I’m determined to carry it through to a successful end.
这句话出自《左传纪事本末》卷四十四《子产相郑》
原文：政如农功，日夜思之，思其始而成其终，朝夕而行之。行无越思，如农之有畔，其过鲜矣。
这句话的意思就是：从政就像农民种地一样，下种以后，刮风下雨，阴天阳时，无不上心。
原文：
政府投资引导带动社会投资，国内需求大幅增加，有效弥补外需缺口，较短时间内扭转经济增速下滑趋势，在世界率先实现回升向好，既战胜了特殊困难、有力地保障和改善了民生，又为长远发展奠定了坚实基础。
参考译文：
Government spending guided and drove nongovernmental investment, greatly increased domestic demand and effectively compensated for weak external demand. This helped to reverse the slowdown in economic growth in a relatively short time and make the Chinese economy the first in the world to pick up again. In this way, we not only got over the hard times and ensured and improved the wellbeing of the people, but also laid a firm foundation for long-term development.
词汇：
引导带动guide and drive 投资spending;investment 国内需求domestic demand
外需缺口weak external demand 回升向好pick up
战胜了特殊困难get over the hard times 民生wellbeing of the people
奠定了坚实基础lay a firm foundation
翻译笔记：
对于较长的汉语，如何断句很重要：
1.政府投资引导带动社会投资，国内需求大幅增加，有效弥补外需缺口
2.有效弥补外需缺口，较短时间内扭转经济增速下滑趋势，在世界率先实现回升向好 3.既战胜了特殊困难、有力地保障和改善了民生，又为长远发展奠定了坚实基础。
原文：
城镇新增就业5771万人，转移农业劳动力4500万人；城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均分别实际增长9.7%和8.9%；覆盖城乡的社会保障体系逐步健全。
参考译文：
The number of new urban jobs increased by 57.71 million, and 45 million agricultural workers found urban employment. The per capita disposable income of urban residents rose by an annual average of 9.7% and the per capita net income of rural residents by 8.9% in real terms. The social security system covering both urban and rural areas was progressively refined.
词汇：
增长increase by；rise by 城镇新增就业new urban job 城镇居民urban resident
农村居民rural resident
人均per capita
可支配收入 disposable income 实际in real terms
逐步健全was progressively refined
翻译笔记：
1.虽然中文里没有“数字”，但要注意翻译的时候，将number作为主语，increase做谓语。 2.“转移农业劳动力4500万人”在文中属于意译，表示“农业工作者在城镇就业”，即45 million agricultural workers found urban employment。 3.逐步健全was progressively refined progressively逐步地
refine v.完善，改善（译文中做被动） 4.封号处，根据语境可另起句子。
原句：
这些辉煌成就，充分显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性，展现了改革开放的伟大力量，极大增强了全国各族人民的自信心和自豪感，增强了中华民族的凝聚力和向心力，必将激励我们在新的历史征程上奋勇前进。 参考译文：
These brilliant achievements clearly show the advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the great power of reform and opening up. They greatly increased the confidence and pride of our people of all ethnic groups, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and inspired us to forge ahead on our historic course.
词汇：
中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese characteristics 优越性advantage(优势)
改革开放reform and opening up
全国各族人民our people of all ethnic groups
凝聚力，向心力cohesiveness（在考笔译实物的时候，这个单词可以通过字典查出） 在……上奋勇前进forge ahead on...
增强了increase, strengthen（同一个汉语动词多次出现，尽量用不同的英文单词表示）
翻译笔记：
“显示了”，“展现了”表达的是同一个意思，可以用show表示，然后用and连接两个宾语。 “必将激励我们在新的历史征程上奋勇前进”与“极大增强了全国各族人民的自信心和自豪感，增强了中华民族的凝聚力和向心力”存在因果关系，故断句从“极大增强了全国各族人民的自信心和自豪感”开始。
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