A
[2019·山西六校第二次阶段性测试] In 2013, Gabby Frost founded Buddy Project when she was 15. At that time, her best friend had been diagnosed (诊断) with a mental health condition, and that was the first time she was made aware of what mental illness was. She wanted to learn more and develop a good support system for her.
Mental illness affects tens of millions of people in the United States each year, yet only half receive treatment, according to the National Institutes of Mental Health. Buddy Project's website says the service is not a substitute for therapy (治疗) or other types of mental health care, and it directs people to resources for further help.
Since founding the organization as a high school student, Frost has helped more than 200,000 participants find a new friend. On the day when Buddy Project was launched, she used her powerful social media presence to attract nearly 3,000 participants. “This was around the time when teens really began talking about mental health and found a supportive community online to talk about it，” she said.
One of the biggest social barriers she had to jump over was that people didn't view her seriously because she was a 15-year-old girl,
and even now, she's still a young woman. “Sometimes it's frustrating because people don't think what I do is needed or they don't think I'm professional，” she said. “Most people are blown away that a 20-year-old girl is running this and that it's one person
doing this but not a whole team. I'm just lucky that I've found a support system that has been able to help my mom and me with the project.”
体裁：记叙文 题材：个人经历 主题：Buddy Project
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Gabby Frost在15岁的时候为了帮助自己的朋友战胜心理疾病而成立了Buddy Project。Buddy Project帮助了很多有心理健康问题的人。尽管遇
到了很多的困难，但她仍坚持不懈。
【难句分析】 One of the biggest social barriers she had to jump over was that people didn't view her seriously because she was a 15-year-old girl, and even now, she's still a young woman.
分析：本句包含了一个定语从句she had to jump over，一个表语从句that people didn't view her seriously和一个原因状语从句because she was a 15-year-old girl。
译文：她必须跨越的最大的社会障碍之一是，因为她是一个15岁的女孩，人们不把她当回事，即使现在，她仍然是一位年轻的女性。
1．Why did Gabby Frost set up Buddy Project? A．To treat her mental disease.
B．To know what causes mental illness.
C．To help her friend to fight the mental disease. D．To cure those with mental disease.
答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“She wanted to learn more and develop a good support system for her”及第二段中的“Buddy Project's website says the service is not a substitute for therapy (治疗) or other types of mental health care, and it directs people to resources for further help”可知，她是为了帮助朋友与心理疾病抗争才成立了Buddy Project，故答案为C项。
2．What can we infer from paragraph 2?
A．Americans pay little attention to mental health. B．Many Americans have trouble with mental health. C．Buddy Project provides financial aid for patients. D．Buddy Project can cure those with mental disease. 答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第一句中的“Mental illness affects tens of millions of people in the United States each year”可知，在美国，很多人都有心理健康方面的问
题，故答案为B项。
3．What problem did Frost face?
A．She couldn't get support from her mother. B．She couldn't help so many patients at a time. C．She wasn't able to attract enough participants. D．She wasn't thought well of because of her age.
答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“One of the biggest social barriers she had to jump over was that people didn't view her seriously because she was a 15-year-old girl, and even now, she's still a young woman”和“people don't think what I do is needed... professional”可知，她面临的一个问题是人们因为她的年龄而不把她当回事儿，认为她不专业，故答案为D项。 4．How do most people feel about young Frost's running the project alone?
A．Completely defeated. B．Totally convinced. C．Strongly impressed. D．Fully satisfied. 答案与解析：C 考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的“Most people are blown away that a 20-year-old girl is running this and that
it's one person doing this but not a whole team. I'm just lucky that I've found a support system that has been able to help my mom and me with the project”，可知，大多数人对一个20岁的女孩独自(而不是靠一个团队)运营这个项目这一事实应感到惊讶、钦佩或印象深刻，故C项最能体现大多数人的心理，故选C项。
B
[2019·郑州高三第一次质量预测] If you've ever had a dog, you know just how deep a connection you can develop with “man's best friend”. But a dog's life is much shorter than humans, about 12 to 15 years long, which means every dog owner has to go through the heartbreaking moment when their loving pet passes away.
Why not make a clone of that dog then? This is the
solution offered by a South Korean company, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation. The company has already successfully cloned at least 400 dogs, mostly for US customers, ever since it pioneered the technique in 2005. Now, Sooam Biotech has introduced its business to UK dog owners as well, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.
To clone a dog, researchers first need to take a skin cell from a living dog or one that has just died. Meanwhile, another dog is selected to supply an egg. Researchers then replace the DNA in the egg with that from the skin cell and implant the egg into the womb (子宫) of a female dog. The egg grows into a puppy over the following two months.
The whole process takes less than a day, but it comes at a shockingly high price — around ￡ 63,000. But if you can't afford it now, you can also save the cell in a laboratory and access it at a later date.
However, magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect copy of the original one. Just like identical twins of humans, they share the exactly same DNA but there will still be small differences between them. “The spots on a Dalmatian (斑点狗) clone will be different, for example，” Insung Hwang, head of Sooam Biotech, told The Guardian.
Dog owners will also have to accept the fact that personality is not “cloneable”. Apart from genes, personality is also determined by upbringing and environment, which are both random elements that cloning technologies simply cannot overcome, Professor Tom Kirkwood at Newcastle University, UK, told The Telegraph.
Perhaps bringing our dogs back by cloning is not the best way to remember them after all. Kirkwood, a dog owner himself, pointed out, “An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”
体裁：说明文 题材：科技 主题：克隆狗 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了克隆狗技术。 【难句分析】 Apart from genes, personality is also determined by upbringing and environment, which are both random elements that cloning technologies simply cannot overcome,
Professor Tom Kirkwood at Newcastle University, UK, told The Telegraph.
分析：which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词upbringing and environment; 其中，that引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词random elements。
译文：英国纽卡斯尔大学的教授Tom Kirkwood告诉《电讯报》，除了基因外，个性也是由抚育和环境所决定的，两者都有随意性，是克隆技术所不能克服的。
5．What service does Sooam Biotech Research Foundation offer?
A．Making copies of pet dogs. B．Giving pet dogs identical twins.
C．Helping dogs give birth to more puppies. D．Helping dog owners love their dogs more. 答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句“Now, Sooam Biotech has introduced its business to UK dog owners as well, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones”可知，这家公司所提供的服务就是克隆已逝的宠物狗，故选A项。
6．Which order is correct in the dog cloning process?
a．An egg is taken from another dog. b．A skin cell is taken from the pet dog.
c．The egg grows into a puppy in two months. d．The egg is placed in the womb of a female dog.
e．The DNA in the egg is replaced by the DNA from the skin cell.
A．a→d→b→e→c. B．a→e→b→d→c. C．b→a→d→e→c. D．b→a→e→d→c.
答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，实验的第一步是从狗身上提取皮肤细胞，另一只被选择的狗提供一个卵子，将卵子中的DNA替换成皮肤细胞中的DNA
之后，将卵子植入一只母狗的子宫，最后卵子在接下来的两个月中生长为一只小狗，故选D项。
7．What can we learn about dog cloning from the passage? A．It has not been put into practice until recently. B．It is very popular among US and UK pet owners. C．It might not give the owners an exactly same dog.
D．It is very expensive and usually takes half a year to complete.
答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第五段第一句“However, magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect copy of the original one”可知，克隆狗和原来的狗可能并非完全一样，故选C项。
干扰项分析：A项错在这项技术最近才投入使用，这与第二段中提到的“it pioneered the technique in 2005”不符；B项文中没有提及；D项与第四段第一句“The whole process takes less than a day, but it comes at a shockingly high price — around ￡ 63,000”不符，故排除A、B、D三项。
8．What does Kirkwood think of dog cloning? A．He disagrees with it. B．He supports it.
C．He is curious about it. D．He thinks it unbelievable.
答案与解析：A 考查观点态度。根据最后一段Kirkwood说的话“An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go”可知，他认为人类和宠物狗之间的关系的一个重要方面是要接受失去它们的痛苦。由此可推知，Kirkwood并不赞成克隆狗，故选A项。
C
[2019·贵州适应性测试] Almost all calligraphy (书法) lovers agree that writing characters with a brush and ink on straw
paper offers a way to communicate with not only history and culture, but also oneself. But now Chinese character handwriting is under threat from computers and mobile phones.
A college graduate looking for a job was reportedly turned down by a company because he wrote 24 characters incorrectly in a 400-character handwritten resume. A survey by
HorizonKey, covering people from 12 major cities in China, found that nearly one third of those interviewed often experience “character amnesia (遗忘)”， with 94 percent saying this is a problem for them.
The main reason is that most Chinese rely too much on the pinyin-based Chinese language input method, which is replacing
the tradition of writing characters stroke (笔画) by stroke. The software will conveniently choose the right characters according to the context or word frequency, as there are dozens of characters with the same pronunciation in Chinese.
Education is another problem. In college, most homework and papers are printed out, instead of handwritten. And few teachers use chalk and blackboards, with Microsoft's PowerPoint the most-often used software to teach knowledge to students.
The number of electronic devices in the classroom is thought to be another reason why students are easily satisfied with just a poor knowledge of the Chinese language and characters. It is quicker to look up a character in an electronic dictionary, but traditional printed dictionaries offer more detailed information on the usage and meaning of the characters. Students pay more attention to remembering a character's pronunciation, but not the other knowledge related to it, which e-dictionaries rarely
provide.
Another worry is the “pollution” of Chinese characters by Internet language. Young people regard using Internet language as cool and fashionable. After they learn to use these expressions, they automatically include them in their writing.
体裁：说明文 题材：社会文化 主题：汉字书写面临威胁
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，随着电脑上的汉语输入法、办公软件以及电子产品的影响，人们手写汉字的能力在减弱。
【难句分析】 The software will conveniently choose the right characters according to the context or word frequency, as there are
dozens of characters with the same pronunciation in Chinese.
分析：句中“as there are... in Chinese”为as引导的原因状语从句。
译文：这种软件可以根据上下文或词语出现的频率，方便地选择正确的文字，因为在汉语中，有很多文字有相同的发音。 9．With the example of a college graduate, the author shows ________.
A．that practicing can improve writing B．why certain people are poor writers
C．that there are differences in students' writing
D．why Chinese character handwriting is in great danger
答案与解析：D 考查推理判断。根据第一段最后一句可知，汉字书写面临电脑和手机的威胁，而第二段紧接着讲述了一名大学毕业生求职时被一家公司拒绝，因为他在一份400字的手写简历中写错了24个字；接下来的几段说明了汉字书写面临威胁的原因。由此可推知，作者用这个例子是为了阐释汉字书写处在威胁之中的原因，故选D项。
10．By saying “... those interviewed often experience ‘character amnesia (遗忘)’”， the writer means those interviewed ________.
A．are not good at handwriting B．can't write characters accurately C．show no interest in handwriting D．find jobs much more difficultly
答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“character amnesia (遗忘)”“problem”及所举一个大学毕业生书写多个错误汉字的例子可推知，作者在此表达受访者的汉字书写存在问题，故选B项。
11．What phenomenon is described in Paragraph 5? A．Dependence on electronic devices.
B．Advantages of electronic dictionaries. C．Mastery of knowledge of the characters. D．Disadvantages of published dictionaries.
答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“The number of electronic devices in the classroom is thought to be another reason... to look up a character in an electronic dictionary”可知，该段描述的是学生对电子产品过于依赖的现象，故选A项。
12．What's the writer's attitude towards the Internet language?
A．Favorable. B．Uncaring. C．Disapproving. D．Friendly.
答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第六段的内容，尤其是第一句中的“pollution”可推知，作者对网络语言的使用持不赞成的态度，故选C项。
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