Unit 11 Scientific achievements教案

Ｉ． 单元教学目标

技能目标Skill Goals ▲ Talk about science and scientific achievements. ▲ Practise expressing intentions and wishes. ▲ Learn about Word Formation (1). ▲ Write a persuasion essay.

II． 目标语言

1. Talk about science and scientists. 2. Practise expressing intentions and wishes: 功 能 句 式 If I got the money, I would... My plan is to.... I hope that.... I want/ wish/hope/intend/plan to... I’d like to... I’m thinking of... 1. 四会词汇 solar, mankind, constitution, man, support, daily, achieve, likely, zone, private, institute, grasp, master, perfect , arrange, rely, failure, valley, base, mark, agency, organ, forward, breakthrough, march, aim, announce, evolution, battle 词 汇 2. 认读词汇 giant, leap, Watson, Neil Armstrong, Alexander Graham Bell, Ray Tomlinson, eureka, hi-tech, economic, Lenovo, Founder, silicon, rejuvenate, impressive, genome, byte, humanoid, element, strategy 3. 词组 set foot (in), have an effect on, come to life, rely on, put forward, aim at 4． 重点词汇 likely, private, grasp, master, arrange, rely, achieve, breakthrough, announce, battle 语法 重 点 句 子

III． 教材分析与教材重组 1. 教材分析

通过学习了解人类的科学成就，帮助学生认识到这些成就深刻地改变了人类生产和生活的方式及质量，同时也深刻地改变了人类的思维观念和对世界的认识，改变并继续改变着世界的面貌，极大地推动了社会的发展。激发学生学科学，爱科学，把科学知识转化成科技成果，报效祖国, 为祖国的繁荣富强贡献自己的力量。 1.1 WARMING UP 通过讨论一些科学成就，帮助学生认识到这些成就怎样改变了我们生存的世界，对我们又将有什么样的影响以及所有科学成就的共同之处是什么。

1.2 LISTENING是一些科学发明的具体事例。

1.3 SPEAKING是一个任务型教学活动,提供了4个科研项目，让4位同学做为代表发言，通过介绍和辩论，说明自己的项目最重要，从而学会表达自己的意图和愿望。

1.4 PRE-READING是开放性问题，要求学生开动脑筋，勤于思考，小组讨论找出问题的答案。

1.5 READING是关于中关村科技园的介绍。通过学习了解中关村的发展，激发学生的民族自豪感。教育学生要以振兴民族产业为己任，为改变中国这个拥有13亿人口的大国的科技面貌，为由\"中国制造\"向\"中国创造\"迈进而努力学习。 1.6 POST-READING第一个题是5个选择题，目的是训练学生的事实核对能力；第二题是开放性问题,比较中关村——中国的硅谷和美国硅谷的异同，此题可以很好地培养学生自主学习的习惯，还可以训练学生的概括能力，训练学生开放性

1. Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing. 2. Not all the new companies can succeed, but the spirit and creativity they represent are more important than money. Word formation (1) 思维，要求学生学会多角度的去思考问题，更能开阔学生的思路，丰富学生的视野。

1.7 LANGUAGE STUDY 分词汇和语法两部分。其中，Word study 是一个英语释义练习，旨在培养学生的英语思维能力，有助于养成英语思维的习惯。Grammar部分是关于构词法知识的介绍。本单元的语法训练设计是从易到难，呈阶梯状，由构词法知识介绍到篇章中的猜词义练习，设计得非常科学，可操作性强。 1.8 INTEGRATING SKILLS中的Reading介绍了近十几年来中国在不同领域取得的一些重大成就。WRITING部分要求学生给《现代科学》（Modern Science）杂志写一篇关于最伟大科学成就的文章，说明原因并且解释为什么认为它是最伟大的。

1.9 TIPS 介绍了怎样写persuasion essay。 2. 教材重组

2.1 将GRAMMAR与WORKBOOK中的语法练习题整合在一起上一节\"语法课\"。

2.2 把WARMING UP 作为SPEAKING的热身练习，将WARMING UP与SPEAKING整合在一起，通过谈论科学成就，讨论最重要的科学成就，练习表达自己的观点和愿望，上一节\"口语课\"。

2.3 将LISTENING 和 WORKBOOK 的LISTENING 整合在一起，上一节\"听力课\"。

2.4 把PRE-READING, READING 和POST-READING 放在一起上一节\"阅读课\"。

2.5 将INTEGRATING SKILLS 设计为一节\"综合实践课（一）\"。

2.6 将WORKBOOK 的INTEGRATING SKILLS设计为一节\"综合实践课（二）\"。

3. 课型设计与课时分配（经教材分析，本单元可以用6课时教完） 1st Period

Grammar

2nd Period Warming up & Speaking

Listening

3rd Period

4th Period Reading

5th Period Integrating Skills (1)

6th Period Integrating Skills (2)

IV. 分课时教案

The First Period Grammar

Teaching goals 教学目标 1. Target language目标语言

Learn the Grammar——Word formation (I) 2. Ability goals能力目标

Study the ways of forming a word and enlarge students’ vocabulary. 3. Learning ability goals学能目标

Enable students to use context clues and what they know about word parts to guess the meaning of new words. Teaching important points教学重点 The ways of forming a word. Teaching difficult points 教学难点 How to guess the meaning of a new word. Teaching methods教学方法 a. Explaining; b. practising.

Teaching aids教具准备 Aprojector and a computer.

Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式

Step I Leading in

T: Good morning, class! Ss: Good morning, Mr/Ms...

T: In this class, we are going to start Unit 11 Scientific achievements. Now pay

attention to the two words. Will you please tell me how the two words are formed? S1: \"Scientific\"is the adjective form of\" Science\". S2: \"Achievement\" is the noun form of \"achieve\".

T: Observe them carefully, can you explain how they are formed? S3: \" Science\" is a noun, if we add - fic to it, then we get its adjective. S4: \"achieve\" is a verb. If we add - ment to it, we get its noun.

T: Excellent! That is how the two words are formed. The basic part of any word is the root; to it, you can add a prefix at the beginning and/or a suffix at the end to change the meaning. For example, in the word \"unflatteringhe root is simply \"flatter\while the prefix \"un-\" makes the word negative, and the suffix \"-ing\" changes it from a verb into an adjective (specifically, a participle). This is the grammar we are going to learn in this class.

Show Word Formation on the Powerpoint.

Step II Grammar

Ask students to observe the given words carefully and find out how words are formed. T: How do learners improve their vocabulary? There are no super shortcuts to vocabulary, but there are various forms of support. Here is one example. Please look at the following words and tell how they are formed. Show the following words on the Powerpoint.

affix infix prefix suffix

T: What do these words (nouns) have in common? Ss: All of them contain the root \"fix\".

T: Well, they do have a number of things in common. Let’s settle for the most obvious, the ‘fix’ at the end. So if we split them, this is what we get

af + fix

in + fix pre + fix suf + fix

These will be shown on the Powerpoint T: What does ‘fix’ mean?

Ss: Fix means attach to, fasten, stick, glue.

T: What about ‘af ’, ‘in’, ‘pre’, ‘suf’? ‘in’ and ‘pre’ are understandable, aren’t they? ‘in’ a room, ‘in’ a sentence, ‘in’ a word. ‘pre’ means before, like in pre-war, pre-school, premature. So what do infix and prefix actually mean? infix, to attach something inside (a word). prefix, to attach something at the beginning of (a word). What about ‘af’ and ‘suf’? That’s a bit more difficult to explain. ‘af’ is actually from the Latin word ‘ad’, and the meaning is the same as the English word ‘add’. Add 4 and 5 and you get 9. ‘suf’ is the Latin word ‘sub’, like in submarine, subway, suburb. The meaning is under, after (outside). Why have the d in ‘ad’ and the b in ‘sub’ changed into f? The reason is quite simple. ‘adfix’ and ‘subfix’ are difficult to pronounce. So what do affix and suffix actually mean?

Ss: affix - to attach something to (a word). suffix -to attach something at the end of (a word).

T: We have now fixed the fixes, haven’t we? affix, something you add (stick) to a word.

There are three kinds of affixes: added inside the word - infix

added at the beginning of the word - prefix added at the end of the word - suffix Ss: What’s this good for then?

T: Well, there are thousands of words with prefixes and suffixes. The infixes are fewer and less useful to you. The English vocabulary basically consists of words of Latin and Germanic origin. There are prefixes in both groups. If you know the basic meaning of a prefix or a suffix you can often ‘guess’ the meaning of an English word.

There are a limited number of Latin prefixes and suffixes. If you learn the meaning of them, and learn to recognize them in English words, you will increase your vocabulary much faster.

Here are some of the most common Latin prefixes (for the meanings of the Latin roots, look up the words): (Show the following on the Powerpoint.) ab (away) abstain, absent, absolve

ad (to) adverb, advertisement, advance, adjoin

in /il-/im-/ir- (not) incapable, indecisive, intolerable, illegal, impossible, irregular inter (between, among) international, interaction interdependent, interprovincial pre (before) prerecorded, preface prefer post (after) postpone, postscript, postwar

sub (under, not quite) subsoil, subscription, suspect ,subway, subnormal trans (across, to a changed state) transfer, transit, translate, transport, transform

Step III Practice

T: Are you ready for some exercises? Open your books and look at Page 6. Let’s do the exercises. Let’s do Exercise 1 first. How are these words formed? (Or show the following words on the Powerpoint).

international= inter-+national telephone= tele-+phone mankind= man+kind broadband= broad+band extremely= extreme+-ly manned= man+ -ed hi-tech= high+technology email= electronic mail IT= information technology CSA= Chinese Space Agency

S1: I think international and telephone are formed in the same way. We add prefix

inter- to national and tele- to phone. T: Good! What about the others?

S2: Mankind and broadband are formed in the same way. Each is made up of two words.

S3: Extremely and manned are formed by adding a suffix.

S4: Hi-tech is the shortened form of high technology and e-mail is the shortened form of electronic mail.

S5: IT stands for information technology. We use the first letters of the two words to form a new one. We use the first letters of Chinese Space Agency to form the word CSA.

T: Well done. So we know that words are formed in these ways. When you come across a new word, you can easily guess the meaning. Ok, let’s come to Exercise2. Deal with the rest of exercises in the same way.

Step IV Workbook

Ask students to do Exercise 1, Exercise 2 and Exercise 4 individually. Five minutes later check the answers with the whole class. After dealing with the three exercises, go on with Exercise 5. Help students to find the grammar rules.

T: OK, let’s come to Exercise 5. After you write out the noun form of the three group adjectives, what conclusion can you get?

S1: The first group adjectives end in the letter \"-t\while their noun form ends in \"-ce\".

S2: The noun form of the second group ends in \"-ness.\" S3: The noun form of the third group ends in \"-ity\".

T: Good! After you find the grammar rules, you can easily identify the part of speech of a new word. It is of great help in your English learning. Ok, remember to finish Exercise 3 after class.

Step V Word formation exercises

If there isn’t enough time, please print it out and give the handouts to students as homework.

T: I’m very glad you’ve done the exercises quite well. Would you like to try some difficult ones?

Now look at the following exercises. You are given 8 minutes. Then we will check the answers together. If you have any difficulty, you may work with your partner or refer to a dictionary.(Show the following exercises on the Powerpoint.)

Use the word at the end of each gap to form a new word with which to fill in the gap. While doing this exercise, look for clues which tell you what kind of word is missing (adjective, noun, verb, and adverb). Make sure to take into consideration forms using various prefixes and suffixes, as well as negative forms. EXERCISE # 1

This text was taken from \"The Picture of Dorian Gray \" by Oscar Wilde

In the centre of the room, clamped to an upright easel, stood the full-length portrait of a young man of _____(ORDINARY) personal beauty, and in front of it, some little _____(DISTANT) away, was sitting the artist himself, Basil Hallward, whose sudden _____(APPEAR) some years ago caused, at the time, such public ______ (EXCITE), and gave rise to so many strange conjectures. As the painter looked at the ______ (GRACE) and comely form he had so _______(SKILL) mirrored in his art, a smile of ______ (PLEASE) passed across his face, and seemed about to linger there. But he ______(SUDDEN) started up with his eyes closed and placed his fingers upon the lids, as though he sought to _______(PRISON) within his brain some curious dream from which he feared he might ______(WAKE). EXERCISE # 2

This text was taken from \"The Time Machine\H (Herbert) G (George) Wells

It is simply this. That Space, as our ______(MATHS) have it, is spoken of as having three dimensions, which one

may call ______(LONG), breadth, and

_______(THICK), and is always definable by _______(REFER) to three planes, each

at right angles to the others. But some philosophical people have been asking why THREE dimensions _______ (PARTICULAR) --why not another direction at right angles to the other three?--and have even tried to construct a Four-Dimension geometry. Professor Simon Newcomb was expounding this to the New York Mathematical Society only a month or so ago. You know how on a flat surface, which has only two dimensions, we can represent a figure of a three-______ (DIMENSION) solid, and ______(SIMILAR) they think that by models of three dimensions they could represent one of four——if they could master the _______(PERCEIVE) of the thing. See?

Keys to EXERCISE # 1

Extraordinary, distance, disappearance, excitement, gracious, skillfully, pleasure, suddenly, imprison, awake Keys to EXERCISE # 2

Mathematicians, Length, Thickness, reference, particularly, dimension, similarly, perceptive

Eight minutes later check the answers.

Show the answers on the Powerpoint so that students can have a better understanding of word formation.

T: After doing theses exercises, I’m sure you have a better understanding on word formation. I hope this will help you to improve your vocabulary. When you come across a new word, try to guess its meaning in this way. Good luck to you! Today’s homework, finish all of the Vocabulary and Grammar exercises on the workbook. That’s all for today.

Step VI Homework:

Finish all of the Vocabulary and Grammar exercises on the workbook. Learn vocabulary on scientific achievements.

The Second Period Warming up & Speaking

Teaching goals 教学目标 1. Target Language目标语言 a. 重点词汇和短语

solar, mankind, energy, breakthrough, organ b. 交际用语

Practice expressing intentions and wishes. If I got the money, I would... My plan is to... I hope that...

I want/ wish/hope/intend/plan to... I’d like to... I’m thinking of... 2. Ability goals能力目标

Enable students to talk about scientific achievements. Help them learn to express intentions and wishes.

3. Learning ability goals学能目标

Talk about great scientific achievements that have changed the world. Practise expressing intentions and wishes by talking about which scientific project is the most important.

Teaching important points教学重点

Talk about great scientific achievements. Learn the patterns used to express intentions and wishes.

Teaching difficult points 教学难点 How to express intentions and wishes. Teaching methods 教学方法 a. Group work;

b. Discussing (cooperative learning). Teaching aids 教具准备

A tape recorder, a projector and a computer.

Teaching procedures & ways 过程与方式

Step I Revision

Check the homework. Check the answers of vocabulary on the workbook with the whole class. Check the answers of Exercise 3 on Page 84 with the whole class. Ask some students to name some great achievements.

Step II Warming up

Show the photos of some great scientific achievements that have changed the world on the Powerpoint. Divide students into groups and ask them to discuss which one is the most important and what these achievements have in common. (The exercises in warming up on Page 1). Students may have different opinions. The most important thing is to encourage them to think and express their opinions.

T: Please look at these great achievements and work in groups and discuss the following questions. You may have different answers. But you will have to tell us your reasons. (Show the following questions on the Powerpoint.)

1. Among the great scientific achievements that have changed the world, which one do you think is the most important? Why?

2. What are some other scientific achievements that you think are important? 3. Do these achievements have anything in common? If so, what? Five minutes later ask some students to speak out their opinions. T: Ok. Please stop here. I’d like to listen to your opinions.

S1: I think electricity is the most important. The modern world cannot work without electricity. Electricity has changed our way of life. This summer in some areas there wasn’t enough electric power, so some factories had to close and people had a lot of problems in life.

S2: In my opinion the most important is radio and television. Radio and television have changed the way we look at the world.

S3: That’s true. But I still think the most important is solar energy. Because by using solar energy, we can save other energy resources. And what’s more we can protect our

environment. „„

T: Good! Do these achievements have anything in common? Ss: These great achievements have changed the world. S8: And all these great achievements were made by westerners/foreigners.

T: That’s true. My dear students, please think that

thousands of years ago our ancestors made 4 great inventions that changed the world. We are proud of them. But among the recent 75 greatest achievements, none was achieved by Chinese. So I hope you study hard and make great scientific achievements. I will be very proud of you. Every Chinese will be proud of you.

Step III Speaking

T: Ok. Suppose we are in the year of 2015. You are scientists. You are working on different projects. All of you need money and want to get money to complete your project. You will introduce your project and explain why it is the most important. One member will listen to all the scientists and ask questions. At the end of the discussion, he or she must decide who will get the money and why. Now turn your books to Page 2, look at the Speaking part and work in groups of five. Please don’t forget the useful expressions. You are given five minutes to do it. Then I will ask some groups to act it out.

Show the useful expressions on the Powerpoint. If I got the money, I would... My plan is to... I hope that...

I want/ wish/hope/intend/plan to... I’d like to... I’m thinking of...

Five minutes later, some students are asked to act it out. Sample of the speaking:

Official: I know all of you have your own reasons. Now I’d like each of you to state your reasons and answer my questions truthfully, so that I can decide who will get the money.

Dr Wilson: Ok. I’ll speak first. Our team is working on a cure for AIDS. As everyone knows, this is an issue for everyone. AIDS as a disease is not only affecting minority groups - gay men, drug users and prostitutes. The latest figures from the World Health Authority and UNAIDS show that HIV infection is now the fastest-growing serious health condition in many countries around the globe, where women are particularly at risk of becoming HIV-positive. It’s clearly no longer the ‘minority’ disease it once was. I hope to find a cure as soon as possible. So our research is extremely important. Official: We’ve spent a lot of money on many programs which help people fight AIDS in poor countries.

Dr Wilson: That’s true. But our research is to find a cure for this deadly disease. If we got the money, we would do more experiments and find a solution sooner. Then we would save thousands of lives.

Official: OK. Let’s listen to what Dr Jones will say.

Dr Jones: Our research project is about cloning and how to use the new technology to cure disease. The main reason to clone plants or animals is to mass produce organisms with desired qualities. Other reasons for cloning include replacing lost family pets and repopulating endangered or even extinct species. And we are thinking of using the new technology to cure diseases. Official: Could you give us an example?

Dr Jones: The number of pandas is becoming smaller and smaller. Even though the Chinese government has been trying hard to provide pandas a suitable environment, the number remains small. If we find a way to clone pandas, they won’t die out. We can help to keep the balance of the world. So I think our group should get the money. Official: Ok. I think it’s Dr Smith’s turn.

Dr Smith: Without water, man cannot live. Water is very important to us. But many areas are short of water. In some places, people cannot have enough drinking water. So I want to develop new technology that will make it possible to grow food in areas

where there is very little water. This new technology would help us save the natural resources.

Official: How are your experiments going?

Dr Smith: The experiments are going as expected, but at present we are short of money. I need your support.

Official: Let’s listen to Dr Winfrey’s explanation about his project.

Dr Winfrey: Once the moon has been reached, Mars seems the next obvious destination. We are working on sending a manned spaceship to Mars. It would be very difficult for one country to carry out such a program. A mission to Mars would require funding.

Official: Neil Armstrong’s \"One giant step for mankind\" defined a generation. The project is very interesting and I am not turning it down. I support it, and it should be further developed. The money goes to Dr Winfrey’s group. Congratulations! Dr Winfrey: Thanks. You will be proud of us.

T: Well done. Many of you can express intensions and wishes very well. After class please practice these useful expressions more often.

Step IV Workbook

Ask students to do the Talking on Page 81.

T: Please work in pairs, imagine you are a reporter who is going to interview a famous person about his or her achievements. Take turns acting as interviewer and interviewee. Use the role cards below to prepare the interviews. You can interview Yang Liwei, Li Siguang or some other famous person. Please prepare your questions and answers carefully. Five minutes later I’ll ask some pairs to act it out.

Step V Homework

Surf on the internet or use the library to find some information of Neil Armstrong, Alexander G Bell, Ray Tomlinson and more about scientific achievements in groups.

The Third Period Listening

Teaching goals 教学目标 1. Target Language目标语言

constitution, Neil Armstrong, Alexander G Bell, Ray Tomlinson, eureka 2. Aility goals 能力目标

Introduce some great scientists and their achievements to students by doing some listening exercises.

3. Learning ability goals学能目标

By listening to the introduction of some scientists and their achievements help students learn more about scientific achievements. Improve their listening ability by doing listening exercises.

Teaching important points教学重点

Listen to materials about some great scientists and their achievements. Teaching difficult points教学难点 How to improve their listening ability. Teaching methods教学方法 a. Listening; b. speaking; c. discussing

Teaching aids 教具准备

A tape recorder, a projector and a computer. Teaching procedures & ways 过程与方式

Step I Revision Check the homework.

Ask some students to express their intensions and wishes using the patterns learned in this unit.

Ask students to say more about scientific achievements.

Step II Warming up

After talking about some great scientific achievements, show the pictures of Neil Armstrong, Alexander G Bell, Ray Tomlinson. Ask students to say something about the three great men.

T: Do you know anything about Neil Armstrong？ S1: He is the first man to land on the moon. T: Good! What about Alexander G Bell? S2: He was the inventor of telephone. S3: Ray Tomlinson invented e-mail.

T: Quite good! Now let’s listen to some materials about them and then finish the exercises on Page 2. Step III Listening Part 1

Play the tape for students to listen and give students several minutes to finish the exercises. If students have any difficulty in listening, explain the difficult points and play the tape again if necessary. Then check the answers with the whole class. T: Well done! I would like to learn more about Neil Armstrong, Alexander G Bell and Ray Tomlinson. Which group will introduce Neil Armstrong to us? S1: Our group has found something about Neil Armstrong.

T: Good. Please introduce something to us. Let’s read together. (Show the following on the Powerpoint)

In 1969, Neil Armstrong made history by becoming the first man to walk on the moon, uttering the immortal phrase, \"One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.\" NAME: Neil A. Armstrong NASA Astronaut (former)

PERSONAL DATA: Born August 5, 1930 in Wapakoneta, Ohio. Married. Two sons. EDUCATION: Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from Purdue University; Master of Science degree in aerospace engineering from University of

Southern California. He holds honorary doctorates from a number of universities. SPECIAL HONORS: He is the recipient of many special honors, including the Presidential Medal for Freedom in 1969; the Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy in 1970; the Robert J. Collier Trophy in 1969; and the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, 1978.

EXPERIENCE: From 1949 to 1952, he served as a naval aviator; he flew 78 combat missions during the Korean War. During 1971-1979, Armstrong was professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Cincinnati, where he was involved in both teaching and research. Currently serves as Chairman, AIL Systems, Inc. Deer Park, N.Y.

NASA EXPERIENCE: Armstrong joined NACA, (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics), NASA’s predecessor, as a research pilot at the Lewis Laboratory in Cleveland and later transferred to the NACA High Speed Flight Station at Edwards AFB, California. He was a project pilot on many pioneering high speed aircraft, including the 4,000 mph X-15. He has flown over 200 different models of aircraft, including jets, rockets, helicopters and gliders.

In 1962, Armstrong was transferred to astronaut status. He served as command pilot for the Gemini 8 mission, launched March 16, 1966, and performed the first successful docking of two vehicles in space.

In 1969, Armstrong was commander of Apollo 11, the first manned lunar landing mission, and gained the distinction of being the first man to land a craft on the Moon and the first man to step on its surface.

Armstrong subsequently held the position of Deputy Association Administrator for Aeronautics, NASA Headquarters Office of Advanced Research and Technology, from 1970 to 1971. He resigned from NASA in 1971.

As a young man, Alexander Graham Bell taught deaf students in schools and universities and tutored them privately to help them communicate. He was trained in this work by his parents.

In 1862, Bell enrolled as a \"student teacher\" at a boy’s school near Edinburgh, Scotland. There he taught music and elocution in exchange for instruction in other subjects. Later, he became a full-time teacher, using Visible Speech in teaching a class of deaf children. In April, 1871, Bell went to Massachusetts, where he met with great success.

As a teacher of the deaf, Bell was determined to help deaf people speak, so that they

could take part in the speaking world, rather than be isolated and alone. To do this, he tried to find a way to make sound visible. Bell got his idea for making sound visible from his knowledge of how the ear hears.

Ray Tomlinson-Inventor of Email

Email has become one of the most commonly used forms of communication, yet its invention passed with little note. Unlike some other communications breakthroughs, like the telegram or phone, nobody thought that email would grow as big as it has. Even the inventor of email, Ray Tomlinson, didn’t know he was creating something important. But despite its humble beginnings, email has become an important part of our world. Whether it is used by a business for important messages, or by a disabled person simply to communicate, email is definitely here to stay.

After learning something more about the great people, go on dealing with the rest of listening exercises. Part 2

Play the tape for students to listen and give students several minutes to finish the exercises. If students have any difficulty in listening, explain the difficult points and play the tape again where necessary. Then check the answers with the whole class. Part 3

Students are encouraged to think creatively and give different answers.

Step IV Workbook

Deal with the listening exercises on workbook.

Before listening to the materials, ask students to say something about Yang Liwei. T: On October 15, 2003 China sent its first manned spaceship to space. Who is the first astronaut?

Ss: Yang Liwei.

T: What do you know about him and his mission? S1: He was born in 1965 in Liaoning Province. S2: He is 168cm tall. T: Anything else? Ss: Sorry...

T: OK. Now let’s listen to the tape and you will learn more about him and his mission. Then play the tape for students to listen. If necessary, play the tape again so that the students will finish the exercises without difficulty. Check the answers with the whole class.

V Homework

Remember the three great men and their achievements.Learn words and expressions in the text.

The Fourth Period Reading

Teaching goals 教学目标 1. Target Language目标语言 a. 重点词汇和短语

likely zone, private, grasp, master, perfect, arrange, rely, failure, locate, valley, set foot in, rely on b. 重点句型

1． Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing.

2. Not all the new companies can succeed, but the spirit and creativity they represent are more important than money. 2. Aility goals 能力目标

Learn about the development of Zhongguancun and great achievements China has made in recent years. Encourage students to become interested in hi-tech. 3. Learning ability goals学能目标

Students are divided into different groups. Each group will be assigned different tasks. They are asked to collect Zhongguancun’s information from different resources outside of class. Each group member should be involved. Through these activities students should learn to be involved, co-operate and solve problems. Teaching important points教学重点

The development of Zhongguancun and great achievements China has made in recent years.

Teaching difficult points教学难点

How to analyze the text and grasp the main idea of the text. Teaching methods教学方法 a. Listening b. reading c. discussing

Teaching aids 教具准备

A tape recorder, a projector and a computer. Teaching procedures & ways 过程与方式

Step I Revision Check the homework.

Go over the three great names Neil Armstrong, Alexander G Bell, Ray Tomlinson and how they changed the world.

Ask some students to read words and expressions in Unit 11.

Step II Pre-reading

Deal with the questions in the pre-reading part.

T: Good! In this class we are going to learn about the development of Zhongguancun. First I’d like to make a survey. If you wanted to do research or start a hi-tech company, what kind of support and environment would you need? S1: I think I will need support from academies of science.

S2: I think I will need support from the government, i.e. special policy to support my company.

S3: In my opinion, competition will help companies develop very fast. So I will set up my company in a science and technology center. S4: ... ...

T: Good! Why are scientific achievements important? How do they improve our life? How do they improve society?

S8: Scientific achievements can improve our life and change the world. For example before areoplanes and cars were invented, it took years to travel around the world. Now it is very convenient for people to travel.

S9: Scientific achievements make our life colorful. Scientific achievements make life more comfortable.

S10: Scientific achievements change our way of life. We are living a life quite different from our ancestors’.

S11: Scientific achievements also change our way of thinking. ...

T: So scientific achievements are very important. Why do scientists spend so much time trying to achieve something?

S15: Because they like to do something valuable. S16: They can turn their wishes into reality.

S17: They are doing something to strengthen the social development.

T: They are very great. I hope you study hard and in future you will make some scientific achievements to benefit the world.

Step III Warming up

Help students to learn something about the symbol of Zhongguancun.

T: Now look at the picture. (Show the picture of the statue in Zhongguancun on the Powerpiont.) Do you know where it is? It is a statue of a DNA molecule. It is the symbol of the Zhongguancun Scientific and Technological Garden. In this class we are going to learn something about Zhongguancun.

Step IV Reading Deal with the reading part. Scanning

Ask the students to scan the text and find the information about Zhongguancun. Then fill the information in the form. It is not necessary to write in whole sentences. Key words will do. Students will finish the task independently and then they will compare their notes with their group members.

T: First I’d like you to do the scanning and then finish the form with the information you get from the text. You don’t need to write in sentences. Key words are OK. After you finish, please compare your notes with the other group members. (Show the form on the Powerpoint.)

Several minutes later, students compare their information with each other in groups. Then show the following form on the Powerpoint.

T: From this form we can have a clear image of Zhongguancun. Let’s come to the post

reading questions. Skimming

Ask students to skim the text and then finish the post-reading questions.

T: Look at the post reading questions first. Then skim the text to find the answers. Then check the answers with the whole class. Sum up the main idea of each part.

Ask the students to read through the text and grasp the main idea of the text. Before giving students the answers, ask them to discuss first.

In this procedure, students should sum up the main ideas by themselves first, then discuss with group members. (Cooperative learning)

T: Now let’s sum up the main idea of each part. While reading, please think carefully and decide how many parts the text should be divided into.

After reading the text, Ss will think carefully and then they will discuss with their group members. Then some spokesmen will stand up and speak out their opinions. T: OK. I’m glad you have thought actively and had a heated discussion. Let’s look at the suggested answers.

(Show the suggested answers on the Powerpoint.) The main idea of each part Part1 (Paragraph1-2)

General introduction of Zhongguancun. Part2 (Paragraph 3-7)

Why Zhongguancun attracts more and more overseas Chinese. Part3 (Paragraph 8-9)

The positive effect Zhongguancun has had on both business and science & the spirit of Zhongguancun.

T: I hope you will remember the spirit of Zhongguancun. I hope it will encourage you to study hard and be the guide of your life.

Step V Explanation

During this procedure teacher will play the tape for students. Students will underline the difficult sentences. After listening to the tape, teacher will explain the text and deal with language problems.

T: We have learned the main ideas of the text. This time we will deal with some difficult language focuses. Now I will play the tape for you. Please make a mark where you have difficulties.

After listening to the tape, explain the difficult sentences to students. Before explaining the difficult points, students are asked to refer to the notes to the text. T: Do you have any difficulties with the text？

S1: In the first sentence ‘Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing.’ Can I replace \"likely\" with \"possible\"?

T: Yes, you can. It is the same. We can say \"It is possible that something will happen. But when we say \"Somebody is likely to do sth \"or \"Something is likely to happen.\" E.g. The train is likely to be late.

She is not likely to come next month.

S2: In the last paragraph the second sentence \"Not all the new companies can succeed\\"none\"?

T: No, \"not all\" means \"some\". Do you have any other questions? Ss: No.

T: Today’s homework: Surf on the internet and find more about Chen Chunxian and Zhongguancun. That’s all for today.

Step VI Homework

Surf on the internet and find more about Chen Chunxian and Zhongguancun.

The Fifth Period Lntegrating Skills (I)

Teaching goals教学目标 1. Target language目标语言 a. 重点词汇和短语

boom, rejuvenating, impressive, genetic, genome, byte, broadband, humanoid, put forward b. 重点句型

In 1995, the Chinese government put forward a plan for \"rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education\". 2. Ability Goals 能力目标

Help students to learn about scientific achievements in different fields made by Chinese.

3. Learning Ability Goals 学能目标

After learning about scientific achievements, students should realize scientific achievements rely on science and education and knowledge will help them to achieve their goals.

Teaching important points教学重点

a. Help students to learn about scientific achievements in different fields made by Chinese.

b. Help students to realize scientific achievements rely on science and education and knowledge will help them to achieve their goals. c. Writing: Write a persuasion essay. Teaching difficult points 教学难点 How to write a persuasion essay. Teaching methods教学方法 Task-based teaching method. Teaching aids教具准备

A recorder, a projector and a computer. Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式

Step I Revision

Check the homework.

T: Yesterday I asked you to find more about Chen Chunxian and Zhongguancun. Have you done your homework?

S1: Chen Chunxian was called Father of \"China’s Silicon Valley\". He died on August 9, 2004 in Beijing.

S2: He was China’s Silicon Pioneer, but he had had many failures.

S3: He is publicly recognized as the first mover in China’s IT industries in the 1980s. He was born in 1934. In 1953, he entered the University of Moscow to study physics. At this time, it was the heyday of Russian research and development. Sputnik, the first satellite, was launched in 1957. After he finished his degree in 1958, he started his career as a researcher at the Institute of Physics in the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), the most preeminent research institute in China.

S4: Chen Chunxian, along with 10 fellow CAS scientists took academic tours to the America, soon after the Open Door Policy was established in 1978.

S5: In 1980 he started up the Advanced Technology Service Department, a technology-consulting firm in the Zhongguancun area of Beijing, with 15 staff members from CAS. Many scientists and researchers followed Chen’s example in the early 1980s „„

T： I’m glad to share your information. You’ve done very well. Here’s a piece of news on his death. Please read it.

(Show the following on the Powerpoint.) Father of \"China’s Silicon Valley\" Dies

Chinese scientist Chen Chunxian, founder of Beijing’s Zhongguancun hi-tech area, has passed away at the age of 70.

The physicist died Monday morning. He made his last contribution to society by donating his corneas to a medical institution.

In 1980, 46-year-old Chen Chunxian tabled the proposal of building Zhongguancun into China’s \"Silicon Valley\". He left Chinese Academy of Sciences the same year to establish the first private scientific institution in the country, the precursor of China’s

hi-tech enterprises.

Chen Chunxian’s efforts to develop China’s hi-tech industry have given him the name \"father of Zhongguancun\". (CRI August 11, 2004)

Step II Warming up

T: Though he had many failures, his spirit inspires thousands of people to work hard to build a new future. Just as a motto says: \"Encouraging pioneering work and accepting failure\great scientific achievements are the results of years of failures, years of trying to create something that has never existed before. Now let’s look at the great achievements we Chinese have made in different fields.

Step III Integrating skills

Students are requested to look through the text in the given time and then finish the exercise on Page 8. Students are given several minutes to discuss their answers with their group members. Several minutes later, check the answers with the whole class. T: Look through the text on page 7 quickly and then finish the exercise on page 8. Eight minutes later we will check the answers together. Suggested answers:

After finishing the exercises, play the tape for students.

Step V Writing

T: Now let’s come to Writing. First read the tips. Then finish writing an essay for the magazine Modern Science.

After the brief introduction, students will discuss in groups. Then they will write an outline by themselves. Students will finish the writing outside class. After every student finishes his writing, their work will be collected and on display. Step VI Homework Finish writing your essay.

The Sixth Period Integrating Skills (II)

Teaching goals教学目标 1. Ability goals 能力目标

a. Human history is divided into times periods named after the latest technology. b. Each time period is shaped by the latest and most advanced technology. 2. Learning ability goals学能目标

After learning the connection between science and society, students should realize technology helps the wheel of scientific development turning and the new technology always changes our life and the way we understand the world and ourselves. Teaching important points教学重点

Help students to learn about the relationship between technology and the development of society.

Writing: Write a short biography of Yang Liwei. Teaching difficult points 教学难点 How to improve students’ reading speed. Teaching methods教学方法 Task-based teaching method. Teaching aids教具准备

A recorder, a projector and a computer. Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式

Step I Revision

Check the homework. Show two copies of students’ homework on the slide. And the whole class check them together.

T: Yesterday I asked you to write an essay. Let’s check two copies together.

Step II Leading in

Show some pictures of different time periods. Encourage students to think about the

relationship between technology and the development of the society.

T: Look at the pictures please. Will you please say something about the pictures? S1: In the first picture, a naked man is knocking two rocks. I think he is trying to start a fire.

T: What time period was that?

S2: I think it was the Stone Age. In this way they might get more food and warm themselves.

Deal with the other pictures in the same way.

T: Can you imagine knocking two rocks together can be just as important as sending a man to the moon?

Ss: How can that be possible?

T: Yes, it is. I think you will agree after you read through the article on Page 84. OK, open your books and look at the integrating skills The Age Of Man.

Step III Integrating skills Fast reading

Ask students to read the text fast and then do Exercise 1.

T: Please look through the first exercise on Page 86.Then read the text fast and finish Exercise 1.

After several minutes, check the answers with the whole class. Suggested answers: 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B Careful reading

Play the tape for students to follow and read the text carefully. Then finish the exercises.

T: After listening to the tape, please read the text carefully and discuss the questions in groups. 10 minutes later I will ask you to give the answers. 10 minutes later check the answers with the whole class. Suggested answers:

1. Stone tools helped people to fight with animals and get more food. They even learned to make a fire by knocking two rocks.

Electricity made our life more convenient and more comfortable. With electricity factories had many machines and they didn’t need as many workers as they used to. Cellphones make the world smaller. No matter where you are, you can always find the person wanted with cellphones. Many cellphones have different functions. They make our life colorful and convenient.

2. The new technology and latest advances will bring in new achievements and the new achievements will help develop science.

3. Science has become more important to us over the years. For example computers and the internet bring the whole world together. With Maglev train, which is environmentally friendly, we can travel easily. Main ideas

T: OK, let’s look through the text again and find how the article is organized. Please sum up the main idea of each part. You may discuss with your group members. Suggested answers

Paragraph 1-3 We often divide human history into time periods named after the latest technology of the time. Each time period is shaped by the latest and most advanced technology.

Paragraph 4 It takes time for a new technology to enter everyday life.

Paragraph 5-7 New technologies show the role and importance of scientific achievements in society. And they can strengthen a country and its economy at first. Our ability to understand and use new technology has also developed over years. \"Age\" changes our life and the way we understand the world and ourselves.

Step IV Writing

Ask students to write a short biography of Yang Liwei. Ask students refer to the information onPage 86-87. (If there isn’t enough time, ask students to finish it after class.)

T: Now let’s come to the writing part. Today we are going to write a short biography of our hero——Yang Liwei. I don’t think it is difficult for you, because you are given many key words. I think they are of great help. Please read the materials on Page

86-87. Then you can begin.

Step V Homework

Go over Unit 11 and sum up the phrases in this unit.

附 件

I. 本单元课文注释与疑难解析

1. Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing.无论中国将来会有什么样的伟大成就，很有可能其中很多就诞生在北京的西北部。

1) whatever: conj. regardless of what, no matter what 引导让步装语从句。 E.g. Whatever happens, the first important thing is to keep cool. ( Whatever happens= No matter what happens) 不管发生什么事,头等重要的是保持冷静。

Whatever you do, I won’t tell you my secret. (Whatever you do= No matter what you do )

不管你做什么, 我都不会把我的秘密告诉你。

注意：当whatever 引导名词性从句时， 不可用no matter what 替换, whatever= anything that 。

You may do whatever you want to do. （whatever= anything that） 无论你想做什么事，你都可以做。 Whatever can be done has been done. （Whatever= Anything that） 已经做了能做的一切。 2) likely adj. probable可能的 a. sb be likely to do sth sth be likely to happen b. It is likely that ……

E.g. The train is likely to be late. 这趟火车很可能晚点。

She is not likely to come next month. 她下月很可能不来。

They are likely to become angry with him. 他们可能会对他发怒。

It is very likely that he will not consent. 很可能他不会同意。

like possible probable 意思都含\"可能的\"。 likely 系常用词, 指\"从表面迹象来看很有可能\如:

It is likely that she will ring me tonight. (= She is very likely to ring me tonight.)很有可能她今晚给我打电话。

possible 指\"由于有适当的条件和方法, 某事可能发生或做到\强调\"客观上有可能\但常含有\"实际希望很小\"的意思, 如: It is possible to go to the moon now. 现在有可能登上月球。

probable 语气比 possible 强, 指\"有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物, 带有’大概’、’很可能’\"的意思, 如: I don’t think the story is probable. 我觉得那故事不大可能。

2. In 1995, the Chinese government put forward a plan for \"rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education\" and it has helped Chinese scientists make many breakthroughs.

1995年中国提出\"科教兴国\"的规划，帮助中国科学家取得了许多突破性的成就。

1) put forward a. 提出（意见、建议）

\"In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low.\" \"1860年,一个名叫威廉.娄的英国人提出了一项更好的计划。\"

b. 推荐；提名；推举

“Shall we put Mr Willington forward as the candidate for chairman of the committee?”

“我们提名惠灵顿先生作为委员会的候选人,好吗?” 2) rely（与on, upon连用）依靠；依赖；信任；信赖 rely on one’s own efforts依靠自己的努力 You may rely on me.你可以信赖我。 Rely和depend都含\"信赖\"的意思。

rely 指\"在过去经验的基础上, 依赖、相信某人或某事物, 希望从中得到支持或帮助\如:

He can be -lied on to keep secret. 相信他能保密。

depend 指\"出于信赖而依靠他人或他物, 以取得其支持或帮助, 这种信赖可能有过去的经验或了解为根据, 也可能没有\如: He can depend on his wife for sympathy. 他相信妻子会同情他。

3) breakthrough n..1) 突破，冲破防线 a military breakthrough军事突破 2)突破性的发现，成就

a scientific breakthrough科学成就

Surgeons have made a great breakthrough in the kidney transplantation. 外科医生们在肾移植方面取得了重大突破。

II. 文化背景知识

Ray Tomlinson(born 1941) Inventor of Email

A Conversation with the Inventor of Email

By Sharon Gaudin

Ray Tomlinson gave society one of the greatest communication tools in history. He invented email in 1971 -- essentially fostering global business communication and turning the Internet into a digital kitchen table for far-flung family members.

Email may be his greatest legacy -- if not the toughest project he’s ever worked on. Alexander Graham Bell became a household name -- someone children learn about in school -- because he invented the telephone. But consider that in this high-tech era there are more emails sent every day than telephone calls. That definitely gives Tomlinson his own place in history, if not a life of fame and fortune.

In this Q&A, the man who was honored earlier this year for a lifetime of innovation by Discover magazine says he’s irked by spam and hopes for a technical solution.

Q: What was your vision for email, and has the reality of it lived up to your expectations?

I’m not sure there was a vision there. It was a neat thing to try out. It probably

took four, five, six hours to do. Less than a day spread over a week or two -- when I had a spare moment. The idea was this facility had proved its usefulness sending messages to the same computer. What about when someone was on another computer, maybe across the country? It would be like the telephone but they wouldn’t have to be there to answer the phone.

Q: How many email addresses do you have?

I have three that I use and three that I don’t. They’re three come along for the ride

email addresses that you get from an ISP.

Q: How do you feel about spam and what should be done about it?

I get irked when I get spam. It’s a tough problem and I’d like to see a solution

come along. So far the solutions aren’t working. Either they filter too much or they’re not effective when they should be. They don’t do what humans would do. Why did that email come through? And why didn’t that legitimate one get through? No, I don’t think legislation will work. I hate legislative solutions. It just doesn’t sit well. I’d like to think people have the common sense not to spam, but obviously they don’t. It’s still possible we may have a technological solution for it. I would like to see that. I’m not spending any time on it myself. The other stuff I’m working on now is more interesting. I didn’t have any association with email after the late 70s.

Q: How do you see email evolving? What will it look like 10 years from now?

If it doesn’t get killed off from spam, it probably won’t be a lot different. You

may see it more closely integrated with other forms of communication, though, like instant messaging. Once email is answered, you could continue the conversation more immediately, like with instant messaging. Simultaneous correspondence is a lot better

than a few emails in a few hours. Or maybe you’ll get an email and press a button and make a phone call, not with Verizon, but over the Internet. People would like more seamless interaction between the tools. They don’t like being in a particular mode and having to switch to another. I want to specify what I want to do. I don’t care how it happens. Bandwidth will go up. DSL is becoming more common. Cable modems are more common. Technology there will improve those services.

Q: What do you think of instant messaging?

I don’t use it myself. I got turned off when I installed some browser that insisted

with cluttering my screen up with instant messaging. The closest I’ve come to IM is some chat services. They were not fast enough. They weren’t instant to me. I think people who use it are very happy with it.

Q: What can be done to make email more secure and cut down on the distribution of viruses and worms?

The insecure part of email is not something you can fix with technology. It’s just

convenient. You can have an attachment in an email that does something for you. The attraction with that tempts people to click on an application, and get a virus. Anything you can think of to tag that as a virus is not going to be used. You’d have to have the cooperation of the hacker for that to work. And if your ISP threw away every attachment, that wouldn’t work because email would lose its utility as a communication tool.

Q: Is high-tech research as exciting to you now as it was back in the late 60s and early 70s when you were working on ARPANET and email?

Yeah, the subjects are different. This may be more exciting because there’s so

much happening all at once. We have this wonderful tool - the Internet. That’s when

the first networks were hooked together. It’s just a wonderful resource. Think of ways to hook things together. Think of ways to get information.

Q: Does it bother you that Ray Tomlinson is not a household name despite the contributions you’ve made?

No, it doesn’t bother me. It’s a geek thing. Computer nerds know that I’ve done

this. I’ve gotten emails from individuals who’ve run across this fact. They say, ‘It’s great what you did. Why don’t you do something about spam?’ I’m not a household name. I wouldn’t say it has brought me no fame and fortune, but it’s not what most people think of when you say those words. It’s kind of neat to have people talking about what you did and have people interested in it. It’s not the center of my life.

Q: Was email the biggest thing that you’ve worked on?

I think there were bigger things -- things that took more effort. The workstation

that I designed and built back around 1980 -- that was the biggest single thing I’ve done. It was a two-year effort. And it worked and it was useful. We never tried making a product out of it but it did serve our researchers. It was fun to play around with the super computer design. It didn’t pan out, but it expanded my own knowledge. Everything has been interesting. I can’t single out any one thing.

Q: What else interests you right now?

I read about anything I can get my hands on, from biology to archeology. I see

none of these as something I’ll directly work on, but biological computing is intriguing. And I’m interested in quantum computing too. Chen, China’s silicon pioneer, dead at 70 By Mike Clendenin EE Times

August 11, 2004 (8:00 AM EDT)

TAIPEI, Taiwan - Chen Chunxian, the scientist credited with setting up China’s \"Silicon Valley,\" died Monday (Aug. 9) at the age of 70, according to state media reports.

In 1980, four years after the death of Communist Chinese leader Mao Zedong and

the opening of China, Chen walked away from a coveted position at the national Chinese Academy of Sciences to launch a high-tech development company in the Zhongguancun area of Beijing.

Chen, a Soviet-trained scientist and one of China’s top plasma researchers at the

time, was apparently inspired to set up the firm after a visit to California’s Silicon Valley. Although his company eventually failed, his pioneering effort is credited with helping other tech-minded entrepreneurs.

Sitting on the northwest outskirts of Beijing, Zhongguancun eventually

transformed from a sleepy academic district into a bustling electronics bazaar, with a mélanges of privately funded retail shops driving its growth. In 1988, the city government officially established the Haidian Science Park within the Zhongguancun area and about a decade later the central government created the Zhongguancun High-tech Zone, encompassing about 100 square kilometers and making it Beijing’s largest tech-oriented zone.

Considered the cradle of China’s fables industry, Zhongguancun also houses more

than half of the countries Internet firms and the park administration believes some 6,000 companies - 70 percent of which are tech firms - have offices within its borders. In 2000, the park’s revenue of $14 billion accounted for 60 percent of Beijing’s industrial growth, according to the park administration.

More than a decade after Chen’s pioneering endeavor, the failure of his company

still registered more with Chen then the IT legacy he had been a part of. He was quoted as saying: \"I don’t consider myself a hero. A true hero should be rewarded with success.\"

State media did not report the cause of Chen’s death.

Zhongguancun, China’s Silicon Valley

A statue of a DNA molecule. It is the symbol of the Zhongguancun Scientific and Technological Garden.

The numerals 0 and 1 represent the idea that Zhongguancun will rely on computer technology to develop itself.

The Chinese Academy of Sciences, as well as a dozen famous colleges and

universities, including Beijing and Qinghua Universities are located in Zhongguancun in Beijing’s Haidian District. The area has a dynamic economy that focuses on the knowledge and information industries. The average age of the several hundred thousands of employees in Zhongguancun is about 30; and the area of Zhongguancun is popularly known as the Silicon Valley of China.

Since 1978, when China started to implement the policies of reform and

opening-up, various special economic zones were established, such as the city of Shenzhen in Guangdong Province in the 1980s, the new district of Pudong in the Shanghai Municipality in the 1990s, and Zhongguancun in Beijing in the late 1990’s. It has been forecasted that Zhongguancun will become the leader of China’s hi-tech industry in the 21st century.

Similar to Silicon Valley in the United States, Zhongguancun is a product of the

development of the market economy. Twenty years ago, the Chinese government decided to focus its attention on economic development, and so began the nationwide implementation of reforms. On October 23, 1980, Chen Chunxian, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, founded a technological development service department under the Beijing Society of Plasma Physics in Zhongguancun. It was the first civilian-run scientific and technological institution in the area. By the end of 1986, 100 non-governmental scientific and technological enterprises, specially engaged in the development and marketing of electronic products, were set up along the sides of a street which was later called the Zhongguancun Electronics Street.

An office of a large enterprise in Zhongguancun.

Wang Xuan (second from left) is one of the most famous scientists in Zhongguancun. He has developed the technology of laser photo-typesetting of Chinese characters and has made contributions to the technological revolution of China’s printing industry.

Cultivating Chinese kale for bioengineering research. Bioengineering will become Zhongguancun’s next important area of economic growth.

In order to accelerate its development, the densely populated Zhongguancun Garden designed a new development pattern and established five subsidiary scientific and technological gardens. The Haidian Garden, where the Zhongguancun Electronics Street is located, is responsible for the research and development of hi-tech products. It has set up the 1.8-square-kilometer Shangdi Information Industry Base and the 4-square-kilometer Yongfeng Experiment Base. The other four subsidiaries are the Fengtai Garden, the Changping Garden, the Yizhuang Scientific and Technological

Garden in the southern suburb, and the Electronics Garden in the northeastern suburb.

At present, the Zhongguancun Scientific and Technological Garden has more than

8,000 hi-tech enterprises, over 50 percent of which are IT enterprises. It not only houses large Chinese computer enterprises such as Founder and Legend, but also houses many foreign enterprises. 23 world-famous transnational corporations, 4 of the top 10 international software companies, and 43 of the world’s 500 most powerful enterprises have established their research, development, and production branches in the garden.

The mottoes of the Zhongguancun Garden, including \"Encouraging pioneering

work and accepting failure\" and \"Relying on science, technology, and knowledge to increase economic power\have inspired many people to start their own businesses. Last year, 3,063 enterprises opened up for business in Zhongguancun. Of course, there were some enterprises that soon went out of business due to mismanagement. However, the starting up and closing down of enterprises has helped Zhongguancun strengthen its vitality.

To draw, and then employ professionally trained people is vital to the

development of Zhongguancun’s hi-tech industry. Today, the Zhongguancun Scientific and Technological Garden has 361,000 employees. Of those employees, 5,000 have a doctoral degree, 25,000 have a master’s degree, and 180,000 have a bachelor’s degree.

The Zhongguancun Garden has become an important part of Beijing’s economic

development. Over the past decade, it has maintained an annual economic growth rate of over 30 percent. In 2001, the garden realized a total income of 201.4 billion yuan from technology, industry and commerce, while its total industrial output value reached 128.7 billion yuan.

This garden has seized the opportunities offered by the new technological

revolution. Founder and Legend, the two representative computer enterprises at Zhongguancun, have followed the development of computer technology and have effectively combined scientific and technological innovations with their practical applications. The Zhongguancun Scientific and Technological Garden is also the

birthplace of the filmsetting technology of Chinese characters, the chip for Super Computers, the E-business website, and the standards of international communications information in China.

This year, Zhongguancun has formulated a new plan. According to this plan, by

the end of 2004, the hi-tech industry of the garden will maintain an annual growth rate of over 20 percent and will establish more subsidiary gardens that will concentrate on developing software and life science in order to draw more world-famous enterprises. The Zhongguancun Scientific and Technological Garden aims to become a world-class scientific and technological zone in the years to come.

Hangar One at the US Naval Air Station, Sunnyvale, CA Historic District (Moffet Field),designed to house airship dirigibles, displays the military interest in Santa Clara County as well as the adaptive uses for technology the valley is famous for Photograph by Judith Silva, courtesy of the City of Santa Clara

Silicon Valley is a nickname for the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in northern California, USA. It encompasses the northern part of Santa Clara Valley and adjacent communities in the southern parts of the San Francisco Peninsula and East Bay. It reaches approximately from Menlo Park (on the peninsula) and the Fremont/Newark area in the East Bay down through San Jose, centered roughly on Sunnyvale. The term

The term Silicon Valley was coined by journalist Don C. Hoefler in 1971. Silicon

refers to the high concentration of semiconductor and computer-related industries in the area; Valley refers to the Santa Clara Valley.

The term may also be applied to surrounding areas on both sides of San Francisco Bay into which many of these industries have expanded.

For many years in the 1970s and 1980s it was also incorrectly called Silicone Valley, mostly by journalists, before the name became commonplace in American culture. History

The location of the high tech industry in the valley was due largely to two men, William Shockley and Frederick Terman.

Terman, a professor at Stanford University, decided that a vast area of unused

Stanford land was perfect for real-estate development, and set up a program to encourage students to stay in the area by finding them venture capital. One of the major success stories of the program was that it convinced two students to stay in the area, William Hewlett and David Packard. Hewlett-Packard would go on to be one of the first \"high tech\" firms in the area that were not directly related to NASA or the US Navy.

In 1951 the program was again expanded with the creation of the Stanford

Industrial Park, a series of small industrial buildings that were rented out at very low costs to technical companies. In 19, the Honors Cooperative Program, today known as the co-op, was established to allow full-time employees of the companies to pursue graduate degrees from the University on a part-time basis. The initial companies signed five-year agreements in which they would pay double the tuition for each student in order to cover the costs. By the mid-1950s the infrastructure for what would later allow the creation of \"the valley\" was in a nascent stage due to Terman’s efforts.

It was in this atmosphere that a former Californian decided to move to the area.

William Shockley had quit Bell Labs in 1953 in a disagreement over the way the transistor had been presented to the public which, due to patent concerns, led to his name being sidelined in favor of his co-inventors, John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain. After divorcing his wife, he returned to the California Institute of

Technology where he had received his Bachelor of Science degree, but in 1956 moved to Mountain View, California to create the Shockley Semiconductor as part of Beckman Instruments and to live closer to his aging mother.

There he intended to one-up the transistor with a new three-element design (today

known as the Shockley diode) that he felt would take over the market, but the design was considerably more difficult to build than the \"simple\" transistor. As the project ran into difficulty, Shockley became more and more paranoid. He demanded lie detector tests on the staff, posted their salaries publicly, and generally annoyed everyone. The straw that broke the camel’s back occurred when he flew into a rage when a secretary cut her finger, an event he claimed was an intended attack on himself. When it was later demonstrated the cut was from a broken thumbtack the damage was already done, and in 1957 eight of the talented engineers he had brought to the west coast left and formed Fairchild Semiconductor.

Over the next few years this pattern would repeat itself several times, as engineers lost control of the companies they started to outside management, and they then left to form their own companies. AMD, Signetics, National Semiconductor, and Intel all started as offshoots from Fairchild, or alternatively as offshoots of other offshoots. By the early 1970s the entire area was filled with semiconductor companies, computer firms using their devices, and programming and service companies serving both. Industrial space was plentiful and housing was still inexpensive. The growth was fueled by the emergence of the venture capital industry on Sand Hill Road, beginning with Kleiner Perkins in 1972; the availability of venture capital exploded after the successful $1.3 billion IPO of Apple Computer in December 1980. Universities

· San Jose State University · Santa Clara University · Stanford University

· University of California, Berkeley - technically not located in Silicon Valley,

but instrumental as a source of research and new graduates Cities

A number of cities are located in Silicon Valley (in alphabetical order):

Campbell | Cupertino | Fremont | Los Altos | Los Gatos | Menlo Park | Mountain View | Milpitas | Newark | Palo Alto | Redwood City* | San Jose | Santa Clara | Saratoga | Sunnyvale | Union City

*Although Redwood City is not part of the region traditionally recognized as Silicon Valley, it has recently become considered by many to be part of the region, because of its location immediately adjacent to Menlo Park and its high density of technology companies.

III. 练习题答案：

Samples of a persuasion essay Passage 1

The invention (and detonation) of the atomic bomb has changed the world more

profoundly than any other human development in the last 2000 years. In seconds, nearly 200,000 people were dead or dying in Hiroshima, and consciousness was forever changed on our planet. Although the arms race fueled our economy for a few more decades, the bomb set into motion a ‘warfare stalemate’. With the ability to destroy our planet within the realm of possibility, we were forced to examine our rules of war, and seek new means of engagement to work out our differences. And although hundreds of wars are going on at any time on our planet, there are checks and balances, underscored by the horror of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. That’s why I chose atomic bomb as the greatest achievement. Passage 2

In 105 AD, Ts’ai Lun reported the invention of paper to the Chinese Emperor.

Ts’ai Lun was an official to the Chinese Imperial court, and I consider his early form of paper to be humanity’s most important invention Although recent archaeological evidence places the actual invention of papermaking 200 years earlier, Ts’ai Lun played an important role in developing a material that revolutionized his country. From China, papermaking moved to Korea and Japan. Chinese papermakers also

spread their handiwork into Central Asia and Persia, from which traders introduced paper to India. This is why Ts’ai Lun is one of the most influential people in history. So I think the greatest achievement is papermaking. Passage 3

When asked to name the most important invention, many of my classmates chose

the printing press.

I do agree however, without books, there would have been no widespread learning, and we’d be in the same position we were in during the Middle Ages. Only the wealthy would own books, and the clergy would control who learned to read and write.

That’s also why I chose the computer. I think future historians will look back and rank it as one of the great inventions for spreading knowledge and learning, and it’s applications in research will lead to yet further inventions and discoveries.

Sample of a short biography of Yang Li-wei

Yang Liwei is a lieutenant colonel in the People’s Liberation Army and a member

of its Astronauts’ Team.

Yang was born in June 1965 in Suizhong County of northeast China’s Liaoning Province and joined the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) at 18. He is 1.68 meters tall, and weighs 65 kilograms.

He graduated from the No. 8 Aviation College of the PLA Air Force in 1987 with a bachelor’s degree and became a fighter pilot. As a pilot, he has had 1,350 hours of flight experience. He was chosen, along with 13 others, from among 1,500 pilots for space flight training. He passed astronaut tests in 1996 and 1997.In January 1998, Yang became a member of China’s first team of astronauts. He was one of the three astronauts chosen to be the first astronaut for his excellent performance in the five-year training. He became China’s first astronaut on October 15, 2003.

\"When I boarded the Shenzhou-5 spacecraft for the first time, I couldn’t help

feeling excited. I decided that I must fly it\". Said, Yang Li-wei.

Yang spent 21 hours in space traveling more than 600,000 km, as the 241st

human being to visit outer space. From his spacecraft in outer space, Yang said hello to people across the world.