牛津译林版初中英语动词不定式专题

一.概念：

由 to＋动词原形 构成，有时 to 可以省略。不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，可分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。动词不定式在句中可以作句子除 谓语 之外的任何句子成分。 批注：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。

二.结构：

肯定： to + V.原 或者 (to)+ V.原 否定：not/never + (to) + V.原 eg.1) He likes to read novels. 2) I saw him come.

3) We decided not to buy that house. 4) It is interesting to fly a kite. 5) Please let him not go there.

三.用法：动词不定式可以在句中充当的成分有：主语,宾语,补语,表语,定语,状语。 1.作主语

To hear your voice is so nice. It is so nice to hear your voice. To study hard is very important. It is very important to study hard. 注意：不定式作主语时，通常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面。 1）It +be + adj. +for/of sb. to do sth.

for: adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征 （important/ necessary / interesting 等.） of: adj. 多为 描述人的品质特征 （kind / nice / friendly / wise / foolish 等.） eg. It is easy for her to learn English well. It is clever of you to solve the problem. 2) It takes sb. some time to do sth.

It takes me three hours to finish the homework every day.我每天花去三个小时完成家庭作业。

To get there by bike will take us half an hour.骑自行车去那里将会花费我们半小时时间。 3)It is + n. (for sb) to do sth.

It is my pleasure to help you with your English. 4)用在谚语中

To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 To say is easy, but to do is hard. 【例题精讲】

1、It is necessary ______us to learn to wait. (of/for) 2、It was careless ______me to break the cup .（of/for) 3、It took them 1,000 yuan _________this table. (buy) 4、It is my pleasure _________ the box for you. (carry) 5、轮到我们打扫教室了。

It is our turn_________________________. 6、To waste time is to shorten life. （翻译成中文） __________________________________________

Keys: 1.for 2.of 3.to buy 4.to carry 5.to clean the classroom 6. 浪费时间就是缩短生命。 2.作宾语

1）动词+ to do sth.

带to的动词不定式做宾语的动词有： afford （付得起），agree（同意），aim(力求做到), appear（显得），arrange（安排），ask（要求），choose（决定），claim（声称），decide（决定），demand（要求），determine（决心），expect（期待），fail（未履行），help（帮助），hesitate（犹豫），hope（希望），learn（学会），manage（设法），offer（主动提出），plan（计划），prepare（准备），pretend（假装），promise（答应），prove（证明），refuse（拒绝），resolve（解决），seem（觉得好像），swear（发誓），volunteer（自愿做），would like /want（想要），wish（希望），try（尝试），need （需要），begin / start（开始），forget（忘记），remember（记得）

eg. The driver failed to see the other car in time. I hope to finish it tomorrow .

She plans to go and teach in the country. 2)动词＋疑问词+to do

eg.I don’t know what to do next. 我不知道接下来该做什么。

She can’t decide which book to buy. 她不能决定买哪本书。 =She can’t decide which book she should buy. 【例题精讲】

1、Don’t forget _________________.(关灯)

2、I happened ________when he called me. （出去） 3、I don’t want________________. (依赖别人） 4、Sam is learning________________. (怎样开车） 5、We promise __________ the environment.(保护)

Keys:1.to turn off the light 2.to go out 3.to depend on others

4.how to drive a car 5.to protect 3.作宾补-对宾语进行补充说明 1)动词 + 宾语（sb./sth.) + to do sth.

可以跟动词不定式做宾补的动词有：advise，allow，believe，cause，ask, challenge，encourage，find，invite，like，order，remind，send，suppose，tell eg.The teacher asked her to answer the question.

The doctor told me to have a good rest. Father doesn’t allow us to play on the street. 2)动词+宾语+不带to的不定式 （动词多为感官动词、使动词）

一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to

三使：make, let, have 四看：see, notice, watch, look at John’s mother makes him play the piano every day. 被动：Johnis made to play the piano every day.

【例题精讲】

1、Let him _______ the work at once. (finish / to finish)

2、Do you like listening to other people______?(talk / talking/to talk )

3、Jim was seen _________the room.(enter /to enter ) 4、Please tell her _________here on time . (come / to come) 5、I’ll help you _________this problem. (to solve /solve ) 6、 I wish you will stay with us.(改成简单句）

________________________________________ 7、Her story made us laugh. (改成被动句）

_________________________________________

Keys:1.finish 2.talk 3.to enter 4.to come 5.(to ) solve

6.I wish you to stay with us. 7.We were made to laugh by her story. 4.作表语

1）主语 + be + to do sth

主语多为 duty / wish / hope / idea / plan / dream / work / job 等 名词 eg. My dream is to be a singer.我的梦想是成为一名歌手。

His work is to clean the classroom every day.他的工作是每天清扫教室。 2)谚语中

eg. To know everything is to know nothing. To see is to believe 5.作定语

位置：放在被修饰词的后面(后置定语) eg. I have a lot of work to do.

I want to find something to drink.

注意：不定式为不及物动词时后面应有必要的介词。

I’m looking for a hotel to stay at. He hasn’t got a house to live in . I have no pens to write with . 6.作状语 1)原因状语

主语 + be + adj.(表情感) + to do sth. (happy/ glad /angry / sorry / sad /afraid 等) eg. I’m sorry to hear that. I’m glad to see you. 2)目的状语

(Come、go、stop….)+to do sth

The soldier ran into the room to save the girl . We must stop to have a rest 3)结果状语

too + adj./adv. +to do sth. adj./adv. enough to do sth.

eg. You are too young to do this job.

He ran fast enough to catch the bus.

四.注意点：

1）省略to的动词不定式

a.使役动词 have , let , make 后。 b. 感官动词 see , watch , notice , hear , feel , find 等后作宾补。

c. 表示个人意愿或倾向的would rather， had better 后。 d. help 后即可跟带to，又可跟不带to的动词不定式。

e. 由 and , or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去. 在 被动语态 中to 不能省掉。如：be made to do…, be seen to do……。 2）不定式的特殊句型 a. It’s … for sb to do…. b. too…to do…

c. 特殊疑问词+ to do…结构

3）疑问词加动词不定式 (1) 句法功能：

①“ wh-词＋不定式” 主要用作宾语或者宾语补足语，跟在动词decide, forget, advise, discuss, remember, understand, think, teach等之后。 e.g.: We must think what to do.

I can't decide whom to invite.

Daniel taught himself how to use a computer to draw. ② 除用作宾语外，还可用作主语、表语等。

e.g.: When to leave has not been decided.何时离开还没有决定。

The question is how to find him.问题是如何找到他。

(2) 注意点：

① 若动词不定式的动词为不及物动词，需要加上后面的介词。 e.g. Daniel did not say who to talk to about this book.

I don’t know who to turn to for help when I have problems. ② 原则上说，why后不接不定式：

误：Kitty explained why to be late for school. 正：Kitty explained why she was late for school. 不过若不定式不带to，则可用why。 e.g.: Why not go there at once?

Why argue with her?

但这类结构通常只用于谈论现在和将来，不用于谈论过去。 误：Why not clean the room yesterday?

正：Why didn't you clean the room yesterday?

(3) how用于该结构的注意点：

有些动词后接“how＋不定式”作宾语时，how可以省略： e.g.: Did you learn (how) to drive a car? 你学过开车吗？

但是，有些动词后面接“疑问词how＋不定式”作宾语时，尽管其中的how在汉语中无需译出，但不能将how省略。

e.g.: He knows how to play the piano.

He showed her how to swim.

(4)“疑问词十不定式”结构可以和复合句转换。 e.g.: He asked where he would go shopping after supper. ＝He asked where to go shopping after supper.

【例题精讲】 例1: 同义句转换

The teacher asked us how we could help him.

The teacher asked us_______ _______ _______ him. 答案：how to help

解析：考察疑问词加不定式与复合句的转换。

例2: He didn't know where_______ his brother.

A. find B. to find C. to finding D. finding 答案：B

解析：考察疑问词加动词不定式用法。

例3:-Excuse me. Could you please tell me_______ my car?

- Sure. Park it right here. I'll help you. A. how to stop B. where to parking C. where to stop D. when to park 答案：C

解析：考察疑问词加动词不定式用法，排除掉B， ACD的区别在于句意，根据回答，问的是地点，故选择C

例4: 他不知道和谁谈有关旅行的计划。

He doesn't know_______ _______ _______ _______ about the travel plan. 答案：who to talk to

解析：考察疑问词加动词不定式用法，需要注意固定搭配：talk to sb. 介词to不能丢。

巩固练习：

一.单选题

1.The young man was often seen ________ by the lake.

A. to draw B. to drawing C. draw D. drew 【答案】A

【考点】动词不定式

【解析】句意：这个年轻人在湖边被看到画画。此题考查的重点就是固定结构see sb do sth 的被动语态。根据语境可知，因主语是动作的执行者，故用被动语态，又因see sb do sth 的被动语态是be seen to do sth故选A。

2.— What are you going to do this week-end?

— I plan ______ Mount Yunlong with my parents.

A. to climb B. climb C. climbing D. to climbing 【答案】A

【考点】固定搭配，动词不定式

【解析】句意：—本周末你将做什么？—我计划和我的父母一起去爬云龙山。短语plan to do sth计划做某事。故答案为A。 3.— Do I need _____ a bus?

— Yes, No. 3 bus will take you there.

A. taking B. to take C. takes D. take 【答案】B

【考点】动词不定式作宾语

【解析】句意：——我需要乘公交车吗？——是的，3路车会带你去那儿。考查need作实义动词时的用法，根据问句Do I need …可知，这里need是实义动词不是情态动词，need作实义动词后常接不定式need to do sth.表示“需要做某事”，接V. -ing时表示被动意义。故选B。 4.—I don't know what ______ for my little sister. —A skirt is OK.

A. to buy B. buying C. to read D. reading 【答案】A

【考点】动词不定式作宾语

【解析】句意：—我不知道给我的小妹妹买点什么，—一条裙子就可以。疑问词+动词不定式作宾语，固定搭配buy for，故选A。

5.Lisa is a little poor at Chinese．I think she needs it every day． A. practice to speak B. to practice speaking C. practice speaking D. to practice to speak 【答案】B

【考点】动名词，动词不定式

【解析】句意：丽莎在汉语方面有点薄弱。我认为她需要每天练习说英语。需要做某事，need to do... ,练习做某事 practice doing ... ,故根据句意可知答案应选B。 6.________ English well, one must have a lot of practice.

A. Speak B. Speaking C. To speak D. Speaks 【答案】C

【考点】动词不定式

【解析】句意：为了说好英语，首先必须有大量的练习。分析：大量的练习的目的是去说好英语。因此用动词不定式表示目的。故选 C。

7.The funny film makes me ____________.

A. to laugh B. laughing C. to laughing D. laugh 【答案】D

【考点】省略to的动词不定式，动词不定式

【解析】句意：有趣的电影让我大笑。make sb do sth让某人做某事，故答案为D。 8.David finds ______ difficult to communicate with his parents. A. one B. it C. this D. that 【答案】B

【考点】代词辨析，词义辨析，动词不定式

【解析】句意：大卫发现与父母沟通是很难的。本题考查it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to communicate with his parents。故选B。

9.He used in the countryside, but now he lives in the city. A. live B. to live C. to living D. lives 【答案】B

【考点】原形，第三人称单数，过去式和过去分词，动词不定式

【解析】句意：他过去……在乡村，但是现在他住在城市。used to do，过去常常，故选B。 10.He promised ______ his old friend during his stay in Tianjin. A. see B. seeing C. to see 【答案】C

【考点】动词不定式

【解析】句意：他答应在天津停留期间去看他的老朋友。固定搭配：promise to do sth答应做某事。故答案为C。

11.Mr. Smith told his son ________ the football match because of (因为) the exam. A. not to watch B. to not watch C. not watching D. doesn't watch 【答案】A

【考点】动词不定式

【解析】句意：史密斯先生告诉儿子不要看球赛，因为有考试。tell sb not to do sth表示不要做某事，故选A。

12.Mike decided the museum this Sunday．

A. visit B. visits C. visiting D. to visit 【答案】D

【考点】动词不定式

【解析】句意：迈克觉得这个星期天去参观博物馆。decide to do sth 决定做某事。故选D。 13.You shouldn't __________ too much. It's bad for you to __________.

A. worry; worried B. worried; worry C. worry; worry about D. worry; be worried 【答案】D

【考点】动词不定式

【解析】句意：你不应该太担心，担心对你不好。should是情态动词，后跟动词原形，可排

除B。to是不定式符号，后跟动词原形，可排除A。worry about sth担心某事，句中无宾语，所以C错误。故选D。

14.The books are worth _______. So many people go __________ them. A. to read; buy B. reading; to buy C. to read; buying D. reading; bought 【答案】B

【考点】动名词，固定搭配，动词不定式

【解析】句意：这些书值得读，有这么多人去买他们。短语：be worth doing 值得做某事。to buy在句中作状语，表示目的。故选B。

15.Don't forget _____ off the lights and air conditioner when you leave.

A. turn B. to turn C. turning D. to turning 【答案】B

【考点】现在分词，短语辨析，动词不定式

【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。句意：当你离开的时候，不要忘了关灯和空调。forget to do sth.不要忘记去做某事；forget doing sth.忘记做过的事情.。根据句意 when you leave.当你离开的时候，可知你还没有去做关灯这件事，故选B。

16.The man decided ______ the house _______ the window.

A. enter; by B. to enter; through C. entering; through D. to enter; with 【答案】B

【考点】简单介词，动词不定式

【解析】句意：他决定通过窗户进入房子。decide to do sth.：决定做某事;穿过/通过窗户用through;故选B。

17.He wants _______ a dictionary in the store. A. buy B. buys C. buying D. to buy 【答案】D

【考点】固定搭配，动词不定式

【解析】句意：他想去书店买一本字典。buy买，动词原形；buys第三人称单数形式；buying 是动名词形式；to buy动词不定式。这句话考查want to do sth.想要去做某事。故选D。 18.Mike's mother often tells him too much time playing computer games. A. to not spend B. not to spend C. doesn't spend D. not spend 【答案】B

【考点】不定式的否定式，动词不定式

【解析】句意：麦克的妈妈经常告诉他不要花费太多的时间用在玩电子游戏上。此题考查固定短语tell sb not to do sth告诉某人不要做某事。根据句意，应选B。 19.— The family is too poor _______ the child to school. — What a pity!

A. send B. sending C. to send D. sent 【答案】C

【考点】固定搭配，动词不定式作结果状语

【解析】句意：——这家太穷不能送孩子上学。——真可惜。根据too……to do……“太……而不能……”可知，故选C。

20.— I think that this is an interesting lecture _____.

— Oh, come on! No lectures for me. I've been tired ____ to lectures. A. to listen to; of listening B. to listen; of listening C. to listen to; to listen D. to listen; to listen

【答案】A

【考点】固定搭配，动词不定式 【解析】句意：——我认为这是一个要听的有意思的演讲。——哦，得了吧，别让我听演讲，我已经厌倦了听演讲。第一空用不定式作定语，修饰lecture，被修饰的lecture相当于listen to 的宾语，所以不及物动词要带上相应的介词，故用listen to；第二空考查搭配：be tired of doing sth厌倦了做某事。故选A。 二、填空题

21.Her father's job is ________ (protect) the endangered animals. 【答案】to protect

【考点】动词不定式作表语

【解析】句意：父亲的工作就是保护濒危动物。不定式作表语，故填to protect。 22.It's an honor________ (to share/ share) my opinion with all of you. 【答案】to share

【考点】动词不定式句型

【解析】句意：很荣幸与大家一起分享我的观点。句型：It's+adj/n+to do sth。it是形式主语，指代不定式。故填to share。

23.I'd like ________ (go) to the Temple of Heaven. 【答案】to go

【考点】动词不定式作宾语

【解析】句意：我想去天坛。would like to do sth想要做某事。故填to go。 24.There are many things ________ (do) in Beijing 【答案】to do

【考点】动词不定式作定语

【解析】句意：在北京有很多事做。不定式作定语，故填to do。

25.Tom is wise enough to find ways ________ (solve) the difficult physics problems. 【答案】to solve/of solving 【考点】动词不定式作定语

【解析】句意：Tom足够聪明，找到了解决这个难物理题的方法。way of doing sth=way to do sth。故填to solve或of solving。

26.Would you like ________ (cut) the apple into two halves? 【答案】to cut

【考点】语法填空，动词不定式作宾语

【解析】句意：你愿意把苹果切成两半吗？would like to do sth想要做某事，故填to cut。 27.We aren't allowed ________ (play) with balls on the corridor（走廓）. 【答案】to play

【考点】动词不定式作宾补

【解析】句意：不允许我们在走廊打球。be allowed to do sth被允许做某事。故填to play。 28.The tea is too strong. You need ________ (add) some more water slowly. 【答案】add/to add

【考点】语法填空，动词不定式作宾语

【解析】句意：茶太浓了，你需要慢慢多加点水。need作情态动词，后跟动词原形，故填add；need作实意动词，构成短语：need to do sth需要做某事。故填to add。 29.Speak loudly ________ (make) us hear you. 【答案】to make

【考点】动词不定式做目的状语

【解析】句意：说大声点以便让我们听到你。to do在句中可以作目的状语，故填to make。 30.He doesn't have much time ________ (listen) to music from Monday to Friday. 【答案】to listen

【考点】语法填空，动词不定式作定语

【解析】句意：从周一到周五他没有太多时间听音乐。have time to do sth有时间做某事，故填to listen。

31.I'd like________(live) in a house with nine rooms. 【答案】to live

【考点】动词不定式作宾语

【解析】句意：我想要住在一个有九个房间的大房子里。I'd like to do sth. 我想要做某事，故填to live。

32.Would you like________(visit) Dalian? 【答案】to visit

【考点】动词不定式作宾语

【解析】句意：你想要参观大连吗？固定搭配：would like to do想要做某事。故填to visit。