外刊经贸知识选读自考题真题2016年04月

(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、第Ⅰ部分 选择题

单项选择题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)

1.After a decade focused on events in the Middle East, the United States has recently bolstered its presence in the Asia-Pacific.______ （分数：2.00） A.strengthened √ B.experimented C.franchised D.weakened

解析：[解析] 句意：经过对中东事务近十年的观察，美国最近加强了在亚太地区的军事力量。bolster意为“增强，加强”。选项中strengthen意为“加强，增强”；experiment意为“实验”；franchise意为“特许经营”；weaken意为“削弱”。故选A。

2.The Asia-Pacific region, which was one of the few areas enjoying dynamic economic development at that time, aroused U. S. interest.______ （分数：2.00） A.static B.active √ C.flexible D.strident

解析：[解析] 句意：亚太地区是当时少数具有经济发展活力的地区之一，这引起了美国的兴趣。dynamic意为“动态的，有活力的”。选项中static意为“静止的”；active意为“活跃的”；flexible意为“灵活的”；strident意为“刺耳的，尖锐的”。故选B。

3.I reckon this year\"s corn imports are likely to stand between 2 million tons and 2.5 million tons.

（分数：2.00） A.estimate √ B.diminish C.clarify D.conceive

解析：[解析] 句意：我估计今年的玉米进口很可能保持在200～250万吨之间。reckon意为“估计，预估”。选项中estimate意为“估计”；diminish意为“减少”；clarify意为“澄清，阐明”；conceive意为“认为，构思”。故选A。

4.In foreign exchange markets, hedge funds are the currency speculators that worry governments the most.______ （分数：2.00） A.opportunists √ B.onlookers C.entrepreneurs D.players

解析：[解析] 句意：在外汇市场上，对冲基金是使最为担心的货币投机者。speculator意为“投机者”。选项中opportunist意为“投机取巧者”；onlooker意为“旁观者”；entrepreneur意为“企业家”；player意为“玩家”。故选A。

5.In 2007, in a contest supervised by the World Bank, the joint venture outbid more than eight competitors hailing from the United States, Canada, Russia and Europe to win the Afghan

government\"s contract.______ （分数：2.00） A.cooperated B.organized C.outdo √ D.eliminated

解析：[解析] 句意：在2007年由世界银行监管的一场比赛中，合资企业在来自美国、加拿大、俄罗斯和欧洲超过8家的竞争者中脱颖而出，最终赢得了阿富汗的合约。outbid意为“胜出”。选项中cooperate意为“合作”；organize意为“组织”；outdo意为“超过，胜过”；eliminate意为“减少”。故选C。 6.A raging stock market made 2007 another bumper harvest year for hedge funds. （分数：2.00） A.stronger B.loaner C.weaker D.super √

解析：[解析] 句意：极其不稳定的股票市场使2007年成为对冲基金大丰收的一年。bumper意为“极好的，丰富的”。选项申stronger意为“更强壮的”；loaner意为“债权人”；weaker意为“更虚弱的”；super。意为“极好的”。故选D。

7.Europe is the world\"s growth laggard rather than its champion. （分数：2.00） A.subscriber B.reformer C.slowcoach √ D.policy-maker

解析：[解析] 句意：欧洲是世界增长的落后者而不是先进者。laggard意为“落后者”。选项中subscriber意为“订阅者”；reformer意为“改革者”；slowcoach意为“落后者”；policy-maker意为“制定者”。故选C。

8.Thousands of Asian shoppers were to be found elbowing their way through the throng as keenly as the most bargain-savvy Brits.______ （分数：2.00） A.seller B.contributor C.owner D.crowd √

解析：[解析] 句意：商场被成千上万的亚洲购物者围堵得水泄不通，个个都像最精明的英国市井大妈。throng意为“人群”。选项中seller意为“卖家”；contributor意为“捐赠者，贡献者”；owner意为“所有者”；crowd意为“人群”。故选D。

9.The sentiment caused by a deteriorating eurozone crisis has prompted the demand for the government bonds issued by developed countries, such as the US.______ （分数：2.00） A.given rise to √ B.restrained C.reacted to D.offset

解析：[解析] 句意：欧元区危机恶化引发的情绪促进了对由发达国家(比如美国)发布的证券的需求。prompt意为“促进，引起”。选项中give rise to意为“引起，导致”；restrain意为“”；react to意为“反应，回应”；offset意为“抵消”。故选A。

10.Overseas investors are showing strong and increasing interest in holding Australian dollar- denominated bonds.______ （分数：2.00） A.enhanced B.issued √ C.exchanged D.included

解析：[解析] 句意：海外投资者对持有澳大利亚以美元标价的证券表现出日益强烈的兴趣。denominate意为“计价”。选项中enhance意为“加强”；issue意为“发行”；exchange意为“交换”；include意为“包含，包括”。故选B。

11.BMW said its franchised outlets will notify customers of the recall through mail or phone calls.______ （分数：2.00） A.warehouses B.institutions C.retail stores √ D.associations

解析：[解析] 句意：宝马公司说特许零售商会通过邮件或打电话的方式通知顾客这次回收。outlet意为“零售商”。选项中warehouse意为“仓库”；institution意为“机构”；retail store意为“零售店”；association意为“协会，社团”。故选C。

12.The rollercoaster that the financial markets were facing during last week took its toll on the commodities markets as well.______ （分数：2.00） A.ups and downs √ B.depression C.opportunities D.competition

解析：[解析] 句意：上周过山车式的金融市场也给商品市场带来了损失。rollercoaster意为“过山车，不稳定的”。选项中ups and downs意为“跌宕起伏，起伏”；depression意为“不景气”；opportunity意为“机会”；competition意为“竞争”。故选A。

13.The slowdown was mainly the result of a sluggish economic recovery in the US, the European Union and other developed economies.______ （分数：2.00） A.abrupt B.inactive √ C.crude D.regular

解析：[解析] 句意：经济下滑主要是由美国、欧盟和其他发达地区经济复苏缓慢造成的。sluggish意为“缓慢的，萧条的”。选项中abrupt意为“突然的”；inactive意为“不活跃的”；crude意为“粗糙的，天然的”；regular意为“定期的”。故选B。

14.Cheng preferred not to set a minimum income limit, saying such a policy would be too rigid for low-income families which nevertheless have saved enough for a down payment.______ （分数：2.00） A.unfair B.supportive C.inflexible √ D.destructive

解析：[解析] 句意：程宁愿不设置最低收入，他说这样的对低收入家庭来说太过死板，因为低收入家庭已经存了足够的钱预付定金。rigid意为“死板的，不灵活的”。选项中unfair意为“不公平的”；supportive意为“支持的”；inflexible意为“不灵活的”；destructive意为“毁灭性的”。故选C。 15.WTO membership also underpinned Chinese export-led growth with a strong insurance policy against protectionism.______ （分数：2.00） A.regulated B.supported √ C.restructured D.attributed

解析：[解析] 句意：加入世贸组织也巩固了中国以出口为主导的贸易增长，以较强的保险反对贸易保护主义。underpin意为“巩固，支持”。选项中regulate意为“管理，监管”；support意为“支持，支撑”；restructure意为“调整，重建”；attribute意为“把……归因于”。故选B。

二、第Ⅱ部分 非选择题

将下列英语单词或词组译成中文(总题数：10，分数：10.00)

16.cash-strapped

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：现金短缺的 17.insolvency

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：无偿还能力 18.market forces

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：市场力量 19.trade reprisal

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：贸易报复 20.price-rigging

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：操作价格的 21.spot market

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：现货市场 22.real estate

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：房地产 23.private trust

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：私人信托 24.1iquid assets

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：流动资产 25.surcharge

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：附加税

三、将下列汉语词组译成英文 (总题数：10，分数：10.00)

26.消费品

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：consumer goods 27.资本货物

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：capital goods 28.生产资料

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：means of production 29.经济特区

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：The Special Economic Zone 30.优先权

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：preferred status 31.独家经销合同

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：exclusive contract 32.(附在商品上的)赠物券

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：coupon 33.贴现率

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：discount rate 34.试销市场

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：test market 35.石油输出国组织

（分数：1.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：OPEC/Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

四、简答题(总题数：0，分数：0.00) 五、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：9.00)

consumers enjoy a variety of shell eggs, including fresh hen and duck eggs, dyed eggs for special occasions, eggs cooked in salt or tea leaves, pigeon eggs and preserved duck eggs. Fresh hen eggs, however, are the most popular item.

Each consumer in eats an average of 215 fresh eggs and 20 preserved or dyed eggs each year. According to import statistics, the territory annually imports more than 1.2 billion shell eggs valued at $52 million. In addition, produces 4.5 million dozen hen, duck and goose eggs and 12 million dozen quail eggs annually.

Chinese eggs dominate the fresh egg market with more than an 80% share. Thailand became the second

largest supplier in 1984, following a nearly eightfold increase over 1983 shipments. The United States is currently the third largest supplier with a 7.5% market share in 1985—up from 6.8%. Egg imports from the Netherlands also showed a dramatic increase in 1985.（分数：9.00） (1).Of all the egg products, what is most popular with consumers?（分数：3.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：Fresh hen eggs.

(2).What is China\"s fresh egg market share in the world?（分数：3.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：More than 80%.

(3).What is currently the third largest supplier of fresh eggs?（分数：3.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：The United States.

六、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：9.00)

Aggregate statistics for 1991 were dominated by the sharp decline in output in Central and Eastern Europe and by the severely adverse effects of the Gulf crisis on the economies of Middle Eastern countries. Estimates of GDP by major geographic region reveal that growth of output accelerated in Latin American and in sub-Saharan Africa, while a pick-up in China helped sustain Asian activity. Despite a sharp slow-down in India, where GDP growth fell from 5.5 percent in 1990 to 2.5 percent, the population-weighted growth rate of developing countries\" GDP—3.5 percent in 1991—continued to exceed the ordinary measure.（分数：9.00）

(1).What does the underlined word \"aggregate\" mean?（分数：3.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：made 0f separate parts, total.

(2).What\"s the meaning of \"adverse\"?（分数：3.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：bad or worse.

(3).What does \"exceed\" mean?（分数：3.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：surpass.

七、正误判断题(总题数：0，分数：0.00) 八、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)

US retail sales rose less than expected over the holidays while new jobless claims climbed to a six-week high, underlining the slow pace of recovery from recession.

Retail sales increased 0.1 per cent in December to $400.6bn, missing forecasts of a 0.3 per cent rise and logging the weakest growth since last May, according to a commerce department report. Separately, first-time claims for unemployment benefits rose to 399,000. Economists say claims need to stay below 400,000 to sustain job growth.

December sales of electronics and appliances fell 3.9 per cent and department store purchases slipped 0.2 per cent. Meanwhile, cheaper fuel prices brought down receipts at petrol stations 1.6 per cent last month, while food and beverage sales fell 0.2 per cent.

\"December\"s retail sales figures suggest it was not a happy holiday season for US retailers,\" said Paul Dales, senior US economist at Capital Economics. \"In other words, households have started

to pare back their spending, most probably because their real incomes have continued to fall.\" An upward revision to November\"s sales reading, from 0.2 per cent to 0.4 per cent, suggested that consumers did most of their holiday shopping early in the season.

\"While there were several media reports suggesting holiday shopping was solid, [ year-on-year] growth in chain store data did disappoint, and this data suggests the consumer, restrained by weak income growth, has lost some momentum outside autos,\" said David Sloan, an economist at IFR Economics.

Steep discounts and extended hours at many retailers lured last-minute shoppers to stores in the week leading up to Christmas, but the 2011 holiday season was seen as modest overall and many companies have downgraded their profit forecasts.

Thursday\"s commerce department figures showed that December\"s declines were offset by stronger demand for cars; sales of motor vehicles and parts were up 1.5 per cent, as indicated earlier this month by carmakers, who said December sales reached about 13.7m at a seasonally adjusted annual rate.

Stripping out autos, overall retail sales fell 0.2 per cent compared with an expected 0.3 per cent gain. Sales excluding autos and petrol were flat in December.（分数：10.00） (1).US retail sales were expected to increase by 0.3% in December.（分数：2.00） A.正确 √ B.错误

解析：[解析] 由第二段中的“Retail sales increased 0.1 per cent in December to $400.6bn, missing forecasts of a0.3 per cent rise”可知，美国12月份的零售额为4006亿，增加了01%，错过了预测的0.3%的增长。由此可知，这与题干12月份预增长为0.3%的说法是一致的，故本题的说法是正确的。 (2).First-time claims for unemployment benefits climbed to 399,000, indicating the US recession is worsening.（分数：2.00） A.正确 B.错误 √

解析：[解析] 由第三段可知，首次申请失业津贴的人数增加至39.9万人；经济学家说为了增加就业，申请人数需在40万人以下。这与题干的说法是不一致的，故本题的说法是错误的。

(3).Many US families have cut down on their spending due to weak income growth.（分数：2.00） A.正确 √ B.错误

解析：[解析] 由第五段第二句话可知，美国家庭已经开始削减开支，这最可能是因为他们的真实收入一直在减少。这与题干的说法是一致的，故本题的说法是正确的。

(4).Recent retail sales figures suggest that consumers did most of their Christmas shopping in early December.（分数：2.00） A.正确 B.错误 √

解析：[解析] 由第六段可知，11月份的销售数据表明，消费者在当季早期提前开始了他们的假日购物。这与题干的说法是不一致的，故本题的说法是错误的。

(5).With sales of motor vehicles and parts excluded, the overall retail sales in the US actually fell slightly.（分数：2.00） A.正确 √ B.错误

解析：[解析] 由最后一段可知，除了汽车，美国的整体销售额与预计的0.3%的增长相比，下降了0.2%；除了汽车和汽油，其他商品12月份的销售额保持平稳。这与题干的说法是一致的，故本题的说法是正确的。

九、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)

Dell Inc. rose as much as 6.7 percent after its profit topped analysts\" estimates, marking the second straight quarter that the company\"s results outshined those of rival Hewlett-Packard Co. Net income surged to $945 million, or 49 cents a share, from $341 million, or 17 cents, a year

earlier, Dell said yesterday. Excluding certain costs, earnings were 55 cents in the period, which ended April 29. Analysts estimated 43 cents on average, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Dell\"s emphasis on business customers, bolstered by an expansion into corporate data centers, is helping it withstand a slump in consumer demand. A slowdown in home-computer sales has roiled industry leader Hewlett-Packard, which cut its annual sales forecast earlier yesterday. While Dell also saw its consumer revenue drop, the company said it was able to squeeze more profit out of each sale.

\"They executed much better than expected despite strong headwinds,\" said Shaw Wu, an analyst at Sterne Agee & Leach Inc. in San Francisco. Dell gets about 20 percent of sales from consumers, compared with about 30 percent at Hewlett-Packard, said Wu, who has a neutral rating on Dell shares. Dell, based in Round Rock, Texas, gained 85 cents, or 5.4 percent, to $16.75 at 4 p.m. New York time in Nasdaq Stock Market composite trading. The shares have risen 24 percent this year.（分数：10.00）

(1).It is the first time that Dell\"s quarterly profit has surpassed Hewlett-Packard Co.（分数：2.00） A.正确 B.错误 √

解析：[解析] 由第一段可知，戴尔公司的利润增长了6.7%，这标志着戴尔公司的利润连续两个季度超过它的竞争对手——惠普公司。这与题干的说法是不一致的，故本题的说法是错误的。

(2).Analysts estimated that Dell\"s net income was 43 cents a share on average.（分数：2.00） A.正确 B.错误 √

解析：[解析] 由第二段最后一句话可知，根据彭博收集的信息数据，分析家预估戴尔公司的股票收益为平均每股43分，但是并没有说是净收益。这与题干的说法是不一致的，故本题的说法是错误的。

(3).Because Dell now focuses on business customers, its consumer demand remains relatively stable.（分数：2.00） A.正确 √ B.错误

解析：[解析] 由第三段第一句话可知，戴尔公司重视商业用户，这帮助它抵制顾客需求的减少。这与题干的说法是一致的，故本题的说法是正确的。

(4).Hewlett-Packard forecast a drop in its annual sales due to the slowdown in home-computer sales.（分数：2.00） A.正确 √ B.错误

解析：[解析] 由第三段第二句话可知，家庭电脑销售额的下滑动摇了惠普的领导地位，使该公司减少了对年销售额的预估。这与题干的说法是一致的，故本题的说法是正确的。

(5).Compared with Dell, Hewlett-Packard relies more heavily on consumers.（分数：2.00） A.正确 √ B.错误

解析：[解析] 由第四段最后一句话可知，戴尔公司有大约20%的销售额来自消费者，而惠普公司有大约30%的销售额来自于消费者。由此可知，与戴尔相比，惠普更依赖于消费者，故本题的说法是正确的。

十、翻译题(总题数：1，分数：12.00)

36.While the global financial crisis continued to take a toll on societies and politics globally, 2011 has been a year of relentless turmoil and chaos. What underlies these waves of turmoil is the labor pains of the birth of a new international order.

Economic growth was severely unbalanced in 2011. The European and U.S. debt crises have gravely delayed the recovery of the world economy. Though the United States raised its debt ceiling after heated debate to avoid default, the Standard & Poor\"s rating agency downgraded the credit rating of the United States for the first time.

（分数：12.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：随着全球金融危机对世界社会与政治继续产生负面影响，2011年是充满无情的动荡与混乱的一年，而隐藏在动荡之下的是建立一个新国际秩序的阵痛。

2011年的经济增长严重不平衡，欧洲和美国的债务危机极大地减缓了世界经济恢复的速度，虽然美国为避免违约在经过激烈争辨后提高了其债务限额，但标普评级机构还是首次降低了美国的评级。