虚拟语气专题
一 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
1 在宾语从句中的应用
在表示建议、提议、命令、请求等意义的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用should+原形动词，或者省略should，直接用动词原形。 常见的这类动词有：
1) 坚持 insist （意为“坚持认为”时用陈述语气） 2) 命令 order command
3) 建议 suggest advise propose
4) 要求 require request ask demand
He demanded that the aggressor troops (should) be withdrawn immediately.
（他要求侵略军马上撤出。）
（1）在wish后宾语从句中的应用。
以动词do为例 种类 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 从句动词形式 过去时did（be用were） had+done 与将来事实相反 would（could，might）+do They wish that they didn’t have to go to the place. （他们希望不必去那个地方。）
I wish we had traveled yesterday when the weather was fine.
（我真希望昨天天好时我们就出发了。） I wish she would come tomorrow.
(我希望她明天来。)
（2）在would/had rather，would/had/sooner, would (just)as soon后表示“宁愿……，宁可……，但愿……”的宾语从句中，其形式见下表
以动词do为例 种类 与过去事实/愿望相反 从句动词形式 had+done 与现在/将来事实/愿望相反 过去时did（be用were） He would rather it were winter now. (他真愿现在就是冬天。)
I’d just as soon she were not here tomorrow.
(我真愿她明天不会在这里。)
2 在主语从句中的应用
（1）It is + 形容词/过去分词 + that +主语从句中的主语 + （should）+原形动词。
常用的这类形容词有：strange, necessary, urgent, possible, essential, important, crucial, insistentd，best等。
1
虚拟语气
常用的这类过去分词有：desired，suggested，proposed，requested，ordered，decided，recommended，arranged等。
It is important that we should unite with all that can be united in the struggle.
(在斗争中团结一切可以团结的人是最重要的。)
（2）It is a pity(shame,must等)that + 主语从句中的主语 + （should）+ 原形动词。 It is a buring shame that little children should have to beg in the street.
(小孩们必须上街乞讨，太令人遗憾了。)
It seems such a pity that you should have to spend the day at the hotel.
(真是遗憾，你必须在那家旅馆度过一天。)
3 在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用
在表示建议、提议、命令、要求等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用：
（should）+动词原形
常见的这类名词有：advice, demand, arrangement, command, decision, requirement, suggestion, plan, necessity, motion, desire, proposal, regulation等。 My suggestion is that we (should)start out at once.
(我建议我们立刻出发。)
The professor gave orders that the test be finished before 10:30.
(教授指示考试须在十点半以前结束。)
二 虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用
1 表示与现在、将来或过去事实相反的句子，谓语动词用虚拟语气。其形式见下表
以动词do为例 种类 与将来事实相反 与过去事实相反 从句动词形式 should+do，were to do had+done 主句动词形式 would (should,could,might)+do would (should,could,might)+do would（should,could,might+have done 与现在事实相反 过去时did（be用were） If I were you, I would consider their proposal.
(如果我是你，我会多考虑他们的建议。)
If I had known of your arrival, I would have met you at the station. （要是我早知道你要来，我会去车站接你的。）
2 错综时间条件句
有时，条件从句和主句所表示的动作时间不一致，这时，动词要根据不同的时间用适当的形式来表示。
从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反：
If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.
(假如当时天气再好一点，现在庄稼会长得更好一些。 )
从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反：
If you were older, I would have allowed you to go there alone yesterday. (如果你再大一点，昨天我就会让你单独去那里。)
2
虚拟语气
3 省略if的条件句
条件句中有had，should，could，were等时可以省略if，用倒装语序，即上述词须放在主语之首。
Were there no(=If there were no)gravity, there would be no air around the earth.
(要是没有地球引力，地球周围就没有空气。)
Had we made(=if we had made)adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.
(要是当时做了充分准备，我们是可能成功的。)
4 含蓄条件句
假设的情况不用if条件句，而用其他的形式表示，称为含蓄条件句。 That would have been considered miraculous in the past.
[=If I had been in the past, it would have been considered miraculous.]
(那在过去会被看作是奇迹。)
Without his help,I couldn’t have done it.
[If he hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t have done it.] (没有他的帮助，我不可能做这件事。)
5 用于if only……引导的从句中
If only 引导的从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示强烈的愿望、不满或遗憾。用法同wish。
6 用于as if（though），even if（though）引导的状语从句中
在as if（though）引导的方式状语从句中，虚拟语气用过去时表示和现在事实相反或对其怀疑，用过去完成时表示对过去事实的假设。 She is so kind and beautiful as if she were an angel.
(她如此善良、美丽，好像是个天使。)
[注]as if/though引导的从句如果用于客观陈述，则用陈述语气。 He acts as if he is drunk.
(他表现出好像是喝醉了酒。) It looks as if it is going to rain.
(看来要下雨了。)
在even if（though）引导的让步状语从句中有时也常用虚拟语气，谓语形式同if引导的虚拟条件句。
Even if you had enough money,you could not buy the lost time.
(即使你有足够的钱，你也不能买回失去的时光。)
Even though she had been very busy,she would have come to help us.
(即使她当时很忙，她也会来帮助我们的。)
7 用于wether……or……，no matter how/what，however，whatever等词引导的让步状语从句中
谓语常用may，might，should+原形动词，may，might，should常省略，尤其是用于be开头的让步状语从句中。
No matter what you may say,I am determined to do what I think is right.
(不管你怎么说，我认为对的事我一定要做。)
[注]如果是过去的动作，动词要用完成式。
3
虚拟语气
You mustn’t be proud,however much you may have achieved.
(无论你取得了多大成就都不应该骄傲。)
8 用于lest，for fear that，in case，in order that，so that引导的目的状语从句中
以lest，for fear that，in case引导的目的状语从句中，，谓语常用should+原形动词，should一般不省略。以so that，in order that引导的目的状语从句，谓语常用should，may（can）+原形动词（表示现在），might（could）+原形动词（表示过去）。
The man escaped to another country for fear that he should be caught by the police.
(这个人逃到另一个国家，唯恐被警察抓住。)
Here is some money in case you should need it. (这里有些钱以防万一需要。) [注]in case也常用陈述语气。
We live so that others may live better. (我们活着是为了让别人活得更美好。)
三 虚拟语气在一些习惯句型和结构中的应用
1 用于It is （high/about）time that……句型中
后接过去时的从句，意为“该做某事了”或“早该做某事了”。它指的是现在或将来，而不是过去。
It’s about time that you had your hair cut! (你该理发了！)
It is high time he were taught a lesson.. (该是他接受教训的时候了。)
2 用于suppose/supposing引出的句子中
Suppose/supposing引出的句子除可用陈述语气外，也常引出表示假设的条件句。 Supposing the train were late,what should we do? (假如火车晚点，我们怎么办？) Suppose I acdepted this offer. (假如我接受这个帮助，你会怎么说？)
3 用于expect，believe，think，suspect引出的句子中
（1）在expect，believe，think，suspect等动词的否定式或疑问式后常用should+原形动词表示惊奇、怀疑、惶惑、不满等意思。
They just couldn't believe that the new stadium should be so big.
(他们简直不能相信新体育场竟然这么大。)
We never thought that she should be the brave girl we have heard so much about.
(我们从没想到她竟然是我们听说过很多的那个勇敢的姑娘。)
（2）表示惊奇、怀疑、不满等意思的形容词后引出的句子也常用should+原形动词虚拟语气。 We were surprised that he should be so stubborn.
(我们很吃惊他竟然会这样固执。) I am sorry that he should be in such poor health.
4
虚拟语气
(我真难过，他身体竟然这么差。)
[注]以上这些句子中，也可以用陈述语气。如用陈述语气仅叙述事实，而用虚拟语气表现出说话人的强烈情绪。又如：
I am still not quite convinced that she should have done so much in such a short time.
(我还是不太相信她竟然能在这样短的时间内做了这么多的事。)
4 用于其它结构中
虚拟语气可以用于介词、介词短语、连词、动词不定式等结构表达的虚拟条件中。 But for my deskmate’s help,I would have failed in the experiment.
(如果没有我同桌同学的帮助，我就做不成实验了。) It would be a shame to stop the work halfway.
(半途而废就太不像话了。)
四 虚拟语气在口语中的应用
1 在表示祝愿、诅咒等句子中，谓语动词常由原形东西或may+原形动词构成 “God bless you.”said the priest. （教士说：“愿上帝保佑你。”） So be it then! (那就这样吧！) May you succeed! （祝你成功！）
PS if条件句中若有should/had/were，句子可用倒装（省略if，把had/should/were
放句首）
If he should/were to come tomorrow,we would be very happy. —— Should he come tomorrow, we would be very happy. ——Were he to come tomorrow, we would be very happy.
5
虚拟语气
虚拟语气练习100题
1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished 2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq. A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for 3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.
A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone 4. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set
5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ . A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; / 6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off. A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being 7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon. A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent 8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.
A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting 9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be 11. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave 12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .
A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved 13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.
A. would B. should have C. may D. have 14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were 15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.
A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent 16. A few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.
A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch 17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?” --- “No, but I wish I _____”
A. have B. will C. do D. had 18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
A. I may have failed B. I’d fail C. I’d have failed D. I’ll have failed 19. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?” --- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
6
虚拟语气
A. I’m deciding B. I’ll decide C. I decided D. I decide 20. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow 21. If only I _____ my watch!
A. hadn’t lost B. haven’t lost C. didn’t lost D. don’t lose 22. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice. A. may not make B. might not make
C. shouldn’t have made D. might not have made 23. We _____ the work on time without your help.
A. hadn’t had finished B. didn’t have finished C. couldn’t have finished D. can’t have finished 24. --- “Where have you been?”
--- “I got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”
A. I would be here B. I have been here
C. I had been here D. I would have been here
25. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now. A. were B. had been C. are D. should be
26.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made. A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading 27.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him. A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet 28.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.
A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 29.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 30.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.
A. was B. were C. has been D. had been 31.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____.
A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours 32.I wish that I _____ with you last night.
A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone 33.Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel?
A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you 34.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known 35._____ the fog, we should have reached our school.
A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for 36.If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport. A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet
37.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how.
7
虚拟语气
A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach
38.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _____ so busy then. A. had been B. were C. was D. would be 39.He’s working hard for fear that he _____. A. should fall behind B. fell behind
C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind
40.If it _____ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off. A. had rained B. would have rained C. have seen D. rained
41.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting. A. should B. would C. do D. had
42.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _____ there. A. not went B. won’t go C. not go D. not to go 43.I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time.
A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had 44.Would you rather I _____ buying a new bike?
A. decided against B. will decide against C. have decided D. shall decide against 45.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____.
A. go to sleep B. went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed 46.—Why didn’t you buy a new car?
—I would have bought one if I _____ enough money.
A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had 47.If she could sew, _____.
A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirt C. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat 48._____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
49.His doctor suggested that he _____ a short trip abroad.
A. will take B. would take C. take D. took
50.The Bakers arrived last night. If they’d only let us know earlier,_____ at the station. A. we’d meet them B. we’ll meet them C. we’d have met them D. we’ve met them
51.If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. was; shall pay B. am; will pay C. would be; would pay D. were; would pay 52.We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand. A. have not given B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give
53.The law requires that everyone _____ his car checked at least once a year. A. has B. had C. have D. will have 54.It is strange that he _____ so.
8
虚拟语气
A. would say B. would speak C. should say D. will speak 55.Had I known her name, _____
A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live?
C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch. 56.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _____ all about that. A. know B. knows C. known D. knew
57.If I _____ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.
A. possessed B. owned C. had D. had had 58.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. will come
59.The librarian insists that John _____ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.
A. will take B. took C. take D. takes 60.I left very early last night, but I wish I _____ so early.
A. didn’t leave B. hadn’t left C. haven’t left D. couldn’t leave 61.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____ no time.
A. had B. didn’t have C. had had D. have
62.I wish that you _____ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.
A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have 63.He insisted that we all _____ in his office at one o’clock.
A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be
64.Helen couldn’t go to France after all. That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if _____.
A. she’s gone B. she’ll go C. she’d gone D. she’d go
65.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _____ an hour before the discussion begins.
A. go B. shall go C. will go D. would go 66. We demanded that we __________ of any change in the plan.
A. informed B. would be informed C.be informed D.had been informed 67. It’s necessary that he _________ a recognized qualification.
A. has B.have C. had D. having 68. It's high time we ____________ our attention to this problem.
A.turned B. turn C. had turned D. would turn 69. If only you __________ him what I said! Everything would have been all right. A. didn't told B. hadn't told C. would not tell D. would have not told 70. He must have had an accident, or he____________ here then.
A.would have been B. had been C. should have been D. could be
71. Much labour would have been saved if the electronic computers_____________ before.
A.had invented B.were invented C.should have been invented D. had been invented
72. _____________ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced. A. Were they to B. Could they C. If they D.Would they
9
虚拟语气
73. Five minutes earlier, and we ____________ the last bus.
A.had caught B. should have caught C. could have caught D. caught
74. You ____________ the clothes! We have a washerwoman to do that sort of thing. A. shouldn't have washed B.mustn't have washed C. can not have washed D. needn't have washed
75. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _________ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.
A. has to get B.were to get C. had got D.could have got
76. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____________ himself. A. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injure
77. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios __________ after 11 o'clock at night.
A. were not played B. not to play C. not be played D.did not play
78. You don't have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _________ on business first.
A.would go B. will go C. went D. have gone
79. It is important that enough money ___________ to fund the project. A. be collected B. must be collected C. was collected D. can be collected
80. If only the committee __________ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.
A.approve B. will approve C. can approve D. would approve
81. I don't think it advisable that Tom ________ to the job since he has no experience. A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assigned
82. You _________ her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks. A.needn't have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D.can't have seen
83. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _________ him. A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned C. would telephone D. had telephoned
84 It is recommended that the project _________ until all the preparations have been made.
A. is not started B. will not be started C. not be started D. is not to be started
85. I wish I ________ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A.could have slept B.slept C. might have slept D. have slept 86. I ________ her to the party but I didn't know her well. A.ought have B. would have invited C. should invite D. may have invited
87. You ________ to town to see the film last week. It will be on TV tomorrow. A. needn't go B.should not go C. had better not go D. needn't have gone
88. With all this work on hand, he __________ to the cinema last night.
10
虚拟语气
A. mustn't go B. wouldn't go C.oughtn't to go D. shouldn't have gone 89. It was essential that the application forms ___________ back before the deadline (截止日期)
A. must be sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sent 90. If I _________ the opportunity I would not have missed it. A. had given C.had been giving B. was given D.had been given 91. He is working hard for fear that he ___________ . A. fell behind C. should fall behind B.may fall behind D. would fall behind 92. If we _______ yesterday, we _________ the work. A. weren't interrupted.., would finish B. didn't interrupt.., would have finished
C. hadn't been interrupted.., would have finished D. hadn't interrupted.., would have finished
93. Ask him to ring me up if you ____________ him.
A.should see B. would see C .saw D. will see
94. Your examination results were quite satisfactory, but ________ if you had spent less time in playing football?
A. wouldn't they have been better C. won't they be better
B. wouldn't they be better D. won't they have been better
95. I didn't know this Picasso exhibit was closed, but I wouldn't have been able to come even if _________ about it.
A.I know C.I have been knowing B. I'd known D. I've known
96. If he ___________ hard in the past five years, things wouldn't be going so smoothly.
A.had not been working C. was not working B.has not been working D. were not working
97.-- \"Do you think the thief entered through the garage door?\"
--\"No. If he had, I don't believe he __________ the living room window.\" A. would have broken C. has broken B. had broken D. broke
98. I wish that you hadn't had such a bad headache because I'm sure that you ________ the concert.
A.will enjoy C. would enjoy
B. will have enjoyed D. would have enjoyed
99. I'd rather you __________ anything about it for the time being. A. do B. didn't do C. don't do D. didn't 100. He doesn't dare to leave the house in case ___________. A. he will recognize C. he is recognized B. he should be recognized D. he recognize
11
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容