新视野大学英语(第二版)读写教程1网络版答案unit1

Unit1

Passage A

Vocabulary Task 1 1. The years he spent in the countryside proved to be a(n) experience. rewarding Your answer(s) rewarding 2. Correct answer(s) rewarding You can learn a lot from this online course. It is designed to help people communicatebetter through speech and writing. Correct answer(s) communicate Your answer(s) communicate 3. Over a third of the population was estimated to have no health service. accessto Your answer(s) access 4. Correct answer(s) access Asking too many personal questions during an interview can lead to a(n) embarrassingsituation. Correct answer(s) embarrassing Your answer(s) embarrassing 5. Don't just complain about what's wrong with it; suggest some continualways to solve the problem. Correct answer(s) positive Your answer(s) c ontinual 6. No one in the class could match John's hard work and study, which is why the professor liked him. positiveto Your answer(s) p ositive Correct answer(s) commitment 7. The Web site allows you to take a(n) virtualtour of the well-known city which was there about 2,000 years ago. Your answer(s) virtual 8. Correct answer(s) virtual Those who dare not answer questions in traditional classroom can easily enjoy the benefitsof online courses. Correct answer(s) benefits Your answer(s) benefits 9. He couldn't join the police because he was below the height allowed by the rules. minimum Your answer(s) minimum 10. Many new Correct answer(s) minimum opportunitieswill be opened up in the future for those with a university education. Your answer(s) opportunities 11. Could you Correct answer(s) opportunities postProfessor Li's lecture on the Web site? I would like to read it this evening if possible. Your answer(s) post 12. The Correct answer(s) post gapbetween rich and poor countries has become even wider in recent years. Your answer(s) gap 13. The story was a(n) children and adults. Correct answer(s) gap favoritethroughout the country among both Your answer(s) favorite 14. There have been Correct answer(s) favorite/favourite commitmentdemands made by people wanting the police to put an end to crime in the city once and for all.

Your answer(s) c ommitment

Correct answer(s) continual

Vocabulary Task 2 1. After twenty years as a chain smoker, Mr. Nathe has given the habit. up Your answer(s) up 2. Correct answer(s) up I hope that our talk has given you some insights work that we've been doing. intothe kind of Your answer(s) into 3. Correct answer(s) into It was clear that much of what he said was far fromthe truth. Anyone with common sense would have a hard time believing it. Your answer(s) from 4. You have to be patient Correct answer(s) from withsmall children, since they cannot tell the difference between right and wrong. Your answer(s) with 5. Correct answer(s) with Hard as they tried, the newspaper reporters couldn't get access tothe building where the murder had taken place two hours before. Your answer(s) to 6. Correct answer(s) to He was so ill that he was unable to keep going on. upwith what was Your answer(s) up 7. Correct answer(s) up The time has come for us to reap the benefits ofthe strong foundations we laid in science and technology. Your answer(s) of 8. Correct answer(s) of He wished to have the opportunity to participate meet. inthe sports Your answer(s) in 9. Correct answer(s) in Even though they are poor, they are against the plan to trade land forgoods and money. Correct answer(s) for Your answer(s) for 10. I'm doing this to create circumstances under which we can communicate witheach other easily. Correct answer(s) with Your answer(s) with 11. He decided to prepare for his lessons instead party. ofgoing to the Your answer(s) of 12. Every time you feel Correct answer(s) of likesmoking, remind yourself how much healthier you are now that you've stopped. Your answer(s) like 13. I hear there is a big reward Correct answer(s) like forcatching the thief. Correct answer(s) for Your answer(s) for 14. Tommy, think this outbefore you make a decision. Correct answer(s) out Your answer(s) out

Banked Cloze

Good communication is the key to success when learning online. You should take the opportunity to get to know your teacher and classmates through email and by participating in Internet discussions. This will lead to a more positive and experience.

It's true that learning the technology needed to take part in a class can at times be

(2) frustratin(1) rewardinglearning . For example, you may need to ask how to (3) postyour assignment on the Web. But, don't worry! If you have a problem, ask for help. There's no such thing as a stupid question, so there is no need to be intimidated or (5) insights(4) embarrasse. Sharing and answers freely is what makes the Internet such a great medium for learning.

Online classroom teacher Mike Roberts was asked about what he thought the greatest

(6) benefitof online learning is. \"As a teacher, I need the students to ask questions so (7) explanatiothat I know what areas of my lessons need further . That's what is great about teaching and learning over the Internet. In an ordinary classroom, time is limited, so students seem to ask the (9) virtual(8) minimumamount of questions possible. But in the classroom, students are always asking questions. They really seem to feel asking me for the information that they need. They also share a lot of (10) comfortabvaluable ideas with each other in a way that you don't usually see in a regular classroom.\"

Your answers Correct answers

rewarding frustrating post

embarrassed insights benefit explanation

1. rewarding 2. frustrating 3. post

4. embarrassed 5. insights 6. benefit 7. explanation

8. minimum 9. virtual 10. comfortable

minimum virtual comfortable

Cloze

I, for one, am far from ready to use online courses for my learning. Don't get me

wrong. I am very happy about all the communication and learning opportunities the courses have given us. But for me those opportunities should not be used to replace classroom activities. In other words, they are only has already been servedtoolsto help me learn what in the classroom. I love the classroom. I love having classmates. There are forty students in my class right now, and I think it's great. I even love having classmates who are better than me. And, let's

notforget the smell of ink on paper, the sound of chalk on a blackboard, the hardness of a wooden bench or the heat inside the classroom in early September. I love it all. But most of all, I love having a teacher—a \"real live\" teacher. I get excited

when I am in the classroom with a good teacher. I learn in a way that has been proven to work. I am given insight not only intoa certain subject, but also into the world. What makes having a classroom teacher so succeedspecial? A good teacher pushes me to . A good teacher rewards me with praise when I have done well and stays and gives me hope when I am down. I don't believe that a teacher using a go out withpositivevirtual classroom can throughme in the same way. A teacher communicating relationshipthe Internet cannot share the same type of a classroom teacher and student share.

I guess that I am lucky to have had accessto so many excellent classroom commitmentteachers. I will never forget the kindness and that those teachers have shown me. Their examples make it hard for me to accept a way of learning that

does notinclude them. You can call me \"old-fashioned\" , but as long as there is a classroom, that's where I will be learning.

Your answers Correct answers

wrong tools offered not all into special succeed positive reach out to through relationship access commitment does not

1. wrong 2. tools 3. served 4. not 5. all 6. into 7. special 8. succeed 9. positive 10. go out with 11. through 12. relationship 13. access 14. commitment 15. does not

Translation Task 1

1.对于网络课程，学生不仅可以选择何时何地学习， 在回答问题之前他们还可以有时间思。 (not only... but also...)

Suggested answer: Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but they can also take time to think through answers before making a reply.

2. 网上学习的想法使她非常兴奋，而他认为网上学习毫无意义和用处。(while)

Suggested answer: She is excited by the idea of online learning while he considers it meaningless and useless.

3. 与以英语为母语的人交谈是非常有益的体验，从中我们能学到许多东西。(communicate with) Suggested answer: Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot.

4. 如今，越来越多的人可以利用互联网查找他们需要的信息。(have access to)

Suggested answer: Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need. 5. 他要她放弃工作在家照顾孩子，但是她觉得这个要求太过分了。(give up)

Suggested answer: He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is too much for her. 6. 既然我们已经学完这门课程，就应该多做些复习。(now that)

Suggested answer: Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.

Translation Task 2 1. I'll never forget the teacher who showed me that learning a foreign language could be fun and rewarding. Were it not for him, I would not be able to speak English as well as I do now. Suggested answer: 我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。 2. No other language lets you experience the cultures of the world like English. With a strong knowledge of the English language, you can have wonderful cultural adventures. Suggested answer: 没有任何其他语言能像英语那样让你感受到多姿多彩的世界文化。有了过硬的英语知识，你就可以体验奇妙的文化之旅。 3. Instead of only writing compositions about the subjects that your teacher has given you, do something enjoyable, like writing emails to a friend. Suggested answer: 写作不仅仅要写老师布置的话题, 而且要写自己感兴趣的东西，例如，用英语给朋友写电子邮件。 4. Distance learning courses are courses in which the instructor communicates with students using computer technology. Suggested answer: 远程教学课程是指授课者与学生通过计算机通信技术进行交流的课程。 5. English is not only the most useful language in the world, but it is also one of the easiest languages to learn and to use. Suggested answer: 英语不但是世界上最有用的语言，也是世界上最易学、易用的语言之一。 6. Distance learning courses give students greater freedom of time management, but these classes require more self-discipline than other classes. Suggested answer: 远程教学课程在时间安排上给予学生更多的自由，但与其他课程相比，这些课程要求学生有更强的自律能力。

Writing Task

Have a look at the sample of cause-and-effect paragraph based on the outline below:

Topic: Da Li and Xiao Zhang getting into a fight

Cause: one doing homework/the other listening to music/one asking the other to turn down the music/the other not hearing/one turning off the radio Effect: making the other angry/a quarrel leading to a fight

Sample Paragraph

This morning two of my roommates, Da Li and Xiao Zhang, got into a fight. Da Li started it all. He was doing homework that he had to hand in in the afternoon. Meanwhile, Xiao Zhang was listening to his favorite music. The music was really bothering Da Li, so he asked Xiao Zhang to turn it down. Xiao Zhang didn't hear him because of the loud music, so Da Li turned the radio off himself. This made Xiao Zhang very angry. He shouted loudly at Da Li, and Da Li shouted back. The two got into a bitter quarrel, which soon became a fight.

Write a cause-and-effect paragraph on one of the following topics. One topic has been given a detailed outline that you can follow.

Topic: Succeeding in language learning

Cause: a lot of practice/carry a dictionary, a notebook/meet the standards of the course/finish assignments

Effect: reap the benefits of the hard work

More topics: Failing to pass an exam/Enjoying learning English online

Sample Writing:

I am proud to say that I succeeded in learning a foreign language. It was a real challenge and, needless to say, it took a lot of practice. I carried a small dictionary with me

everywhere I went as well as a notebook in which I listed new words I came across. I also managed my time carefully so that I met the standards of the course and finished

assignments on time. After years of persistence, I reaped the benefits of all my hard work.

Passage B

Reading Skills

Read the following sentences and try to figure out the meanings of the underlined words.

1. Many people find that the online method requires them to use their experiences and that online learning offers them a place to communicate with each other. This forum for communication removes the visual barriers that hinder some students from expressing themselves.

A. the online method B. a place for online learning

C. a place to communicate with each other D. the experience of online learning

2. This forum for communication removes the visual barriers that hinder some students from expressing themselves.

A. hide B. prevent C. help D. advance

3. Remember that instructors cannot see their students in an online course. This means students must be absolutely explicit with their comments and requests. If they experience technical difficulties, or problems in understanding something about the course, they MUST speak up; otherwise there is no way anyone can know something is wrong.

A. correct B. careful C. attentive D. clear

4. Online courses require students to make decisions based on facts as well as experience. It is absolutely necessary for students to assimilate information and make the right decisions based on critical thinking.

A. take in B. take down

C. put into different class D. make an analysis of

5. Just as many excellent instructors may not be effective online facilitators, not all students have the necessary qualities to perform well online.

A. students

B. learning assistants C. inspectors D. course designers

Your answers Correct answers

C B D A B

C B D A B

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Comprehension Task

Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. Judging from Paragraph 2, the online environment can be less intimidating because

online students __________________.

A. have unique qualities that best fit the online environment

B. are not bothered by other students

C. are allowed more time to think about the information before replying

D. can answer questions without other people reading what they write

2. To be successful, some online students may have to ________________.

A. improve their writing abilities

B. complete their assignments quickly

C. work harder than their classmates

D. show their teachers how to become good online facilitators

3. Unlike regular schools, teachers cannot see their students in the online environment,

so online students must ____________________.

A. understand technical problems they meet in learning their courses

B. make their comments and requests directly and clearly

C. discuss their ideas according to their knowledge about the subject being studied D. explain their problems and those of other students

4. When problems arise, online students must ______________.

A. explain the reasons and learn from other students

B. use their own experiences to understand the problems themselves

C. tell the instructors and other students what problems they are having

D. try to reinforce their own knowledge of these problems

5. Successful online students think that online learning is ______________.

A. easier than learning in regular classrooms

B. a fun way to study

C. less convenient

D. a convenient way to receive education

6. According to Paragraph 6, online learning requires that students should

_______________.

A. respect the instructor and their classmates

B. think critically and make decisions based on facts

C. understand the information of online courses

D. feel good about their work

7. Why is testing and challenging of ideas encouraged in the online classroom?

A. Because students must help each other grow by learning from their mistakes.

B. Because students need to prepare to accept a challenge.

C. Because this helps online students realize where they are wrong and helps them make progress. D. Because facilitators must discover what students know and don't know.

8. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A. Virtual classroom is playing a more important role than traditional classroom.

B. In an online classroom most communication is spoken.

C. Online learning is popular with some people because it is easier.

D. Once you are left behind in online courses, you will have difficulty catching up.

Your answers Correct answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

C A B C D

C A B C D

6. 7. 8.

B D D

B C D

Vocabulary Task 1 1. Let's hope that both younger and older members of our communityfollow Lisa's example and come forward to become volunteers to help the disabled in our district. Your answer(s) community 2. Mary's use of color was not as Correct answer(s) community effectiveas she had hoped in making her room look bigger; it still looked small. Your answer(s) effective 3. It was a(n) Correct answer(s) effective uniqueachievement; no one has ever won the championship five times before. Your answer(s) unique 4. When people of the town discovered that the rich man had Correct answer(s) unique committedso much money to the poor, they no longer thought he was unkind. Your answer(s) committed 5. Advertising can expand and Correct answer(s) committed reinforcea company's image. Your answer(s) reinforce 6. From my Correct answer(s) reinforce perspective, Victor Hugo is the greatest writer the world has ever known. Your answer(s) perspective 7. Correct answer(s) perspective When you are writing directions, you've got to be direct and explicitto make everything rightly understood. Correct answer(s) explicit Your answer(s) explicit 8. The other team we played against today was not much of a challenge; we beat them easily. Correct answer(s) challenge Your answer(s) challenge 9. The project has been somewhat hinderedfrom reaching greater success, and much remains undone. Your answer(s) hindered 10. At a later stage, some new problems difficult to deal with. Correct answer(s) hindered arose, which seemed more Your answer(s) arose 11. We can and we must Correct answer(s) arose removeall growing economic and cultural barriers that keep us from progressing. Your answer(s) remove Correct answer(s) remove 12. You may think that I am not important to this company, but I know I am essential. Correct answer(s) essential Your answer(s) essential 13. He ate so much that his body had begun to expandover his belt. Your answer(s) expand 14. This chapter ends with some brief Correct answer(s) expand commentson the nature of knowledge—both scientific and academic. Your answer(s) Correct answer(s) comments comments

Vocabulary Task 2 1. The new plan is not considered practical as it does not allow forthe unknown changes which will occur over the next 20 years. Your answer(s) for 2. I was just finished Correct answer(s) for withmy prayers (祈祷) when I heard loud explosions and the ground moved beneath our feet. Your answer(s) with 3. I have been asked to comment particularly of some of these new designs. Correct answer(s) with onthe usefulness Your answer(s) on 4. The old woman reflected Correct answer(s) on/upon onhow much she had accomplished and realized that, of everything she had ever done, she was most proud of raising her children to be good people. Your answer(s) on 5. Correct answer(s) on/upon The investigation showed that the mistake was the authorities. onthe part of Your answer(s) on 6. I am aware Correct answer(s) on ofthe risks involved in the project, but I am willing to take the risks. Your answer(s) of 7. The car is here to stay and will play an even bigger role Correct answer(s) of inour lives in the future. Your answer(s) in 8. Correct answer(s) in The other players on the team are better than me, but I'm slowly catching up. Correct answer(s) up Your answer(s) up 9. The government has a special warning on the package of cigarettes to remind people ofthe harm of the tobacco. Correct answer(s) of Your answer(s) of 10. Inaddition, they are also required to spend four weeks in Italy during the summer vacation of their third year. Your answer(s) In Correct answer(s) In 11. The pupils are taught that friendships between individuals are based onmutual trust and respect. Correct answer(s) on/upon Your answer(s) on 12. I'm quite deaf. Would you come closer to me and speak up? Your answer(s) up

Correct answer(s) up Further Reading 1

Teaching Children at Home

Record numbers of children are being taken out of school and taught by their parents at home. Up to 100 children a month are leaving the classroom because parents are not satisfied with schools. Around 15,000 families now teach their children at home, a rise of 50 per cent from last year, according to the latest figures.

This present rise in home schooling is blamed on the nature of examinations, not getting children into the school of choice and dissatisfaction with teaching methods. Some parents prefer keeping children home because of attacks by other students and a lack of discipline in schools. Researchers say, however, many families prefer teaching at home because they feel the idea of public schooling is not modern. They believe schools will be things of the past in 20 years as media technology, like the Internet (因特网), teaches children.

Under the law, parents must teach their children, whether at school or at home. Community officials are charged (被指控) with protecting their schooling. Professor Meighan of

Nottingham University says parents were fed up with the requirements of existing schools. For him, schools are an out-of-date concept from the days of the town crier (市政传令员), when it was difficult to get information and a central person was needed to communicate that knowledge. He also thinks parents are recognizing that education is moving on and don't want their children to be held back by out-of-date methods.

Meighan suggests children will be taught at home using the Internet, computers, and video (录像片). He thinks future schools will be small groups of children sharing equipment in their homes. The teachers may become advisers who sort through the information.

Sir Christopher Ball of the Royal (皇家的) Society of Arts questioned the future of schooling. He thinks learning in the future will include an international curriculum and international standards. He sees some present models of schooling -- community schools and home schooling, for example -- becoming more central and other models, not yet existing, developing.

How Personal Choice Brings O-Level Success at 13

Leslie Barson is already running the type of school that researchers think will teach children in the future. Based partly at a community centre and partly in family homes, the Otherwise Club includes some 35 families around north London. Professional (职业的) teachers are brought in to help with special subjects, but mostly parents and children work together on units like studying the Greeks or the American Civil War, reading about events, making costumes (戏装), and learning how people used to live.

Parents choosing home schooling say the freedom of home learning allows some children to sit one or two General Certificate of Education Examinations (GCEs) by the age of 13. Ms. Barson's own children, Luis, age 12, and 7-year-old Lilly, have never attended school. She pays around 2,000 pounds a year for private teachers to help in special areas. She set up the Otherwise Club six years ago with just a few students. She thinks the purpose of teaching children is to develop their self-worth. Her son agrees. Luis, now teaching himself math, said, \"I like the freedom to learn things that interest me, especially music. I don't feel I am missing out on anything by not being at school because I am a member of various clubs and have friends who attend normal school. \" The \"Danger\" of Separating Students

Home schooling could change children's relations with their peers and older people because of long periods spent with their parents. Most professors agree future learning will be more centred around the home, and fear children could become isolated (孤独的) and shy. Professor Michael Barber of London University said pupils could spend half their time at school and half at home as a way to solve this problem. He believes very strongly that children need the experience of school to ensure (确保) the quality of the basics being taught and being examined. He thinks children must spend time with peers to learn the rules of work in a democratic (民主的) society and to learn how to deal with relations with more people than just their parents. Margaret Rudland, head teacher in Hammersmith, also thinks children must experience actual peer relations.

1Around 7,500 children are now taken out of school and taught by their parents at . home.

Y N NG

2.

Your answer Correct answer

N

N

Some parents teach their children at home because of the fear of attacks by other students and a lack of discipline among the students.

Y

N NG

3.

Your answer Correct answer

Y

Y

According to the researchers mentioned in the text, many families teach children at home because they think the idea of home schooling is modern.

Y

N NG

4.

Your answer Correct answer

Y

Y

Professor Meighan of Nottingham University thought that school had been out of date many years ago.

Y

N NG

Your answer Correct answer

Y

Y

5.

The Otherwise Club set up by Leslie Barson is believed to the best type of schooling for children in the future.

Y

N NG

6.

Your answer Correct answer

N

NG

Because children are free to learn what interests them at home schools, some children get one or two GCEs when they are 13 years old.

Y

N NG

7.

Your answer Correct answer

Y

Y

One weak point of home schooling is that children have no chance to learn the

rules of work in a democratic society or to learn how to deal with more people.

Y

N NG

8.

Your answer Correct answer

Y

Y

Sir Christopher Ball of the Royal Society of Arts believes learning in the future

will include .

Your answer: an international curriculum and international

standards

Suggested answer: an international curriculum and international standards

9.

Ms. Barson believes that the purpose of teaching children is to

.

Your answer: develop their self-worth Suggested answer: develop their self-worth

Professor Michael Barber of London University holds the belief that children need the experience of school to ensure the quality of

10.

.

Your answer: the basics being taught and being examined Suggested answer: being taught the basics and being examined

Further Reading 2

What Is \"Art\"?

Yasmina Reza's (雅丝米娜•雷扎, 当今法国重要女剧作家之一) one-act play Art, premièred in Berlin, was a huge success in Paris and then opened in London. It is about a white-on-white abstract painting that nearly ruins a friendship among three men. A character named Serge buys the painting for an extravagant sum; his friend Marc, invited to admire the new purchase, pronounces it \"shit\"; the third friend, Yvan, who has no aesthetic views (or is happy to see equal merit in both views), is made wretched by the subsequent bickering, to which most of the play's ninety minutes are devoted.

As the quotation marks in the title signal, the play basically sides with Marc, the character who thinks that his friend's notion of \"art\" is ridiculous. Still, it suggests, Marc is taking his outrage a shade too seriously, since, as phony as the painting probably is, there's no point in spoiling a friendship over it. This is evidently a view that suits the audience that has made Art an international success. When I saw the play in London, the audience laughed earnestly at every one of Marc's rather blunt and obvious gibes but gasped in horror when, toward the end of the play, he defaced the painting with a felt-tip pen. They agreed that the canvas had no aesthetic merit, but they felt that its market value ought to be respected.

What's odd about the play is the notion that a white-on-white canvas represents the latest refinement in avant-garde (先锋派的) pretension. White-on-white canvases were the latest refinement in avant-garde pretension forty years ago. And monochrome art didn't represent a sneer at aesthetic values. It represented the culmination of aestheticism (唯美主义), the final distillation of the idea of painting as painting. The fictional Serge has purchased one of the prime artistic products of an era that the real-life, present-day avant-garde reacts strongly against. The tasteless \"representational (具象派的)\" landscape that hangs in Marc's living room is in many respects more avant-garde than Serge's new but old fashioned white-on-white painting.

What does seem right about Art, though, is how inarticulate the characters become when they attempt to justify their reactions to Serge's painting and how quickly the disagreement turns personal. This is what the audiences are probably responding to. They've been in these situations themselves, and although the relationships in the play are not very convincing (it's hard to understand how these three guys ever became friends in the first place), so the

damage to their friendship is not so bothersome, the situation of a disagreement about art turning into a bitter argument about personalities is easily recognized and understood. The disagreements about aesthetic opinions in Art strike a chord because most people have lost any clear sense of what a valid aesthetic argument is. In reality aesthetic arguments have become only justifications for art that people happen to like, and this seems to have become the current view on the subject.

Last fall when the Times asked seventeen \"art-world participants and observers\" the question \"What is art?\answer. Art historians simply can't agree on what art is today. Art historian Thomas McEvilley says, \"It seems pretty clear by now that more or less anything can be designated as art\". Another art historian, Robert Rosenblum, says, \"By now the idea of defining art is so remote I don't think anyone would dare to do it\". According to William Rubin, of the Museum of Modern Art \"There is no single definition of art\Metropolitan Museum of Art, affirms that \"There's no consensus about anything today\". All agreed that there can be no definition of art because art is just whatever people say it is. The triumph of the consensus of no consensus should be gratifying to Arthur Danto, a philosopher and the art critic of the nation. Since 1984 he has been trying to explain why it is no longer possible, by referring to the way it looks, to distinguish something that is a work of art from something that is not. His argument, eloquently summed up in his most recent book, After the End of Art, is that after Andy Warhol exhibited what looked like Brillo boxes in 19, anything could be art. With \"Brillo Box\longer a guide stating what form works of art should take next, because having a particular form no longer determined whether or not an item was a work of art.

People in London could see realized, in an exhibition called \"Sensation\have been thinking about when he wrote his book back in 1984. \"Sensation\" is a collection of items ranging from snapshots, videos, abstract paintings, and figurative paintings to found objects and dead animals. A characteristic piece called \"Self\" by Marc Quinn is listed in the catalogue as having been created in the following media: blood, stainless steel, and

refrigeration equipment. Chris Ofili's works on linen were executed in oil paint, polyester resin, map pins, and elephant dung. If Serge had a Lucite box containing the head of a cow crawling with maggots on display in his living room, Art would seem a lot more up to date.

Danto still believes that art has essential qualities; he just doesn't think that those qualities reside in its appearance. But it's easy to slip from the recognition that anything could be art to the position that art is an arbitrary category. Danto calls his conception of post-historical art \"Pluralist (多元论者),\" meaning that all forms of expression are now permitted; and one reason so many of the people in the Times survey echo his view is that pluralism is the ascendant philosophy of the day. Nobody wants to get caught asserting that one type of art is inherently better than another. Pluralist talk about tastes and values is everywhere. The belief that we should never fall into the grip of a single belief has us firmly in its grip. Pluralism

is an admirable point of view, but it wouldn't be much use if it prevented people from judging anything.

In dispensing with a single definition of art, we are liberating ourselves less completely than we imagine. The regime of \"no definition\" is just as dictatorial as every previous regime. A pluralist consensus demands a pluralist art. When the official art-world position is that art can look like anything, you get the kind of art on display in the \"Sensation\" show—that is, art that looks the way art would look if art could look like anything. As long as \"art\" is a term that confers value on an object (and there's no reason to have the term at all if it doesn't), people will mean something by it, whether or not they are willing to say so to the Times. There is no exit from concepts. (1181 words)

Read the text quickly and answer the following questions and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). 1.

B. the high price of paintings

C. the friendship between three men

D. different opinions about a white-on-white painting

The play Art is mainly about ____________. A. the definition of art

2.

According to the article, a white-on-white canvas ____________. A. represents the latest expression of avant-garde pretension

B. represents the culmination of aestheticism

C. is liked by the present-day avant-garde

D. is no longer up to date

3.

In the play, the three characters ____________.

A. could understand very well each other's taste for paintings

B. could hardly explain their reactions to the painting convincingly

C. had a big quarrel about the painting

D. became good friends again after their dispute about the painting

4.

The writer's view of pluralism is ____________. A. favorable

B. skeptical

C. rejecting

D. appreciative

5.

Which of the following statements is best supported by the article? A. A pluralist consensus of art is a liberating concept.

B. The \"Sensation\" show indicates what art really is.

C. Art has no definition is a useful concept.

D. Art has essential qualities that confer value on an object.

Your answers Correct answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

D B B B D

D D B B D