动词不定式和动名词讲解及实战练习(含答案)

动词不定式和动名词讲解及实战练习（含答案）

一、动词不定式

1、动词不定式的形式

动词不定式一般由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成，有的不定式可省略to。

不定式的否定形式是“not to （do）”

He asked me to play chess with him。他让我和他一起下国际象棋。(带1o)

1 saw a boy go across the road just now。我看见有个男孩刚才过了马路。(不带to)

The teacher told me not to be late again. 老师告诉我不要再迟到。(否定形式动词不定式的用法

2、动词不定式的用法

动词不定式在句子中不能作谓语，但可以用作主语、宾语、表语，定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。虽不作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语或状语。

(1)不定式作宾语

①不定式作宾语的情况比较多，经常接不定式作宾语(即动词+ to do sth。结构)的动词有：begin(开始)，care(愿意)，ask(要求)，hope(希望)， learn(学会)， expect(期望)，want(想要)，wish(希

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望)， forget(忘记)，like(喜欢)， decide(决定)，try(尝试)， continue(继续)，prefer(比较喜欢)， pretend(假装)等。如

I hope to see the famous scientist。( to see作hope的宾语)我希望看见那位著名的科学家。

②不定式作某些形容词的宾语。例： ready(准备好)， anxious(急于)，able(能够)，sure(一定)，glad(高兴)，sorry(难过)， afraid(害怕)， pleased(高兴)， willing(愿意)等。如I’m glad to meet you。( to meet作glad的宾语)见到你很高兴。

③不定式和疑问词连用作宾语。如： when to do(什么时候做)； how to do(怎样做)； what to do(做什么)； why to do(为什么做)；which to do(做哪一个)等。如

I don' t know what to buy for my mother。( what to buy作know的宾语)我不知道给妈妈买什么。

（2）不定式用作宾语补足语

常用结构形式“动词+宾语+宾补”(即动词+sb+ to do sth)

动词有：ask(请)， force(强迫)，allow(允许)， expect(期望，盼望)， Invite(邀请)，want(要)，

tell(告诉)， advise(建议)，help(帮助)， persuade(说服)， permit(准许)等。

如Joan asked Mary to speak first。

(Mary在句中作宾语， to speak补充说明Mary要做的事)

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(3)不定式作目的状语

不定式作状语，修饰动词，用于表示行为的目的，一般放在动词后面，有时放在句首。如

We ran over to welcome the new friends from the USA。( to welcome作目的状语)

(4)不定式作主语(可用it来作形式主语，将真正主语置后)

To learn maths is very important。= It is very important to learn maths。

学数学很重要。

3、省略to的不定式

(1) 使役动词（make，let，have）和感官动词（see, notice, hear）后带宾语，再接不定式作宾补时，主动语态时不定式要省略to.

Make sb. do sth.使某人做某事

let sb. do sth。让某人做某事

have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

notice sh. do( doing)sth。注意某人(正在)做某多

see sb.do ( doing) sth。看见某人(正在)做某事

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hear sb.do( doing) sth。听见某人(正在)做某事

如:1 often see him run on the road。(省略to)我经常看见他在路上跑步。

(2) 固定搭配

would rather do sth. than do sth.宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事

had better (not) do sth.最好(不)要做某事

二、动名词

1、动名词的基本形式和性质

动名词是动名词兼有动词和名词的性质。动词的性质是可以带宾语和状语，组成动名词短语；名词的性质在句子中可以充当主语、宾语等。“动词原形加-ing\"”构成

She is fond of collecting stamps。(作宾语)她喜欢集邮。

Traveling abroad can be very exciting。(作主语)出国旅行会是很激动人心的。

2、常见的可接动名词的动词短语有

Like/dislike/enjoy/have fun +doing喜欢做

mind (sb) doing介意做

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imagine doing 想象做

suggest doing建议做

practice doing练习做

finish doing结束做

what about/ how about doing sth 做某事如何

Thank you for doing sth. 为…感谢某人

at the beginning of 的起初；……的开始

keep/go (on) /continue doing持续做

can’t help doing情不自禁做

can’t stand doing不能忍受做

can’t stop doing sth 忍不住做某事

feel like doing想要做

go +doing (go shopping) 去做某事

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no +doing 禁止做某事

be worth doing 值得做

be busy doing sth 忙于做某事

spend time/money (in) doing 花费时间做某事

waste time/money (in) doing浪费时间做某事

consider doing sth 考虑做某事

have trouble/difficulty/problems/experience (in) doing 做某事有困难/有经验

used to do 过去常常做某事

be /get used for doing sth = be used to do sth.

被用来作某事

be /get/used to doing 习惯于做某事

pay attention to doing 注意做某事

hold on to doing sth 坚持做某事

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look forward to doing期望做某事

be interested in doing

=take an interest in doing对---感兴趣

be good at doing sth= do well in doing sth.

擅长作某事

about: be worried about doing担忧做

be embarrassed about doing尴尬做

be annoyed about doing反感做

with: be pleased with doing对做---满意

prefer doing to doing宁愿—也不愿

without: without doing没做

from: stop sb (from) doing

=prevent sb from doing

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=keep sb from doing

(但keep sb doing使某人不停的做)

by: by doing通过做

三、动词不定式和动名词的关系

（1）有的动词接动词＋doing和接动词+to do 意义无大区别begin doing/ begin to do

start doing/ start to do开始做

continue doing/to do持续做

like doing / like to do

love doing / love to do 喜欢做

hate doing/ hate to do讨厌做

3 3. 有的动词接动词＋doing和接动词+to do意义不同

forget doing 忘记做过某事

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forget to do忘记去做某事（还未做）

remember doing 记得做过某事

remember to do记得要去做某事（还未做）

stop doing=give up doing sth 停止做某事

stop to do停下来去做另一件事

try /try one’s best to do尽力做

need doing需要被做(主语指物)

need to do 需要做（主语指人）

四、实战练习

(1)从各题后的四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。

( )1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock.

A. to have rested B. resting

C. to rest D. rest

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( )2. Do you know the boy _______ under the big tree?

A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying

( )3. You’d better ______ your bike _____ at once. It is Monday tomorrow, you know.

A. to have, mend B. have, mended

C. have, to mend D. to have, mended

( )4. --- Look! The lights in the classroom are still on.

--- Oh, I forgot _______.

A. turning them off B. turn them off

C. to turn them off D. having turned them off

( )5. “Can’t you read?” the officer said _______ to the notice.

A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed D. point angrily

( )6. The computer center, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.

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A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened

( )7. The policeman warned the young man _______ after drinking.

A. never to drive B. to never drive

C. never driving D. never drive

( )8. --- What’s the language _______ in New Zealand?

--- English.

A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak

( )9. He didn’t feel like _______ out for a walk, because he had caught a cold.

A. to go B. goes C. gone D. going

( )10. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

( )11. The house is not big enough for us all _______.

A. to live in B. to be lived in

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C. to live D. for living in

( )12. A clock is made for _______ us the time.

A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. tells

( )13. You’d better _______ at home all the time. It’s bad for your health.

A. don’t stay B. no to stay

C. not stay D. not staying

( )14. The students are busy _______ ready for the exam now.

A. getting B. get C. got D. to get

( )15. The mother asked the boy _______ down the ladder, but he went on _______ instead.

A. come; climbing B. to come; to climb

C. to come; climbing D. coming; climbing

(2)语法选择填空。

Sometimes you just need a quick trip to the beach. I decided 1 Puerto Rico. The island,2 is a USA territory(地域), offers Americans all the comforts of domestic (国内

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的)travel. But Puerto Rico also has Caribbean beaches and Latin culture along 3 waterfalls and good food and drinks.

We spent five days 4 on the beach, exploring old San Juan, hiking through the island's rainforest and, of course， enjoying tropical(热带的) drinks as we thought of _5 futures.

Puerto Rico 6 two kinds of seasons: wet and dry. Prices tend 7 lower in the rainy months, April to November, but that's because you run the risk of 8 stuck inside your hotel room waiting for the rain to subside(减弱)。Traveling there last fall, I knew this going in, but was willing 9 my chances. We also spent a day 10 El Yunque, Puerto rico's famous tropical rainforest. Many visitors rent a car and made the trek(跋涉) 11 their own from San juan-it's about 30 minutes away- 12 we booked a guided tour through our hotel that included 13 hike and swimming beneath a waterfall. There 14 several different places where you can swim, but be prepared for a bit of adventure, 15 slippery rocks and a river with a rope swing。

1) A. to try B. try C. trying D. tried

2) A who B. which C. what D. whose

3) A.of B. by C. with D. against

4) A.to relax B. relax C. relaxed D. relaxing

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5) A. your B. their C. his D. our

6) A. has B. have C. is D. are

7) A. being B.to be C. will be D. have been

8) A. to get B. got C. getting D. to be got

9) A. taking B. to take C. takes D. took

10) A. on B. at C. under D. with

11) A. in B. on C. by D. to

12) A. but B. and C. or D. so

13) A. a B. an C. the D./

14) A. is B. are C. have D. has

15) A. include B. including C. to include D. included 答案

(1)1-5 CDBCA 6-10 DABDB 11-15 ABCAC

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(2)1-5ABCDD 6-10ABCBB 11-15BAABB

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