高考英语大二轮复习专题一阅读理解推理判断题专练一__细节推断类

推理判断题专练 ( 一) ——细节推断类

` A

[2019 ·安徽省百所重点中学模拟

]I've been a volunteer in the Macmillan@ Glasgow

Libraries programme for just over a year. I got involved because I was looking for

something to volunteer for after I retired from work. I thought being a Macmillan

Cancer Information and Support

Volunteer might be a good way to do that by using some

of the skills I learned at work.

At one time, I felt I made a real difference when a lady came in to use

the service. She was very upset, but she was not the person with cancer. It was her

partner. She had lots of things on her mind. We, together with a counselor, had a

chat about her to help

deal with all the emotions ( 情感 ) she felt. Weknew we could

arrange something, so we discussed with her what could be done for her family. She was relieved that we could get something arranged for her and liked the fact that

we managed to get the ball rolling during her visit.

The good thing about having the services in the library is that the

environment

is non-clini cal and therefore more relaxing than the hospital or

doctor's surgery. The team in the library are not medically trained. That means we do not use big words or medical terms very often.

It's

great that the people who volunteer

解决 ) for people

all work well together, who come in. It's good to

helping

each other to get a resolution (

have the team at the other end of the

phone whenever we get something unusual.

It is a pleasure to be able to help as a volunteer.

体裁：夹叙夹议文

题材：个人经历 主题：志愿者工作

【语篇解读】

本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在本文中记叙了自己作为一名志愿者的经

历。作者退休后，利用自己的技能去帮助那些需要帮助的人，并从中得到了快乐。

【短语积累】

get the ball rolling 开始某事；继续某事

He will go to Europe next week to get the ball rolling again on peace talks.

他下周将前往欧洲，开始重启和谈。

1． What can we infer about the author?

A．He is a retired doctor.

B．He is volunteering in a hospital.

C．He is a counselor in cancer.

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高考英语大二轮复习专题一阅读理解推理判断题专练一__细节推断类

D．He has fought against cancer before.

答案与解析： A

考查推理判断。根据第一段的内容我们可以知道，作者现在已经退休，

而且有医学方面的技能；结合第三段的内容，我们可以推测，作者是一名退休医生，故选

A

项。

2． Why did the lady feel upset?

A．Because she was affected by cancer.

B．Because her husband suffered from cancer.

C．Because she didn't know how to treat cancer.

D．Because she had a poor relation with her husband.

答案与解析： B

考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ She was very upset, but she was not

rtner ”和“ we discussed with her what could be

partner ”表示“配

the person with cancer. It was her pa

done for her family ”可知，这位女士的丈夫得了癌症。注意：此处的“ 偶”，故选 B 项。

3． What do we know about the volunteers?

A．They do well in teamwork.

B．They receive medical training.

C．They all used to be helped.

D．They often meet unusual things.

答案与解析： A

考查推理判断。根据最后一段的首句“ It's great that the people who

解决 ) for

volunteer all work well together, helping each other to get a resolution (

people who come in ”可知，所有的志愿者都能很好地共同工作，彼此帮助，为来求助的人 提供好的解决方案，由此推知。他们具有很强的团队意识，善于团队合作，故选

A 项。

4．Why does the author write this text?

A．To call on readers to do voluntary work.

B．To show us how to help those in trouble.

C．To share his experiences as a volunteer.

D．To teach us how to take care of cancer patients.

答案与解析： C 考查写作意图。综合全文的内容我们可以看出，本文主要讲述的是作者

的志愿者经历。因此，作者写作的目的也就是要分享他作为志愿者的经历，故选

C 项。

B

[2019 ·郑州第二次质量预测 ] People have different ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over-the-counter medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies ( 治疗 ) like herbal tea or chicken soup. Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it.

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高考英语大二轮复习专题一阅读理解推理判断题专练一__细节推断类

So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work? According to

James Taylor, professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so it's

easy to believe it's medicine rather than time that deserves the credit, USAToday reported.

It

still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases

yet are powerless against something so common as a cold. Recently, scientists came closer

to figure out why. To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral drugs

work. They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of

the virus.

To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece

of a jigsaw (

拼图 ), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a

3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral enough.

drug that is effective

The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus

( 鼻病毒 ) A and B. But they didn't find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C, until 2006. All three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs

that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against rhinovirus C.

“This explains

most of the previous

Professor

failures of drug trials against

rhinoviruses

， ” study leader Ann C. Palmenberg at the University of

Wisconsin-Madison, US, told

Science Daily .

Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists

have finally

built a highly-detailed 3D model of the virus, showing that the surface

of the virus is, as expected, different from that of other cold viruses.

With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its

way. Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don't really

work.

体裁：说明文

题材：医学研究 主题：感冒

【语篇解读】

本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家们对普通感冒的相关研究。 According to James Taylor, professor at the University

own in about a week, improving

a little

of Washington, each day after

【难句分析】

colds usually

go away on their

symptoms peak, so it's the credit,

easy to believe it's medicine rather than time that deserves

USAToday reported.

medicine rather than time

分析：本句是一个复合句。 so 引导结果状语从句； 句中“ it's

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高考英语大二轮复习专题一阅读理解推理判断题专练一__细节推断类

that deserves the credit

”是省略了

进行强调。

that 的宾语从句； it's... that... 是强调句，对

medicine rather than time

译文：《今日美国》报道说，据华盛顿大学的教授詹姆斯·泰勒说，感冒在症状达到高峰

后每天好转一点点，通常在大概一个星期内自行消退，因此人们很容易认为是药物而不是时

间起了作用。

5．What does the author think of popular remedies for a common cold?

A．They are quite effective.

B．They are slightly helpful.

C．They actually have no effect.

D．They still need to be improved.

答案与解析： C 考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句“

Yet here is the tough truth

about the common cold: nothing really cures it

”可知，作者认为常见的应对普通感冒

的方法都是无效的，这与第二段的专家论述呼应，故选

C项。

6．How do antiviral drugs work?

A．By breaking up cold viruses directly.

B．By changing the surface structures of the cold viruses.

C．By preventing colds from developing into serious diseases.

D．By absorbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time.

答案与解析： B 考查细节理解。 根据第三段第四句“ They attack the virus

by attaching

to and changing the surface structures of the virus

”可知，抗病毒药物是通过附着在

病毒表面，并改变其表面结构而起作用的，故选

B 项。

7． What can we infer from the passage?

A．The surface of cold viruses looks quite similar.

B．Scientists have already found a cure for the common cold.

C．Scientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently. D．Knowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective

cure.

答案与解析： D 考查推理判断。根据第三段最后一句“

To do that, the drug must fit

and lock into the virus

like the right piece of a jigsaw ( 拼图 ), which means scientists

have to identity the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough

”，并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，

了解感冒病毒的结构是研发有效药物的关键所在，故选

D项。

8．What is the best title for this passage?

A．Drugs against cold viruses

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高考英语大二轮复习专题一阅读理解推理判断题专练一__细节推断类

B．Helpful home remedies

C．No current cure for common cold

D．Research on cold viruses

答案与解析： C

考查标题判断。根据第一段最后一句“ Yet here is the tough truth

about the common cold: nothing really c

ures it ”和最后一段的呼应，以及对全文的整

体理解可推知，本文主要讲述了科学家们对普通感冒的研究，结果发现目前并没有有效的治

疗方法，故选 C项。

C

[2019 ·贵阳市高三适应性考试

( 一 )] As parents, we walk a fine line between

caring for our children and teaching them how to care for themselves. When they're little, they need our help with everything. Over time, kids usually take the lead

on things like feeding and dressing themselves, but it can be difficult to know when

it's

time for them to start doing some basic things, such as packing their own lunches

for school or solving problems with teachers without a parent's help.

Blogger Amy Carney recently shared a post about the things parents should

stop doing for their teens. In it, Carney shared the basic skills that she expects

her kids to master by the time they hit

13, such as waking themselves up in the morning,

making their own breakfast and lunch, and finishing their own homework.

Barb Harvey, a childhood behavior expert, gave me her answer: The age at

which children learn to master certain skills will be different depending upon the

maturity (

成熟 ) and interest level of the child.

I

asked the same question among my friends. They gave all kinds of answers,

which can explain Harvey's opinion.

Therefore, there's only one expert who can determine when your kids have

the ability to deal with certain skills, and that's you. If your kids aren't ready

to pack their

own lunches — don't sweat it. Help them learn the skills they're ready

to deal with and keep working towards the end goal of raising responsible and able adults. Because if there's one thing that we can all agree on as parents, it's that

time moves quickly when you're raising kids. One day you will wish they could just

do things without you and the next day, you will feel upset that they do.

体裁：说明文

题材：社会生活 主题：父母和孩子的成长

【语篇解读】

本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了父母和孩子成长的关系。 In it, Carney shared the basic skills that she expects her kids

hit

13, such as waking themselves up in the morning, making

【难句分析】

to master by the time they

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高考英语大二轮复习专题一阅读理解推理判断题专练一__细节推断类

their own breakfast and lunch, and finishing their own homework.

分析：本句是一个复合句。句中“ that she expects her kids to master

”是 that 引

导的定语从句，修饰先行词

the basic skills 。 13 岁时应该掌握的一

译文：在这篇文章里， Carney 分享了一些她期望她的孩子们到他们

些基本技能，譬如早上自己醒来，自己做早餐和午餐，自己完成家庭作业等。

9．What is Amy Carney's expectation when her children are 13?

A．To be a skillful cook.

B．To follow Harvey's opinion.

C．To be an expert.

D．To have basic skills.

答案与解析： D 考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“ In it, Carney shared the basic skills that she expects her kids to master by the time they hit 13, such as waking themselves up in the morning, making their own breakfast and lunch, and finishing

their own homework ”可知， Amy Carney 期望自己的孩子在 13 岁时可以掌握一些基本技能，故选 D项。

10． Who can decide when the children will learn to care for themselves?

A．Amy Carney.

B D

． Barb Harvey. ． The parents.

C．The children.

答案与解析： D 考查细节理解。根据最后一段第一句“

expert who can determine when your kids have the ability

Therefore, there's only one to deal with certain

D项。 skills,

and that's you

”可知，孩子们什么时候可以照顾自己取决于父母，故选

11． Why will parents feel upset when their children grow up? A．Their kids can do nothing.

B．They feel less important.

C．Their children become able adults.

D．Their kids disagree on anything.

答案与解析： B

考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句“ One day you will wish they

feel upset that they do”

could just do things without you and the next

day, you will

和对第一段的整体理解可推知，当孩子们长大了，真的可以自己做自己的事情时，父母会觉

得失落是因为父母觉得孩子们不再需要自己了，自己对他们来讲没有那么重要了，故选

B 项。

12． What does the text mainly talk about?

A．Walking a fine line.

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高考英语大二轮复习专题一阅读理解推理判断题专练一__细节推断类

B．Blogger Amy Carney.

C．Parents and their children's growth.

D．A childhood behavior expert.

答案与解析： C 考查主旨大意。根据第一段第一句“ As parents, we walk a fine line

between caring for our children and teaching them how to care for themselves

”点

C

题，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是父母和孩子的成长的关系，故选

项。

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